Analgin is perhaps the most famous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It effectively eliminates pain of a muscular and nervous nature, and also brings down the temperature.
But can this drug be harmful? Can an overdose of analgin occur? And what is the danger of consuming too much of the drug? These questions are of interest to many, so it's worth answering them now.
Composition and mechanism of action
I would like to start with this. The composition of analgin is simple, it includes only one active ingredient - metamizole sodium, which is a powerful analgesic and antipyretic belonging to the group of pyrazolones.
Also in the tablet preparation there are auxiliary, pharmacologically neutral substances - powdered sugar, potato starch, talc and calcium stearate. The drug, produced in ampoules, contains only metamizole sodium.
What is the mechanism of action of analgin? This drug reduces the formation of bradykinins, free radicals, some prostaglandins and endoperoxides. It also inhibits lipid peroxidation and has an inhibitory effect on the activity of cyclooxygenase. In addition, the tool increases the threshold of excitability and blocks pain impulses. They simply do not pass through the Burdakh and Gaulle bundles.
When does the drug help?
Indications for the use of analgin are also worth listing. This drug can help if a person is experiencing any of the following:
- Toothache and headache.
- Biliary and renal colic.
- Pain from burns, injuries.
- Myalgia, neuralgia, menalgia.
- Pain after surgery.
- Fever.
- High temperature unresponsive to other measures.
- Chronic or acute intense pain, in which other therapeutic measures are impossible.
It is important to note that the introduction of the drug parenterally is indicated only if it is impossible to do it enterally (through the mouth).
Causes of an overdose of analgin
And they should be noted with attention. As a rule, drug poisoning is possible for the following reasons:
- Medical abuse for chronic pain caused by some long-term illness.
- Taking the drug in violation of the functioning of the kidneys and liver.
- Sharing pills withdrugs belonging to the group of barbiturates. These include Anaprilin, Codeine, and many other antihistamines. They enhance the action of analgin. So the use of medicines, even in therapeutic doses, will provoke intoxication.
Therefore, before using this popular anti-inflammatory drug, you should consult your doctor.
Recommendations for use
In order to prevent poisoning with analgin, it is necessary to study the instructions for the drug. Although it says that the dosage depends on the intensity of fever and pain, this does not mean that you can take 5 tablets at once and be calm about your he alth.
Therefore, it is important to remember the information regarding the recommended and maximum dosage. According to the instructions for analgin, it is:
- For children from 10 to 14 years old weighing from 32 to 53 kg - 1 tablet once and 4 - maximum.
- For adults and adolescents over 15 years of age and weighing over 53 kg - 1-2 tablets at a time and up to 8 maximum.
In no case should you take several pieces at once for the sake of a faster effect. Tablets begin to act 30-60 minutes after ingestion. If the drug was administered parenterally, the pain will begin to subside faster.
By the way, if you decide to give an injection, you need to focus on the following recommendations: for children - 500-2000 mg, for adults - 1000-4000 mg.
Symptoms
The following symptoms indicate an overdose of analgin:
- General weakness.
- Dizziness.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Heaviness in the head.
- Tinnitus.
- Tachycardia.
- Psychomotor agitation.
- Pale skin.
- Hypothermia.
In severe cases, the consequence of an overdose of dipyrone is convulsions that cover the respiratory muscles, as well as red or bright pink urine. Practice knows cases of cyanosis and subsequent immersion in a coma, reaching 4-5 points on the Glasgow scale.
Long-term use of the drug in large quantities leads to inhibition of hematopoiesis processes. This results in granulocytopenia (a decrease in granulocytes in the blood) and agranulocytosis (a decrease in the number of white blood cells).
There are also problems with the gastrointestinal tract - gastritis, ulcers of the intestines and stomach, violations of the processes of production of hydrochloric acid. This is manifested by the following symptoms:
- Burp.
- Heartburn.
- Discomfort in the epigastric region.
- Bloating.
- Indigestion.
- Hunger pain with ulcers.
- Gastrointestinal bleeding.
It should also be noted that analgin poisoning leads to the development of allergic reactions. They can occur in different forms - hives, allergic edema, or even anaphylactic shock.
Consequences
And it is necessary to tell about them, since we are talking about an overdose of analgin. First of all, it should be noted that this druginflicts a severe blow to the vessels, liver, kidneys, circulatory system and lungs (in some cases).
In the blood, the number of platelets and leukocytes is sharply reduced. As a result, the immune system weakens, and the body ceases to hold back microscopic abodes. Because of this, inflammation of the mucous membranes and tissue necrosis occurs, ulcers begin to form in the intestines and stomach..
The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is also affected, which leads to tonsillitis, inflammation of the gums. In the lungs, bronchi, trachea, and even in the urinary tract, lesions also form.
In severe cases, due to a decrease in platelets, bleeding is possible. Also often develop bronchitis, tracheitis and pharyngitis, not amenable to treatment. In parallel, there is a decrease in urination. If you pass urine for analysis, accumulations of bacteria and protein will be found in it.
But, perhaps, one of the most serious consequences of an overdose of analgin is liver poisoning. This is evidenced by yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, itching and accumulation of bilirubin in the blood.
First Aid
The indications for the use of analgin, the symptoms of drug poisoning and the consequences have already been described above. Now we need to talk about how to act in case of poisoning.
Before the arrival of the ambulance, which must first be called, you will have to do a gastric lavage - drink about half a liter of water and provoke vomiting. Repeat the action several times.
If a person's consciousness is confused or completely absent, thismethod is not allowed. In this case, you need to lay the victim on his side and wait for the arrival of the doctors.
Treatment
It is carried out in stationary conditions. Treatment includes the following procedures:
- Forced diuresis. The patient is injected with 4-5 liters of plasma substitutes into the blood, as a result of which the volume of circulating blood increases. The kidneys begin to actively remove toxic substances from the body.
- Active detoxification through stool stimulation. A person is given a laxative or an enteric solution is injected into the stomach to flush the intestines.
- Therapy with adsorbents. Use activated charcoal or sodium hypochlorite.
- Hemodialysis. The patient's blood in severe poisoning is filtered through a semi-permeable membrane.
If the overdose is severe, resuscitation may be needed. They are carried out in case of lack of consciousness, convulsive syndrome, urinary and circulatory disorders and psychosomatic disorders.
If a person took 5-8 grams of the substance, and he was not given help in time, he may die.
