In recent years, hypertension has become a common disease not only among the elderly, but also among the young. The danger of high blood pressure is that the vessels and the heart are damaged. And in the future, serious consequences cannot be ruled out - heart attack, stroke, heart, kidney failure, angina pectoris. To prevent such dangerous pathologies allows regular maintenance of pressure within the normal range. Without medication, especially in severe hypertension, this is not always possible. Only effective drugs to lower blood pressure can help.
Causes of hypertension
The pharmaceutical industry has developed a variety of drugs to lower blood pressure. The list of modern drugs is quite voluminous. However, remember that youchoosing the necessary funds is extremely risky.
When prescribing drugs to lower blood pressure, the doctor must take into account the reasons for the increase in pressure. To do this, before choosing the necessary means, a complete examination will be carried out. In addition, a specific treatment regimen is often used, which includes the appointment of several drugs or combination pills at once.
The causes of hypertension can be quite varied. In medicine, there is the following division of this pathology:
- Essential hypertension. The disease occurs on its own. Sources of pathology can be malnutrition, heredity, bad habits, lifestyle.
- Symptomatic hypertension. Pathology manifests itself against the background of many diseases. In this case, high blood pressure is a symptom of a serious illness, for example, kidney disease, atherosclerosis, pathologies of the nervous system.
For each situation, their own drugs are prescribed to lower blood pressure. That is why it is important to correctly diagnose and understand why it rises.
Fast-acting drugs
No one is immune from a hypertensive crisis. It is extremely important to know which medicines can lower high blood pressure. The following medications are recommended today:
- "Dibazol" ("Gliofen").
- Clonidine (Clonidine).
- Arfonad (Trimetafan).
- "Sodium Nitroprusside".
- Pentamine.
- "Magnesium sulfate" (or "Magnesia").
- Uregit.
- Furosemide (Lasix).
- Aminazin (Chlorpromazine).
- "Fentolamine".
- "Nifedipin" ("Kordafen", "Kordaflex", "Adalat", "Kordipin", "Fenigidin", "Nifedicap").
- Verapamil (Isoptin, Finoptin, Verogalide).
- "Anaprilin" ("Obzidan").
Each of the above drugs has its own properties that are effective for a specific pathology or condition. Therefore, on an individual basis, the doctor selects which medicines are best to reduce high blood pressure.
Classification of medicines
To understand which drugs reduce blood pressure, consider two groups of drugs:
1. First line funds. These are the drugs of choice that are prescribed to most hypertensive patients. Such drugs are divided into 5 groups:
- Diuretics (better known as diuretics). This category of drugs includes Hypothiazid, Indap, Arifon, Furosemide, Lasix, Trifas, Torsid, Veroshpiron, Triamteren.
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors). Representatives of this class are Enalapril, Berlipril, Renitek, Enap, Captopril, Quinapril, Akkupro, Lisinopril, Lopril, Vitopril, Diroton, Moexipril, Moex, Perindopril, Prestarium.
- Angiotensin II receptor inhibitors. These are drugs such as Irbesartan, Irbetan, Aprovel, Converium, Candesartan, Kasark, Candesar, Losartan, Lorista,Lozap.
- Calcium antagonists. The following agents are popular: Verapamil, Finoptin, Veratard, Isoptin, Diltiazem, Diacordin, Aldizem, Amlodipine, Azomex, Nifedipine, Amlo, Agen”, “Felodipine”, “Norvask”.
- β-blockers (β-blockers). This class includes the drugs Atenolol, Atenol, Tenobene, Tenolol, Nebivolol, Nebilet, Nebival, Nebilong, Anaprilin, Coriol, Medocardil.
2. Second line drugs. These are also drugs that lower blood pressure. But they are in demand in the long-term treatment of essential hypertension. Medicines are low cost and can be recommended to pregnant women. These include:
- α2-agonists of the central action. These are the following drugs: Clonidine, Clonidine, Methyldopa, Dopegyt.
- Rauwolfia alkaloids. This group includes the drugs "Reserpine", "Raunatin".
- α-blockers. The main representatives of the class are the drugs Prazosin, Doxazosin, Zokson, Kardura, Terazosin, Alfater, Kornam, Fentolamine.
- Vasodilators of direct action. This is a class that includes the following agents: Bendazol, Dibazol, Hydralazine, Apressin.
Let's look at modern blood pressure lowering agents that are most in demand for the treatment of hypertension.
Drug "Losartan"
The drug in pharmacology is called "Lorista". It causes blockage of the receptorangiotensin II, which is responsible for vasoconstriction. The medicine has a fairly long effect on the body - up to 24 hours.
For young people, the dosage should be selected very carefully. If you combine other drugs to lower blood pressure with the medicine "Lorista", then the result will be more effective. When combined with diuretics, the patient may increase the amount of potassium in the blood.
The drug is most in demand for people of age, because it is distinguished by a mild effect. The medicine "Lorista" can be prescribed during pregnancy, during the lactation period.
Extremely carefully use this drug for people suffering from impaired liver function. They are advised to take the remedy in smaller dosages.
Drug "Verapamil"
A distinctive feature of the drug is a decrease in vascular tone and an increase in oxygen supply to the heart. The drug helps to stabilize the frequency of contractions of the organ and arterioles.
The drug "Verapamil" in case of an acute attack can be injected into the body intravenously. The dosage of the medicine depends on the degree of manifestation of the disease.
The drug is contraindicated in patients who have had an acute myocardial infarction.
Nifedipine
The tool is a representative of such a group as calcium antagonists. These blood pressure lowering drugs reduce vascular tone and improve oxygen supply to the body.
The drug "Nifedipine" is extremely effective in hypertension, provoked by pathologies of the adrenal glands and kidneys. The drug is able to have a beneficial effect on these organs and even stop the development of such a pathology as renal failure. Another advantage of this tool is the stimulation of blood flow to the spinal cord, the brain.
It is recommended to take the medicine while lying down with a tablet under the tongue.
With low blood pressure or heart failure, Nifedipine is categorically contraindicated.
Captopril medicine
The drug perfectly relieves the load of the heart, stimulates the effective functioning of the respiratory tract. In addition, it improves the blood supply to the kidneys.
This remedy can be given to newborns and diabetics as needed.
Combining Captopril with nitrates significantly enhances its effect on the body.
The medicine is not intended for patients diagnosed with a lack of platelets or white blood cells.
Enalapril drug
This drug is similar to Captopril in its effects on humans.
This drug should not be used by people with a lack of platelets, leukocytes in the blood. Also, Enalapril is not intended for patients suffering from renal insufficiency.
The drug "Methyldopa"
The drug normalizes high blood pressure, reduces the tone of arterioles. The tool is quite effective and at the same timesafe for pregnant women.
Methyldopa is not recommended for use in patients diagnosed with kidney failure.
Drug "Reserpine"
The drug is often prescribed in the early stages of hypertension. If you combine diuretics to lower blood pressure with Reserpine, then the beneficial effect on the body is greatly enhanced.
Pills are recommended to be taken after meals.
The medicine has a number of contraindications. The drug should not be used by patients who have a stomach ulcer. It is forbidden to prescribe this medicine for kidney sclerosis. The drug "Reserpine" is contraindicated for people suffering from bradycardia - a decrease in the frequency of heart fluctuations.
Drug "Indapamide"
This is an effective drug that affects the kidneys. It is structurally similar to a thiazide diuretic.
The required result of pressure stabilization can be obtained only a week after the start of taking the drug "Indapamide". And the maximum effect occurs after three months of regular use of the product.
It is unacceptable to use the medicine for children under 18 years of age. It is forbidden to use it during pregnancy, lactation. In addition, the tool has other contraindications. The drug is forbidden to use in violation of hepatic functions, gout, the presence of anuria. Do not use the drug "Indapamide" immediately after suffering a cerebrovascular accident.
MedicationPrestarium
The drug effectively normalizes high blood pressure. It promotes vasoconstriction and restoration of arterial elasticity. The use of this remedy allows you to restore metabolic processes in the heart, reduce the load on this organ.
After taking the drug, its hypotensive effect is felt after 4-6 hours. A month of regular use of the medicine allows you to completely stabilize the pressure.
Conclusion
The he alth of blood vessels and the heart must be taken care of from a young age. Remember that pathologies at an older age are the result of a lifestyle. When it comes to hypertension, the best thing is timely treatment under the guidance of an experienced doctor. Do not choose therapy on your own. After all, it is possible to answer the question of what are the best drugs that reduce blood pressure only after a complete diagnosis. Take care!
