Penicillin antibiotics are active against some Gram-negative and most Gram-positive microorganisms. The antibacterial effect of such drugs is associated with their ability to disrupt the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.
Penicillin antibiotics are used for bacterial infections, including severe ones. One such effective drug is Carbenicillin. Instructions for the use of this tool, its indications for use, mechanism of action and other information are presented below.
Medicine dosage form and composition
According to the instructions for use, "Carbenicillin" goes on sale in the form of a powder intended for the preparation of an injection solution. The latter is used for intramuscular and intravenous administration.
Carbenicillin disodium s alt is a porous mass (powder) of white or almost white color. It is hygroscopic, readily soluble in water and slowly soluble in ethanol. Carbenicillin disodium s alt is insoluble in chloroform andbroadcast. Its molecular weight is 422.36.
The active component of the agent in question is a semi-synthetic antibiotic substance from the penicillin group. It is acid-resistant and is destroyed only by beta-lactamases. The molecular weight of carbenicillin is 378.40.
Mechanism of drug action
What is the antibiotic "Carbenicillin"? Such a broad-spectrum drug has bactericidal and antibacterial properties. Its active component is able to acetylate the membrane-bound enzyme transpeptidase, as well as block the synthesis and permeability of cell wall peptidoglycans, causing osmotic instability of bacteria.
According to the instructions for use, "Carbenicillin" is highly active against gram-negative microorganisms (indole-positive strains), as well as some anaerobic and gram-positive bacteria. At the same time, the medication in question does not in any way affect strains of staphylococci that destroy penicillinase.
It should also be noted that the use of this medicine for infections caused by gram-positive bacteria is inappropriate.
Pharmacokinetic features
In the process of using antibiotics with carbenicillin, it should be borne in mind that after intramuscular administration of the drug solution, the maximum concentration of the mentioned substance in the patient's blood is reached only after 60 minutes. About 50-60% of the drug binds to proteins. Hepenetrates all tissues and fluids, including bile, peritoneal fluid, pleural effusion, intestinal mucosa, middle ear fluid, lungs, gallbladder and genitals.
Biological transformation of carbenicillin in the liver is only a small part of it (about 2%). The half-life of the antibiotic substance is 1–1.5 hours. The drug is excreted mainly by the kidneys (unchanged, approximately 60-90%). This creates an excessively high concentration of carbenicillin in the urine.
The drug in question passes through the placenta and also passes into breast milk (in small concentrations).
Indications for prescription
In what cases can patients be prescribed drugs with such an active substance as carbenicillin? Indications for the use of such agents are bacterial infections that were caused by microorganisms sensitive to the specified substance. Usually the drug in question is prescribed for infections of the pelvic organs, joints and bones, urinary and biliary tract, peritonitis, sepsis, septicemia and pneumonia. Also, "Carbenicillin" effectively treats brain abscess, infectious and inflammatory diseases of soft tissues and skin, meningitis. Often it is used for purulent complications after surgical interventions, during childbirth, infected burns and otitis media.
Contraindications for prescribing
When is it forbidden to use the drug "Carbenicillin"? Contraindications to the use of such a medicationare:
- hypersensitivity to the active substance, including other beta-lactam antibiotics;
- arterial hypertension;
- chronic heart failure;
- bronchial asthma;
- enteritis;
- ulcerative colitis;
- eczema;
- angioedema;
- chronic renal failure;
- various bleeding (including history).
Instructions for the use of "Carbenicillin"
The dosage of the antibiotic in question is strictly individual. It should be determined only by a specialist, depending on the severity of the infection, the age of the patient and the sensitivity of the pathogen. For example, with an abscess of the brain when administered intravenously, a single dose of such a drug is 50-80 mg / kg (4-6 times a day). The duration of the treatment procedure with a syringe is 3-4 minutes, with a system - 30-40 minutes.
If the drug was prescribed for the treatment of urinary tract infections in women, then it should be borne in mind that if the renal system is impaired, the dose of carbenicillin is reduced, and the intervals between injections are increased.
Actions of secondary character
Like all antibiotics of the penicillin series, the drug "Carbenicillin" has its own side effects. These include the following:
- abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia, angioedema, neutropenia, conjunctivitis, leukopenia, epileptiform seizures, hemorrhagic syndrome;
- nausea, changes in potassium levelsand sodium in the blood, interstitial nephritis, vomiting, anaphylactic shock, elevated liver transaminases, dysbacteriosis, eosinophilia, pseudomembranous colitis;
- hypovitaminosis, urticaria, vaginal candidiasis, erythema, angioedema, rhinitis.
Also, while taking the medication in question, the patient may develop a superinfection caused by microorganisms resistant to carbenicillin (at high dosages). With intramuscular injection, local reactions such as soreness at the injection site often occur, and with intravenous injection, phlebitis occurs.
Drug Interactions
The drug "Carbenicillin" is able to enhance the effects of indirect and direct anticoagulants, as well as fibrinolytics and antiplatelet agents. Also, this tool increases the likelihood of adverse reactions when combined with NSAIDs.
"Carbenicillin" is absolutely incompatible with bacteriostatics (there is a bactericidal effect), tetracycline antibiotics, macrolides and chloramphenicol. In addition, this drug must not be mixed with aminoglycosides.
Important to know
Before parenteral use of the drug, an intradermal test is required for individual sensitivity (use 0.1 ml of the drug). The results of the test are evaluated after half an hour.
If allergic reactions develop during treatment, the medication should be discontinued and desensitizing therapy should be carried out.
Antibiotic "Carbenicillin" is able to increase the timebleeding.
When administered intravenously, serum sodium and potassium ion levels and bleeding periods may be required.
When intramuscularly administering an antibiotic agent, do not inject it into the same place in an amount of more than 2 g.
