The rehabilitation potential of a disabled person is a characteristic of the biological, energy state of the body, from which it follows how effectively various organs and systems that are important in the rehabilitation process function. Evaluated from the point of view of both biology, anatomy, and medical science. The concept is complex, has several significant aspects. Let's analyze them in more detail.
What is it about?
Assessing the rehabilitation potential of a person, doctors pay attention to genetic prerequisites and specific constitutional features that determine the capabilities of a particular organism. From them it is possible to draw a conclusion about the hereditary factor and its influence on the state of he alth. Attention is paid to gender, age characteristics, some features of the structure and functioning of the body.
Assessment of the rehabilitation potential obliges to analyze the possibilities available to the medical department, including the qualifications of the working staff and the availability of equipment, technical supportworkflow. After examining these factors, we can reasonably conclude what exactly will help in a particular case within the framework of the biological, medical, and rehabilitation aspects. This assessment must be carried out taking into account the specific features of a particular case. It is not possible to deduce a standard level that applies to all individuals currently in rehab.
What else matters?
Psychological rehabilitation potential is a parameter that should be identified by a complete analysis of the characteristics of a particular patient. At the same time, increased attention is paid to mental processes. They check the work of memory and the ability to concentrate, reveal the intensity of thought processes, emotional state and its dynamics. It is equally important when assessing the potential to study the personal characteristics of the patient, to determine what type of temperament is inherent in him, and on the basis of this to build communication with the patient. You need to know the nature of the patient, the level of his intellectual development. In many ways, the success of rehabilitation is determined by the presence of motivation, which qualified doctors can support and stimulate.
The level of rehabilitation potential is determined by the internal modeling of the disease. This term is used to denote the patient's understanding of his condition, the person's ideas about the essence of the problem and possible forecasts for the near and distant future. The potential also depends on the medical aspects - the characteristics of a particular treatment program, including its volume and duration. The higher the quality of medical care, themore will be the potential of the individual. When predicting the situation, it makes sense to evaluate the biological and social aspects, as well as pay attention to the level of functioning of compensatory mechanisms. A comprehensive study of the situation allows you to accurately determine the patient's potential and find ways to realize it, and, if necessary, increase it.
Inside and out
Modern scales of rehabilitation potential oblige to equally pay attention to both the personal characteristics of a person, the specific features of his body, and the social environment. At the same time, it is taken into account that the presence of a defect, pathology does not exclude the individual from the social environment, which forms an additional rehabilitation field associated precisely with those around him and their influence on the individual.
Adequately identifying rehab potential involves a comprehensive analysis of public sentiment and an assessment of community-driven rehab. Both the influence of the local local society surrounding the person undergoing rehabilitation, and human society as a whole are taken into account. Assessing the capabilities of an individual, it is important to comprehensively analyze all the factors influencing the situation in order to build the most effective program, taking into account the individual aspects of the current situation.
Social setting
Full, comprehensive definition of rehabilitation potential obliges to analyze the microscopic society surrounding the individual undergoing rehabilitation therapy. Talk aboutso-called rehabilitation orientation. Attention is paid to the patient's close relatives and the presence of a support group connected by common interests, as well as the environment in the workplace, educational, if any, in a person's life.
Revealing the capabilities of a particular person obliges to evaluate the characteristics of the patient in comparison with the ideas of the reference group. This is especially true when the rehabilitation potential and rehabilitation prognosis are formulated in relation to those suffering from mental and nervous disorders. Based on a full analysis, it is possible to determine the possibility of rehabilitation in a social, labor, professional environment, to analyze the prospects for integration into a certain social group.
What are they saying around?
Public opinion influences the human mind quite strongly. When formulating a rehabilitation potential and a rehabilitation prognosis, doctors must take this aspect into account. Often, the individual's ideas about his future opportunities are dictated by the prevailing stereotypes, the established opinion. If the society approves and accepts the current situation, allows rehabilitation and favorably treats people who successfully completed it, this creates additional motivation for a particular person.
At the same time, a situation is possible when the public has a negative attitude towards the disease and the recovery program, denying the possibility of the individual returning to his former social status. This significantly reduces the ability of doctors andreduces the motivation of the person himself, complicates the recovery program. It should be understood that the rehabilitation potential cannot be made completely independent of public opinion, but measures can be taken to mitigate the negative impact of this factor, if for a particular situation the motivation formed by society is negative. Otherwise, the opposite approach is needed - active operation of postulates approved by public opinion to motivate the individual.
Assessing: how to approach the task? About the rules
Identification of rehabilitation potential involves a full assessment of three aspects of human activity:
- legal;
- economic;
- ethical.
The legal, social potential of rehabilitation is summed up in a legal assessment of the possibilities and future of an individual undergoing a rehabilitation program. At the same time, the potential is not assessed in relation to a specific person, but the society is analyzed as a single object, an organism. Attention is paid to the extent to which social, legal, legal regulations, instructions, subordinated to laws and designed to protect the rights of patients, including those who have been assigned the status of disabled, are successfully formulated and applied in practice.
In our country, there are a number of special regulations designed to protect the rights of people suffering from mental disorders, nervous system. Not all of them really work in practice, and the assessment of potential should be made taking into account the realstate of affairs, and not the official, written in the papers.
Technology and morality
Assessing the rehabilitation potential, doctors always pay attention to the social possibilities of helping a person undergoing a rehabilitation program. What kinds of support can the community provide? What technique, scientific developments, economic social programs exist to increase the capabilities of a particular person? A comprehensive analysis of these aspects allows you to get the most accurate idea of the success of the planned recovery course.
Public moral low rehabilitation potential is a situation when the patient does not feel moral support from the outside world. On the contrary, high provides excellent opportunities for those who struggle with their diseases, problems that do not cause censure in society, with the approval of the community.
Current issue
It so happens that at present there is a rather low level of support for those who are recovering from addictions, being treated for mental disorders. Specialists draw attention to this fact, noting the unacceptability of such "double standards", since absolutely all people who are forced to deal with significant difficulties, including those within the medical and rehabilitation programs, need support from the micro-, macrosociety.
When assessing the influence of ethical factors, they pay attention to the specifics of the reference group, analyze society as a single object,revealing the attitude of these groups to the activities of a person undergoing restoration. It is believed that adjusting, if possible, the social environment, as well as promoting more disability-friendly social policies, will increase the potential of those undergoing rehabilitation programs in the present and in the future. Unfortunately, the possibilities of doctors these days are significantly limited.
Continuing the analysis of the situation
When it was possible to identify the specific features of a particular situation in the context of the aspects described above, it is necessary to additionally assess the patient's condition. For this, a special four-point scale is used: high level, average, slightly below average and the lowest. Separately, assessments are made in relation to a specific situation for the patient himself as a person, his organism (physiological, biological traits are analyzed), and the community. After summing up the obtained data, the final value is recorded in the patient's card. In the future, it will be repelled when choosing programs and approaches.
In order to draw up an optimal recovery project and plan the success of its implementation, in addition to the indicated scoring system, it is also necessary to make a clinical, functional diagnosis and formulate a person’s social capabilities, analyze his future, taking into account his mental state. Only such an integrated approach with attention to all significant functions provides sufficient information for quality work with the patient.
Special occasion
For many parents, it is important to know if an assessment is beingrehabilitation potential of a child with some distinctive features relative to adult patients. As experts note, formally the approach itself is exactly the same as in relation to any other individual. At the same time, the rehabilitation program is compiled taking into account the age of the person, attention to which is paid at the stage of assessing the possibilities, the strength of motivation in a particular case.
At the same time, in relation to children, a scale with points is compiled in the same way, according to which the state of a person is assessed, and social attitudes are also formulated. It is important to remember the immaturity of the psyche in childhood - this imposes certain restrictions, often complicating the situation. More important is the society of a microscopic scale, that is, the support of close relatives.
Stroke: Features
Identification of the potential for those affected by this condition is quite difficult, in many respects the success of the recovery program is determined by the experience of the doctor helping the patient through it. Neuroplasticity in each individual case has specific features, many reorganizations of functions are also unique, therefore it is impossible to create one general universal program for the entire list of patients.
As experts note, even in a situation where the foci of damage coincide, the reaction of the body and changes in the characteristics of life can differ very significantly. This also applies to the size of the damaged area of the brain. To determine the possibilities of a recovery program, it is necessaryanalyze individual characteristics and identify all predictors of recovery.
Prognostic factors: lesion
The abundance of foci often has a severe impact on a person, but to this day doctors do not have specific accurate information regarding the significance of this factor, since there are not enough technical and scientific tools to correctly study the situation. It is known that small additional foci complicate the rehabilitation program, especially if they have formed in the cerebral areas of the motor cortex, pathways. This applies more to the ipsilateral hemisphere.
Difficulties in rehabilitation will be experienced by patients in whom a stroke was manifested by extensive damage to one part of the brain and was accompanied by minor lesions of the frontal, temporal, parietal lobes of the hemisphere on the right. At the time of diagnosing the situation, this can be noticed by the patient's apathy, hypokinesia, and spontaneity.
What else affects?
A specific approach to building a rehabilitation program is required if a stroke was accompanied by symptoms of dyscirculatory encephalopathy. This applies to both typical clinical manifestations and neuroimaging signs. The deterioration of the recovery prognosis is associated with symptoms of hypomnesia. Some patients have a decrease in intelligence, ability to work, concentrate. It also worsens rehabilitation prognosis.
Stroke recovery ability to speak correctly cansignificantly prevent the presence of additional lesions in the areas of the brain responsible for speech. Complicate the situation of damage to the dominant hemisphere in the area of formations under the cortical layer, as well as areas located near those responsible for speech.
