Pyelonephritis is a non-specific bacterial inflammation of the kidneys. At the time of exacerbation of this disease, as well as in the process of recovery, a violation of urination is detected. In addition to the fact that the urge to go to the toilet can be frequent, the color and composition of the urine changes. It is also possible involuntary pouring out of urine, pain and burning in the area of the urinary canals. Pyelonephritis according to ICD-10 has been assigned the code N10-N11.
Signs
The first signs of pyelonephritis in children are very characteristic. They consist in the following manifestations:
- frequent urge to urinate even if the bladder is not full;
- Involuntary urinary incontinence may occur;
- during urination, painful sensations begin, the process itself becomes very difficult;
- urine can be blood-streaked and have an unpleasant, often putrid odor.
Another important sign is the child's temperature of 38.5. If she doesn'taccompanied by a runny nose and sore throat, it may well indicate kidney disease. These are signs that a microbial-inflammatory process dangerous for he alth is taking place in the child's body, and it is progressing.
Sharp shape
General condition worsening:
- All the symptoms of poisoning of the body appear: the child has a temperature of 38.5. Sometimes it can be very high, even above 40 degrees, sweating, chills, blackout, loss of orientation in space, headache, frequent vomiting and nausea appear.
- Pain in the lumbar region or in the side. They may also appear in other places. If a child is younger, pain is not particularly clearly localized, unlike older children and adolescents.
Acute pyelonephritis in children progresses quite quickly, and the intensity increases over several days, so treatment cannot be postponed.
Chronic form
If pyelonephritis has a chronic form, then the course of the disease is slightly different. In this case, the symptoms are erased, which makes diagnosis too difficult, and therefore is the cause of many complications later. Urinalysis will help identify the disease.
But the chronic form can be recognized by the following features:
- Child gets tired quickly. Even after a short physical exertion, he feels weak and wants to rest, refuses to eat.
- The skin has a noticeablepallor.
- Child has pain in the lumbar region.
- Lethargy appears, the child moves little, becomes restless and irritable.
At the first manifestations of the disease, it is necessary to consult your doctor, as this disease, developing rapidly, can lead to death.
Baby symptoms
In an infant who cannot complain of well-being, the presence of pyelonephritis can be recognized by paying attention to the following symptoms:
- baby completely refuses breast;
- regurgitation increased;
- nausea and gag reflex appear;
- intestinal disorder began (this symptom differs mainly in loose stools);
- baby's urination is constantly accompanied by crying, anxiety;
- urination occurs in very small portions;
- urine itself noticeably smells unpleasant, its color may change;
- body temperature is elevated and can reach high values, febrile manifestations occur;
- increased drowsiness appears;
- the younger the baby is, the faster the body weight decreases (this pathology is especially noticeable if the temperature persists);
- the baby becomes restless, whiny, refuses to play, is constantly naughty.
Additional symptoms
The baby may also have symptoms that do not indicate an inflammatory process in the kidneys. This happens due to the fact thatthe pathogenic microflora that caused pyelonephritis is actively circulating in the blood.
Therefore, there may be such symptoms:
- The body temperature drops to a critically low value. But it can also rise up with the same degree of criticality.
- The skin turns yellow.
- Swelling occurs in children.
- In infants-boys, all signs of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia are detected. But girls can also have such conditions.
- The child clearly has developmental delays.
Impaired urination
Violation of urination in a child with pyelonephritis occurs in the following cases:
- If there were difficulties during childbirth or the mother suffered from this disease.
- Baby is bottle fed.
- Baby's body lacks vitamins and minerals.
- The disease is inherited.
Chronic diseases of the ENT organs cause the presence of harmful microbes in the body. Factors such as impaired urination, the detection of parasites in the body of a child, hypothermia of the body, lead to the disease pyelonephritis.
This disease in its original form manifests itself in violation of urination, then there is an abnormal development of the kidneys. This disease can affect both one kidney and two at the same time, the second option is dangerous for the body. In order to accurately diagnose, ultrasound is necessary for pyelonephritis in children. In addition to incontinence, this disease can causestasis of urine, in which all harmful substances and fluid are not excreted from the body.
Urine color
Not only a general laboratory analysis of urine can indicate the development of pyelonephritis, but also its color. However, with a small development of the disease in the urine, there are no visually significant changes.
It is necessary to pay attention to the color of urine in pyelonephritis in a child. In more severe stages, you can visually notice changes in urine.
Urine with signs of pyelonephritis in a child:
- Turns to a very light yellow color when chronic kidney failure occurs.
- Becomes cloudy and foul-smelling if a urinary tract infection is present. Along the way, the temperature rises, there are pains in the lower back.
- Turns milky when there is a large accumulation of pus in it.
- Streaked with blood or becomes like the color of meat slops. Accompanied by frequent urination. Red color occurs with gross hematuria, pink indicates that stones or sand have appeared in the kidneys.
- Muddy. Especially if it's a little off. Flakes and other pathological impurities appear in it.
- Colorless - a dangerous symptom, as the kidneys have stopped working. Urine also becomes thick in pyelonephritis due to the presence of various substances.
Medicated treatment
In the treatment of signs of pyelonephritis in a child, a course of antibiotics is used,it is prescribed by a doctor after the little patient has passed all the necessary tests. Of the drugs of this spectrum of action, Cefodox, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime are mainly prescribed. Before using the prescribed medicine, it is necessary to test for allergic reactions and the tolerance of this drug by the child's body. After the samples are made, the drug is administered to the body in the form of injections into a muscle or vein. The course of treatment with this drug lasts almost a month, but the difference with other methods of therapy is that every seven or ten days one antibiotic is changed to another, and so on until the end of the course of treatment.
Uroantiseptics are prescribed to destroy the bacteria inside the renal ducts, these drugs completely clear the renal tracts and stop the growth of bacteria. These are medicines such as Nevigramon, Palin and Nitroxoline. Any of these drugs must be taken within a week, in difficult cases, two weeks. After this course is completed, it is necessary to appoint the patient "Canephron", a course of one or two months. Also, with signs of pyelonephritis in a child, you can drink tea from the kidney collection and lingonberry leaf.
If the patient has a fever, you need to drink Paracetamol, Panadol, take antipyretic suppositories and Ibuprofen. If a small patient is worried about severe pain, then you need a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as Ortofen and Voltaren . This type of treatmentis carried out for a month in a hospital, as the child needs attentive care and medication by the hour.
"Flemoclav Solutab" - according to reviews, a very good medicine that has few side effects. But its activity is useless if pyelonephritis is caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Then aminoglycosides are prescribed, but due to their enormous toxicity, they are not used in children. If the patient is on an outpatient basis, ciprofloxacin must be used, while in the case of inpatient treatment, trovafloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, sitafloxacin are prescribed in the hospital.
Co-trimaxazole is effective in the fight against positive and negative microflora, with chlamydia and microplasma, but it has many contraindications, therefore vitamin B injections are prescribed simultaneously with this antibiotic6..
Nitrofurans are very nephrotoxic and have many side effects, to remove this factor, B vitamins are pierced with them. These drugs can only be taken orally, they are now prescribed very rarely.
If the disease does not progress and has a mild form in the form of chronic symptoms and sometimes in the form of an exacerbation, doctors recommend taking natural medicines such as Urolesan, Canephron and Fitolizin. These medicines have practically no side effects, but they are helpless in the purulent form of this disease.
In a severe form of the disease, when both kidneys are inflamed, rheosorbilact should be used to remove intoxication from the body, it is injected into a vein. Also inIn such cases, Enterosgel is prescribed, but it must be taken orally and three hours after taking medications, since it removes their effect on the body. In the form of an anti-inflammatory drug, you need to use "Nimesulide", drink for seven days.
When taking drugs that remove urine from the body, such as Veroshpiron, Lasix and Furosemide, at the same time you need to drink Asparkam or Panangin, which renew the presence of potassium in the body. After the patient is discharged from the hospital, a pediatrician observes him for a month, prescribes treatment or monitors the implementation of the prescribed course of therapy. In addition, during the same time, urine is taken for analysis and an ultrasound of the kidneys is done. If patients have acute and chronic forms of the disease, then they are periodically prescribed a course of antibiotics and uroseptics, monthly for two weeks.
Folk treatment
Folk remedies are effective at any time of the year. To improve the treatment of pyelonephritis, folk remedies are used. The most important thing is to pick them up properly.
Teas and infusions:
- Fig. Boil figs in milk for 20 minutes. Drink two to three glasses a day.
- Cowberry tea as a prophylaxis, so that there is no exacerbation. Lingonberry leaves (one tablespoon) should be poured with one glass of boiling water. Boil for 5-10 minutes, filter through cheesecloth or bandage. Use two or three tbsp. l. three or four times a day.
- Elecampane. Grind elecampane root and mix with honey,calculation of approximately 0.5 liters per glass of root. Consume twice a day.
- Parsley root. You need to take two parsley roots, about seven to eight millimeters, chop and put in a saucepan, pour 500 milliliters of water and 500 milliliters of milk. Boil and cool. Drink half a glass three times a day. You can drink for a month.
- Aspen bark. One st. l. Pour the crushed bark into a glass container and pour about 1 cup of boiling water, cook for ten minutes. After filtering and cooling. Drink 100 grams 3 times a day.
- Propolis. Dry 10 grams of propolis well and grind to a powder. Melt 100 g of sunflower oil and then mix the two products, stir well until smooth. Next, close the mass and insist 20 minutes. Take 1 teaspoon of the mixture 3 times an hour before meals.
- Oats. 200 g of oats should be boiled in 1 liter of milk until the liquid is about half reduced. Milk drink a quarter cup three times a day.
- Yarrow. 2 tsp grind and then pour one glass of hot water. Then insist for one hour. Drink the entire infusion in a day.
- Pine nuts. One glass of shell, but only young, pour 500 ml of vodka and leave to infuse in a dark place for three days. Use inside 1 tbsp. l. before meals 3 times a day. For each serving, you need to cook with new nuts.
- Highlander bird, also called knotweed, bird buckwheat. Rinse the grass leaves very well under running water, then grind in a meat grinder or beat in a blender. The resulting mixturedilute with purified water so that the slurry comes out like a puree, and then insist for 5 minutes. Then squeeze the grass, squeeze out all the juice. The solution should be taken half a cup before meals. This remedy is very effective in the prevention and treatment of cystitis and pyelonephritis.
- Kidney tea. Bearberry leaves, calamus, licorice root - mix all these ingredients and pour at the rate of 0.5 liters of water per 3 tsp. mixture, then boil for five minutes. The solution cools, filter. Take a glass half an hour before meals, three times a day for a couple of months.
Juices:
- Cranberries. Survive fresh cranberry juice and consume throughout the day.
- Sea buckthorn or viburnum. Eat fresh berries throughout the day, mixed with honey. 1 st. l. up to three times a day.
- Rowan and potatoes. Squeeze juice from mountain ash and mix with potato juice in an equal dose. Leave for an hour. Drink on an empty stomach in the morning for half a glass.
Prevention
There is a prevention of complications of pyelonephritis in children, which helps to avoid the disease in childhood. It aims to eliminate those factors that can contribute to the occurrence of infections in the urinary system:
- The child must observe hygiene standards and skills, and the task of parents is to teach him this.
- It is necessary to ensure that the child periodically empties the bladder, did not tolerate when it was time to go to the toilet.
- Children should drink enough.
- It is necessary to create comfortable conditions for the child,so that there are no drafts in the room and the correct temperature regime is observed.
- Dangerous for the kidneys hypothermia.
- You need a balanced diet. The danger is s alty, smoked and fried foods.
- You should immediately treat any inflammatory process that can bring complications to the kidneys. First of all, it is influenza and tonsillitis. Periodic trips to the dentist and timely treatment of dental diseases are necessary. If there are chronic diseases, they should be monitored by a pediatrician.
- It is necessary to constantly strengthen the immune system with the help of a balanced diet with the presence of foods containing vitamins and trace elements, to create the correct sleep and rest regimen for the child.
- Provide spa treatment.
The article described the symptoms and treatment of pyelonephritis (ICD-10 code N10-N11).
