"Aspirin" is a drug that can be found in the home first aid kit in almost every family. The drug is cheap and helps to get rid of high temperature, it is also used for other conditions. But an available drug can be harmful to he alth if used without taking into account the instructions for use. Next, consider the mechanism of action of "Acetylsalicylic acid" and contraindications to the use of the drug.
Composition of the drug
The drug is produced in the form of tablets, which include the main active ingredient acetylsalicylic acid in the amount of 500 mg. Available as optional components:
- Potato starch.
- Silicon dioxide.
- Stearic acid.
- Citric acid.
- Talc.
Depending on age and condition, the doctor recommends the necessary dosage and regimentherapy.
Pharmacology
Given the properties of "Acetylsalicylic acid", the drug can be attributed to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which also have antipyretic and analgesic effects. The active substance inhibits the cyclooxygenase of enzymes that are involved in the production of prostaglandins.
It also has the following pharmacological action "Acetylsalicylic acid" - it blocks the synthesis of thromboxane A2 in platelets and inhibits their aggregation, which allows the drug to be used in certain cardiovascular diseases.
The ability of the drug to reduce fever is based on the effect on the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus. The mechanism of implementation of the analgesic action of "Acetylsalicylic acid" is associated with the impact on the centers of pain sensitivity in the central nervous system.
After ingestion, the drug is rapidly absorbed, and the maximum plasma concentration is reached after 20 minutes. Salicylates easily penetrate into all tissues and body fluids. A small amount can be found in brain tissue, in breast milk.
Metabolism of the drug occurs in the liver and depends on the dosage taken and the activity of the enzymes working in this organ. If the medicine is taken in small doses, then excretion from the body is carried out in 2-3 hours, if the dose of "Acetylsalicylic acid" is high, then the half-life will take up to 15 hours.
Indications for use
Many are interested in what helps "Acetylsalicylic acid". Indications for the use of the drug are as follows:
- Copes with pain syndrome of mild to moderate intensity, therefore it is recommended to take it under the following conditions: headache, toothache, soreness due to muscle spasm, neuralgia, migraine.
- The mechanism of action of "Acetylsalicylic acid" provides a decrease in high temperature, so its use is effective for colds, infections.
- Rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis.
- As a prophylactic for heart attacks, thrombosis, ischemic circulatory disorders in the brain.
- What else do you need "Acetylsalicylic acid" for? It is prescribed if there is a need to develop a stable tolerance to NSAIDs in the presence of aspirin asthma.
"Acetylsalicylic acid" indications are extensive, but the doctor should prescribe the drug. Self-medication is fraught with serious consequences.
Therapy regimen and dosage
Depending on the patient's condition and existing pathologies, tablets are prescribed in different dosages, but there is one general recommendation. The drug should be taken only after meals, you can drink water, milk or mineral water with an alkaline environment.
Standard dosage for adult patients ranges from 500 mg to 1 gram of the drug up to 3-4 times a day. You can take no more than 2 tablets at a time. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 3 grams.
Depending on the indications, the dosage and regimen of therapy maydiffer:
- To prevent platelets from sticking together, "Acetylsalicylic acid" is prescribed 0.5 tablets once a day for 3-4 months.
- After a heart attack and to prevent it, it is recommended to take 250 mg of the drug.
- In the presence of cerebrovascular accidents or thromboembolism, it is necessary to start taking half a tablet a day and gradually increase the dose to 1 gram.
Even if you know exactly what Acetylsalicylic Acid helps with, you should take it only according to the scheme prescribed by your doctor and at the recommended dosage.
"Aspirin" to improve blood quality
How to take "Acetylsalicylic acid" to thin the blood? It is important to understand that the drug will give a positive effect only with long-term use. If you need to quickly restore the consistency of the blood, then it is recommended to take one tablet once a day.
For preventive purposes, the dosage is a quarter of a tablet. "Acetylsalicylic acid" to reduce blood density should be drunk before bedtime, as the risk of blood clots increases at night. But it is not recommended to do this on an empty stomach, since the active substance of the drug irritates the mucous membrane, which can provoke an exacerbation of peptic ulcer.
The tablet must be sucked and washed down with plenty of liquid. Do not increase the dosage prescribed by your doctor. Another nuance: "Aspirin" should become a dailymedicine, as it helps to avoid serious complications of cardiovascular diseases that develop in old age.
Drug in childhood
You can often hear from doctors that medicine is forbidden to give to children. This is especially true for bringing down high temperatures during colds. But the instructions for use for "Acetylsalicylic acid" for children recommend the following dosages:
- If the baby is 2-3 years old, then the dosage should not exceed 100 mg per day.
- At the age of 4-6 years, the dose can be increased to 200 mg per day.
- Children 7-9 years old can be given no more than 300 mg per day.
- Those who have reached the age of 12 years, the daily dose is half a tablet of the drug.
This dosage of "Acetylsalicylic acid" in the instructions for use for children is designed for an average baby, but you must always take into account the characteristics of the child's body, the course of the pathology and the weight of the child. The maximum amount of the active substance should not exceed 30 mg per kilogram of body weight.
If you believe the information in the instructions, then the drug is forbidden to give to babies who are not yet two years old. Many pediatricians generally do not recommend its use in pediatric therapy. Now there are a large number of medicines for babies that can be used from birth.
Why are pediatricians so opposed to Aspirin? This can be explained by the following points:
- Active substancethe drug acts on the children's body quite aggressively.
- High chance of developing Reye's syndrome. In this condition, brain tissue is damaged by toxic substances, kidney and liver failure develops.
In some cases, complications associated with taking "Acetylsalicylic acid" may be fatal. The likelihood of developing Reye's syndrome is low, but it remains, and where is the guarantee that complications will bypass your baby? It is better not to take risks and use drugs intended for children and less safe.
When not recommended to take Aspirin
There are several categorical contraindications to the use of "Acetylsalicylic acid". The effect on the body when ignoring the prohibitions on treatment can be unpredictable. The following pathologies and conditions fall into the group of absolute contraindications:
- Having aspirin asthma.
- Exacerbation of ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Bleeding in the stomach or intestines.
- Vitamin K deficiency.
- Hemophilia Diagnosis.
- Deviations in the work of the liver and kidneys.
- Aortic dissection.
- Hemorrhagic diathesis.
- During treatment with Methotrexate.
- Arthritis and gout.
- Period of bearing a baby.
- Breastfeeding baby.
- High blood pressure.
- Reye Syndrome.
- There was a history of reaction to Aspirin in the form of rashes and redness on the skin.
Undesirable to use"Acetylsalicylic acid" in the presence of hypersensitivity to the drug. Doctors do not recommend taking the drug in childhood and adolescence during the flu or chickenpox, as well as after past illnesses. The mechanism of action of "Acetylsalicylic acid" can provoke the development of an acute form of hepatic encephalopathy.
Negative effects of therapy
If you do not take into account contraindications and exceed the recommended dosage, you can expect the following side effects:
- Nausea.
- Pain in the stomach.
- Lack of appetite.
- Allergic manifestations in the form of redness and rashes.
- Thrombocytopenia.
- Development of ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Renal or liver failure.
If you take "Aspirin" for a long time, you may encounter the following consequences:
- Hearing loss.
- Impaired vision.
- Dizziness.
- Headache.
- Vomiting.
- Gastrointestinal bleeding.
If undesirable consequences appear, therapy with "Acetylsalicylic acid" must be stopped and a replacement should be selected with the doctor.
Manifestations of overdose
If therapy is prolonged or proceeds with the use of high doses of the drug, then the following overdose symptoms may be observed:
- Development of salicylism with general malaise, fever, nausea and vomiting.
- Intoxication of the body can be manifested by convulsions, coma, stupor.
- Development of pulmonary edema.
- Kidney failure.
- Dehydration.
When the first symptoms of an overdose appear, the patient must be sent to the hospital.
Depending on the severity of the patient's condition, appoint:
- Introduction of "Sodium lactate", "Sodium bicarbonate" solution.
- If the acidity of the urine reaches 7.5-8.0, and the plasma concentration of salicylates is more than 300 mg/l in infants and 500 mg/l in adults, treatment with alkaline diuretics is required.
- Severe intoxication requires hemodialysis.
As the patient's condition improves, they are discharged home.
The use of "Aspirin" in cosmetology
The mechanism of action of "Acetylsalicylic acid" ensures its use in the cosmetology industry. The Aspirin mask has the following effects:
- Reduces inflammation.
- Reduces puffiness.
- Reduces redness of the skin.
- Clears clogged pores.
- Removes the top dead layer of the epidermis.
- Dries out skin.
Often cosmetologists recommend using "Acetylsalicylic acid" to fight acne. To do this, the tablet is soaked a little in water and the gruel is applied to problem areas. You can add the drug to the face mask.
You can combine the drug with honey or lemon juice. For cooking you need:
- Crush 6 Aspirins.
- Add freshly squeezed juicelemon.
- Stir until smooth.
- Apply to pimples and leave to dry.
If honey is used, then 3 tablets should be moistened with water, and after dissolving them, add a teaspoon of beekeeping product.
Some important instructions for taking the drug
To avoid serious consequences, the following points must be considered during therapy:
- With extreme caution, take "Acetylsalicylic acid" in the presence of pathologies of the liver and kidneys, as well as in bronchial asthma, ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Consider before prescribing the drug if there is increased bleeding or anticoagulant therapy.
- Care must be taken with the medicine for chronic heart failure in decompensated form.
- "Aspirin" reduces the excretion of uric acid, which can provoke an attack of gout, especially if there is a predisposition to it.
- Long-term drug therapy should only be carried out under the supervision of a doctor and with control of hemoglobin levels.
- To stop inflammation, do not take more than 5-8 grams per day, as therapy can provoke negative consequences from the gastrointestinal tract.
- If you have surgery, then you need to stop taking Aspirin in a week.
- Long-term treatment requires regular blood and fecal occult blood tests.
Combining medication with other drugs
Starting taking "Acetylsalicylic acid", it is important to consider that it canreact differently when combined with other drugs:
- "Aspirin" enhances the toxic effects of "Methotrexate" on the body.
- Increases the effect of taking NSAIDs, analgesics, anticoagulants, Heparin, sulfonamides, Triiodothyronine, Insulin.
- The active substance of the drug reduces the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs, uricosuric drugs, diuretics, Captopril.
- Concomitant use with glucocorticosteroids increases the likelihood of bleeding in the stomach.
- Reduces the concentration of Piroxicam, Indomethacin.
- Absorption of "Aspirin" worsens when taking antacids, "Griseofulvin".
- Caffeine increases the absorption of "Acetylsalicylic acid".
- Concomitant use with gold preparations is fraught with liver damage.
- Ginkgo biloba extract can cause iris hemorrhage if Aspirin is also taken.
- "Metoprolol" increases the concentration of the active substance in the blood plasma, which may increase the risk of intoxication.
Before you start taking Aspirin, be sure to inform your doctor about the drugs that are currently being taken.
Drug analogues
You can replace the drug with drugs that contain acetylsalicylic acid as an active or additional component. The following products fall into this category:
- Asprovit.
- Aspivatrin.
- "Fluspirin".
- Taspir.
Select analoguebetter on the recommendation of the attending physician, who will take into account the patient's condition, the presence of concomitant pathologies.
Taking any drug can cause harm if you do not follow the dosage, regimen and neglect contraindications.
