Gastroduodenitis, the signs of which are found in both children and adults, refers to inflammatory diseases. A distinctive feature of this pathology is that it simultaneously affects the mucous membrane of the duodenum and stomach. Moreover, the development of the disease begins with the latter. Against the background of the disease, a failure of the autonomic nervous system develops, which regulates the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, the mobility of smooth muscles fails, and the food lump lingers in the intestine. The disease can also occur in a practically he althy individual. After a course of treatment, relapses are not excluded. In this case, a chronic pathology is registered in the acute stage.
General information
Simultaneous damage to the mucous membranes of the initial section of the jejunum and stomach is called gastroduodenitis, so it is difficult and requires long-term therapy. The occurrence of this pathology is influenced by both external and internal factors. ExceptIn addition, heredity also plays an important role. Among the psychogenic causes contributing to its development are frequent stress and nervousness. They produce a negative effect on the general condition of the digestive tract throughout its entire length, i.e., starting from the oral cavity and ending with the act of defecation. Inaccuracies in nutrition, including the use of low-quality products, dry food also negatively affects the gastrointestinal tract and is one of the reasons for the development of gastroduodenitis.
Another provocateur is Helicobacter pylori, which, once in the body, multiplies in the mucous membranes and disrupts their functions. As a result, ulcers and erosions form on it, and due to the aggressive effect of the digestive juice, the inflammatory process is aggravated. Gastroduodenitis without signs of mucosal atrophy, what is it? So called some types of disease. In practice, its most common form is chronic, preceded by an acute one. And the reason for this phenomenon is the lack of or poor-quality treatment. In addition, primary chronic gastroduodenitis is no exception. In this case, exacerbations alternate with remission. Complications that most often occur are pancreatitis, enterocolitis, dysbacteriosis, diarrhea.
Classification of gastroduodenitis
Depending on the reason, it happens:
- exogenous (primary);
- endogenous (secondary) or concomitant.
According to histological parameters of the lesion:
- mild degree;
- moderate;
- heavy;
- with atrophy;
- with gastric metaplasia.
By localization of pathology:
- chronic ulcerative;
- chronic gastritis-like;
- local pancreatitis-like.
Downstream:
- spicy;
- chronic.
By prevalence:
- localized;
- common.
From the level of acidity:
- normal;
- low;
- high.
Disease types
Depending on the degree of damage to the mucous membrane, the following types are found:
- Superficial - gastroduodenitis without signs, i.e., there are no deep damage and erosion, the level of acidity is within the normal range. This type can be, as the initial stage of another pathology, or as an independent disease. The walls of the digestive organs thicken, swelling appears, the mucous membranes become reddish - such changes occur during the development of the inflammatory process.
- Hemorrhagic - there are bleeding erosions on the walls of the mucosa. The constant loss of blood leads to a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin, which provokes general weakness. Possible vomiting.
- Mixed - Helicobacter is considered the main cause of this type of pathology. The clinical picture combines signs of gastroduodenitis of different types.
- Atrophic - a precancerous condition. A fairly common form. In view of the strongdamage to the membrane that produces mucus, there is a failure in the synthesis of hydrochloric acid, which leads to a significant decrease in acidity. Part of the digestive system completely dies.
- Hypertrophic - in addition to thickening, growths and cysts appear on the walls, deep layers of the mucosa are affected. This form is considered the most dangerous, and in the absence of proper treatment, it degenerates into cancer.
- Catarrhal - a kind of acute pathology, the provocateur of which is an infection of a viral nature.
- Erosive - gastroduodenitis without signs of atrophy, develops rapidly. Any stressful situations act as a stimulating factor. With an exacerbation, the individual is concerned about heartburn, constipation or diarrhea, increased gas formation, and belching. During remission, all symptoms disappear. With adequate therapy, the disease is completely cured.
- Reflux - bile and food coma are thrown back into the stomach due to a malfunction of the sphincter, which is located on the border of the lower part of the stomach and the duodenum. Such violations in some cases provoke tissue necrosis. In the future, these areas are reborn, and cancer develops.
Clinical picture
Signs of gastroduodenitis in adults in the acute stage are manifested by sour belching, nausea, stomach pain, heartburn, vomiting. Its duration is several weeks, and then the disease goes into remission, in which no symptoms are observed. However, the individual may experience irritability, dizziness, general weakness. Incomplete remission is characterized by the followingpicture:
- Dyspeptic phenomena.
- Pain aching nature.
- A white tongue has a coating.
- There is some relief after vomiting.
- Heavy feeling.
- Discomfort after eating.
Here are episodic signs of gastroduodenitis.
Symptoms in children are similar to those in adults, but less pronounced. Among them:
- fatigue;
- dark circles under the eyes;
- pain in the abdomen of a cramping nature;
- increased sweat separation;
- irritability;
- sleep disorder.
Exacerbations most often occur in the autumn and spring periods.
What symptoms indicate the disease?
Gastroduodenitis refers to such ailments that should be treated quickly, otherwise they are rapidly progressing. Signs that indicate pathology manifest themselves differently in individuals. They are most noticeable during the period of exacerbation, when a person is disturbed by spasm-type pain and bloating. Indirect signs of gastroduodenitis include:
- Loss of appetite - if it is absent for a long period, then an examination is necessary, which will be prescribed by the doctor when contacting a he alth facility.
- Weight loss - not found in every patient. Uncontrolled weight loss is a red flag that requires medical attention.
- Weakness - This symptom appears as the disease progresses. If unreasonable fatigue or lethargy does not go away inwithin two weeks, medical attention is required.
Unfortunately, adults most often do not pay attention to the above signs of gastroduodenitis. Nevertheless, indirect symptoms not only signal incipient he alth problems, but also help prevent serious complications.
Treatment
Depending on the type of pathological process, the doctor selects complex therapy for:
- Superficial - medicines that regulate the level of acidity, immunomodulators, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, diet food.
- Erosive - sedatives, painkillers, vitamins, antibiotics, cytoprotectors.
In case of severe gastroduodenitis, its treatment is carried out in a hospital. In an acute condition, a complete cure occurs after one medication course and diet. If there are repeated episodes of the disease, then full treatment and observation by a doctor is necessary. To prevent relapse, it is recommended to completely abandon strong coffee and any alcohol-containing, carbonated drinks.
Diet food
In the treatment of signs of gastroduodenitis, diet is important. During the period of exacerbations, it is advisable to follow the rules listed below:
- All food should be warm. Steamed, boiled or stewed. Eat in small portions, observing equal intervals between meals (at least three hours). Dinner no later than two hours before bedtime.
- It is allowed to drink weak tea drinks, anydairy products, fresh fruits and vegetables. In small quantities, boiled sausages and cheeses are allowed.
Prohibited:
- Food with strong flavors.
- Rough and fried food.
- Chocolate.
- Pickles, canned food.
- Mushrooms.
- Coffee and spirits.
As a preventive measure for the development of signs of gastroduodenitis in the existing form of chronic gastritis, doctors recommend adhering to the daily routine and diet. It is based on the following principles:
- Varied menu throughout the day.
- Meals at least four times a day.
- Exclude dry food, overeating, long breaks between meals.
It is also recommended to adhere to the above principles of nutrition in the initial stages of the disease.
Features of superficial gastroduodenitis
With this form of the disease, only the surface layer of the mucous membrane is affected. There are several types:
- Erythematous is the initial form of the disease, in which the signs of superficial gastroduodenitis are mild. The main symptom is decreased appetite and discomfort after eating.
- Acute - exacerbation of the previous form.
- Chronic - occurs when untimely and improper treatment.
Often, superficial gastroduodenitis goes to the upper duodenum, as there is no muscle sphincter betweenintestine and stomach.
Signs of gastroduodenitis depend on age, form and course of the disease:
- Dyspeptic phenomena. Dysmotility of the duodenum and stomach is considered the main symptom of the disease. In addition, the individual has nausea, the urge to vomit, heartburn, bloating, heaviness in the stomach. In some cases, there is bitterness in the mouth.
- Pain syndrome. Its appearance depends on food intake, often there are so-called "hungry" pains in the early morning hours, and can also be in the evening, two or three hours after dinner. During an exacerbation, pain is localized in the left hypochondrium.
- Headache, fatigue, weakness. These symptoms are most common in children and adolescents. Often they are accompanied by increased salivation, constipation or diarrhea, lack of appetite, weight loss.
Symptoms of pathology in the acute stage disturb for three months. The pain syndrome is episodic and short-lived. If left untreated, signs of chronic gastroduodenitis develop in adults and children. This form is characterized by cyclicality, i.e. periods of exacerbations are replaced by prolonged remissions.
Causes of chronic gastroduodenitis
Allocate endogenous and exogenous causes that provoke the onset of the disease. The first are:
- Anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract, including hormonal failure in the regulation of digestion, reduced secretion of mucus necessary for digestion of food, increased acidity.
- Disorders bearingendocrine character.
- Injury to the pancreas and liver.
Secondary chronic gastroduodenitis develops against the background of pathologies such as renal failure and gastritis in the chronic stage, hepatitis, ulcerative lesions of the duodenum and stomach, pancreatitis, allergic or parasitic diseases, as well as damage to the heart and blood vessels.
Exogenous causes include:
- helicobacter pylori infection;
- eating large amounts of food, very hot, cold or spicy foods.
The above reasons provoke an increase in the production of hydrochloric acid, reduce the formation of bicarbonates in the pancreas, and the failure of the evacuation and motor function of the digestive tube.
In addition, the hereditary factor is not excluded.
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum
Signs of chronic gastroduodenitis occur in both children and adults. The clinical picture is as follows:
- distension and heaviness in the stomach;
- discomfort in the epigastric region, as well as pain syndrome that occurs an hour or an hour and a half after eating;
- heartburn;
- vomit;
- acid burp;
- diarrhea alternates with constipation;
- tongue overlaid with tan;
- mouth smells bad;
- excessive sweating;
- skin is pale;
- irritability;
- sleep disorder;
- dizziness;
- fatigue;
- pain when pressing on the epigastric region.
The period of exacerbation, which can last up to two months, and remissions alternate. During a relapse, the individual experiences pain for about ten days. They can also appear suddenly. The first attack of the disease appears unexpectedly and often on an empty stomach. In this case, a person feels cramping pains in the upper abdomen, which are accompanied by nausea and vomiting. In the case of incomplete remission, the signs of chronic gastroduodenitis subside.
Treatment measures
Treatment of the chronic form is quite long. All patients are required to adhere to a special diet. It is recommended to include grated porridge cooked in mushroom, meat or vegetable broth, any fermented milk products, bread products, with the exception of muffins, in the diet. Freshly squeezed juices are allowed. Food is steamed, stewed, baked, boiled. Food is taken up to five times a day in small portions in the form of heat.
In the acute period, bed rest must be maintained for eight days. Dietary nutrition reduces the intensity of pain and inflammation. Due to the fact that Helicobacter pylori is a common cause of infection, one of the following treatment regimens for signs of gastroduodenitis is selected:
- Metronidazole, bismuth preparations, an antibiotic from the tetracycline group. Course treatment up to two weeks.
- "Clarithromycin", "Omeprazole", "Metronidazole" - sevendays.
- "Amoxicillin", "Metronidazole", "Omeprazole" - from ten to fourteen days.
If there is an increase in acidity, then medicines such as:
- Cimetidine, Famotidine, Ranitidine.
- Rabeprozol, Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole.
- Bismuth sucralfate.
- Antacids.
- Prokinetics.
- Enzymes.
In case of exacerbation of chronic pathology, the following pharmacological groups of drugs are indicated:
- painkillers;
- enveloping the walls of the stomach;
- enzymes;
- antibiotics.
All patients are recommended balneological and sanatorium treatment in the resort area, physiotherapy, exercise therapy.
The use of herbal recipes is permitted only after an accurate diagnosis and consultation with the attending physician.
Gastroduodenitis in adolescents: signs, treatment
In the development of the disease, the main role is given to unbalanced and irregular nutrition, as well as infection with Helicobacter pylori. In addition, the likelihood of its occurrence increases with traumatic factors.
Primary diagnosis is difficult, as the clinic is similar to the symptoms of gastritis. Chronic gastroduodenitis is almost always accompanied by duodenal hormonal deficiency. As a result of a violation of the synthesis of hormonal substances, a failure occurs in many organs and systems of the body.
One of the most common signsgastroduodenitis in adults, as well as a symptom in adolescents, is a dull pain, aching in nature. It intensifies at night, and in addition makes itself felt in the case of a long interval between meals. With gastroduodenitis of a giardia nature, acute colic is observed in the navel. Pain syndrome in some cases is accompanied by redness of the face, tachycardia and increased sweating.
Unlike children, teenagers often suffer from heartburn. Nausea and vomiting that occur in the early morning hours or after a certain time after eating are also considered characteristic symptoms of the disease and wear for a long period. At the same time, drugs with antiemetic effect do not bring relief. Due to the violation of peristalsis, diarrhea and constipation occur. If a teenager has not taken food for a long period, then he begins to have headaches, they are called duodenal migraines. They are accompanied by nausea, dizziness. With gastroduodenitis in the chronic phase, there is a loss of appetite, frequent heartbeat, general weakness, chest pain, drowsiness.
Treatment measures are as follows:
- With exacerbation of signs of gastroduodenitis - bed rest for eight days. Diet food. In the first days of illness, table No. 1 is shown, then No. 5.
- During remission - good nutrition.
- When Helicobacter pylori is detected, medications are indicated to eliminate the infection.
- When acidity is above normal, drugs from the group of H2-blockers, Omeprazole and its derivatives are prescribed.
- Medicinaldrugs that normalize intestinal motility are recommended if necessary.
- Physiotherapy treatment.
- Therapeutic exercise under the guidance of an experienced medical instructor.
- Sanatorium treatment at the resort.
Prediction and prevention of signs of gastroduodenitis
Treatment of symptoms varies slightly between adults and children, and preventive measures are the same for all ages and genders. They consist in maintaining a he althy lifestyle, a balanced diet, adherence to the regimen, moderate physical activity, proper rest and sleep.
In addition, it is recommended to avoid overexertion, treat gastrointestinal diseases in a timely manner. Secondary prevention is aimed at preventing relapses, that is, regular therapeutic courses are shown during periods that are more likely to develop exacerbations (spring, autumn). During this period, you should adhere to dietary nutrition (table No. 5), drink mineral water, engage in physiotherapy exercises, and also undergo a course of physiotherapy so as not to aggravate the existing signs of gastroduodenitis. Symptoms in adults and children, for the most part, may not bother for a long time, but only under the condition of high-quality therapy. Otherwise, the course of the disease is severe and leads to a deterioration in the quality of life, and negatively affects the individual's ability to work.
