Amoxicillin trihydrate is an antibiotic drug of the group of semi-synthetic penicillins. Has a wide spectrum of action. Very often, doctors prescribe this drug to their patients for a variety of infectious diseases. In this article, you will learn information from the instructions for use of amoxicillin trihydrate.
Composition and active ingredient
The drug is sold in the form of gelatin capsules with a red cap. Inside the capsules is a light gray granular powder.
Composition of one capsule: amoxicillin trihydrate - 573.9 mg, gelatin - up to 96 mg; capsule cap: titanium dioxide (E171) - 0.5 mg, dye "sunset" yellow (E110) - 0.13774 mg, azorubine (E122) - 0.1 mg; capsule body: titanium dioxide (E171) - 0.6 mg. Some pharmaceutical companies may also add lactose to the formula.
The price of amoxicillin trihydrate depends on the amount of activesubstances and mark-ups of the pharmacy chain. On average, a package of tablets will cost the buyer between 100 and 300 rubles.
Brief information about the active ingredient
The pharmacological precursor of amoxicillin trihydrate is ampicillin. Amoxicillin has a higher acid resistance, it is almost completely absorbed by oral administration. Alas, like the predecessor ampicillin, amoxicillin is quite hepatotoxic. The bioavailability index is not related to food intake, which means that the patient can take amoxicillin trihydrate tablets at any time convenient for him, and this will not affect absorption in any way.
In about 2 hours, the drug is completely absorbed in the intestines. 3 hours after ingestion, a consistently high concentration of the active substance can be observed in the blood. In the lower gastrointestinal tract, the concentration is low, because of this, the drug is not prescribed for the treatment of intestinal infections.
The active substance is almost completely destroyed by the action of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Therefore, it does not make sense to prescribe it for the treatment of diseases provoked by beta-lactamase-producing strains.
Pharmacological action
Amoxicillin trihydrate is an antibiotic of an extensive pharmacological group of semi-synthetic penicillins. Has a wide spectrum of action. According to its molecular formula, it is a partial analogue of ampicillin. This remedy is characterized by mild, but no lesseffective bactericidal action.
Exhibits activity against aerobic Gram-positive and aerobic Gram-negative bacteria.
Microorganisms and substances that produce penicillinase have shown resistance to the drug in laboratory studies.
When the antibiotic substances amoxicillin and ampicillin interact, it is characteristic that bacteria will have cross-resistance towards them.
Indications for use
The active substance perfectly passes the histohematic barrier. Delivers therapeutic concentrations quickly and effectively.
The drug is most effective in diseases of the infectious nature of the following body systems:
- urinary system;
- gastrointestinal tract (excluding the lower intestine);
- skin problems, infectious dermatitis, furunculosis;
- upper respiratory tract.
Often prescribed in the treatment of various forms of gonorrhea, salmonella, Lyme disease. With these ailments, it is unacceptable to self-medicate. The exact dosage of the drug can only be prescribed by the attending doctor after receiving the test results.
In severe infections, it is preferable to use amoxicillin trihydrate and clavulanic acid at the same time. It is acceptable to use both in tablet and injectable form.
Amoxicillin trihydrate for animals
The drug is used to treatlivestock and cats, dogs. For 40 years it has been actively used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of:
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of a bacterial nature - gastroenteritis, gastroenterocolitis;
- respiratory diseases - bronchitis, pneumonia in animals;
- after surgery for abscesses, various kinds of inflammation;
- infectious pathologies of the urinary system in animals (endometritis, urethritis, pyelonephritis);
- in the treatment of mastitis, leptospirosis, actinomycosis, parainfluenza and paratyphoid in pigs and cattle.
Instructions for the use of amoxicillin trihydrate for animals recommends the use of an injectable form of administration, since the tablet form is poorly absorbed by many representatives of the animal world.
Recommended dosages
The starting dosage for adults should not exceed 1500 mg (that's three 500 mg tablets) per day. Between doses of each capsule or tablet should not be less than 3 hours.
At the discretion of the attending physician in case of severe disease, the daily dose may be increased to 2 g of the drug.
In the acute course of gonorrhea, a double dose of the drug, 2 or 3 g at a time, is recommended. A day later, it is necessary to re-pass the tests to make sure that the therapy is effective.
In case of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, it is recommended to take 1 to 2 g per day. The duration of therapy depends on the severity of the symptoms and the conditionpatient he alth.
Salmonella carriage - from 1.5 to 2 g. Testing is constantly required to monitor the effectiveness of therapy.
Drug Interactions
Amoxicillin is able to stimulate the functionality of indirect anticoagulants. In parallel with this, it suppresses the intestinal microflora and reduces the prothrombin index.
Simultaneous administration of amoxicillin with bactericidal antibiotics leads to synergism; incompatible with bacteriostatic antibiotics.
Women taking oral hormonal contraceptives should note that when taken with amoxicillin, the chance of conception increases by 8%.
When the drug is taken simultaneously with alcohol tinctures, an increase in the sedative effect most often occurs. There have been cases of the development of coma with an overdose of amoxicillin while taking alcohol medicinal tinctures.
Contraindications
You should refrain from taking the drug in the presence of the following diseases:
- lymphocytic leukemia;
- infectious mononucleosis;
- allergic diathesis;
- respiratory viral infections;
- hypersensitivity to penicillins;
- bronchial asthma.
In case of liver failure, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, it is forbidden to take it together with clavulanic acid. Taking amoxicillin trihydrate alone for liver problemspossible only after a doctor's prescription.
Use by pregnant women
This antibiotic freely crosses the placental barrier. After a couple of days of admission, it already accumulates in the tissues of the embryo. Due to this apparent effect on the fetus, amoxicillin trihydrate is prescribed to pregnant women only in extreme cases. The expected benefit of treatment to the mother must outweigh the perceived risk to the unborn child.
Today, there are many more modern and safer antibiotics for women in the situation than this drug. There are no data on mutagenic and embiotoxic effects on the fetus - no one has conducted these studies.
In this regard, amoxicillin trihydrate during pregnancy in rare cases can still be prescribed to the patient, but the drug is classified as an effect on the fetus according to the FDA - B. This means that there were no reliable studies on the absence of a negative effect on human material done.
Treatment of children and adolescents with amoxicillin
Therapy is acceptable for children from 3 years of age. Suspension variants with a sweet taste (Amoxisar) should be preferred.
Caution should be used when treating children prone to allergic reactions. It is necessary to carefully study the list of contraindications in order to prevent deterioration of the condition. Let's take it together with drugs containingclavulanic acid.
The dosage of amoxicillin trihydrate for a child should be checked with the attending pediatrician.
Special Instructions
Start with low doses if patients have a pronounced tendency to allergic reactions. Perhaps the development of Quincke's edema, urticaria, itching, nausea. If allergic attacks have been previously recorded (not even to drugs), you should start taking it as carefully as possible.
Amoxicillin in combination with metronidazole should not be used in patients under 18 years of age.
In the presence of chronic hepatitis, hepatosis and cirrhotic liver disease, it is not recommended to take amoxicillin trihydrate. This is possible only in extreme situations when the patient's life is threatened and there are no antibacterial drugs with a lower toxic load on the liver and gallbladder.
At the background of combination therapy, it is not recommended to use ethanol. This increases the toxic load on the liver and increases the risk of an allergic reaction.
Analogues of the drug
Here are the most popular medicines in which amoxicillin trihydrate is the main active ingredient:
- "Amoxisar";
- "Grunamox";
- "Gonoform";
- "Amosin";
- "Ecoball".
Some of them are available in tablets and capsules for oral administration, some - in the form of suspensions or ampoules for injection. The principle of use and dosing in each case will be different.
Analogues of amoxicillin trihydrate are no worse than the original drug. The price difference is small. So it makes no sense to give preference to any one of them.
Doctors' opinion about this drug
Many therapists speak negatively about drugs based on amoxicillin trihydrate, considering them obsolete. They justify this point of view by the fact that many bacteria have long been resistant to its effects. Thus, taking high doses of a substance toxic to the liver only harms the body.
But most general practitioners and pediatricians continue to prescribe amoxicillin trihydrate based products to their patients. Often, clavulanic acid is prescribed in parallel in order to “finish off” the activity of bacteria that have resisted one amoxicillin.
