Rehabilitation refers to the process of restoring he alth and ability to work, which have been disturbed by illness, injury, physical or social factors. Its goal is the quick and effective return of the patient to society, to work and household duties.
The concept of "rehabilitation"
Types of rehabilitation are diverse. This is both medical and professional, there are also labor or social ones, but they have one thing in common - they all restore. The World He alth Organization has given the appropriate definition to this term.
Rehabilitation WHO calls the set of activities that should provide a person with disabilities as a result of illness or injury of certain functions to restore abilities or maximize adaptation to new conditions in the society in which he lives. These are actions aimed at comprehensive assistance to a sick person or a disabled person in order to achieve the maximum possible usefulness, including social or economic. Thus, the rehabilitation process should be considered as a complex one.a socio-medical problem, which experts divide into several aspects: medical, physical, psychological, professional or labor, and, finally, socio-economic.
General approaches
Everyone may need professional help at some point in time to get back to their old way of life. Multifaceted and rather long-term work to restore the patient's he alth and reintegrate him into work and social life is rehabilitation. Specialists consider types of rehabilitation in interconnection and unity. Each of them corresponds to its own type of consequences. For example, the medical and biological consequences of the disease consist in deviations from the morphofunctional normal status, a decrease in working capacity makes the patient refuse to work, social rehabilitation or maladaptation is needed in case of violations of ties with the family, society.
Recovery of a patient after an illness and only his physical recovery cannot be considered a complete solution to the problem. This is not rehabilitation: the types of rehabilitation should affect a person in the aggregate, because after the patient has fully recovered, he needs to become able-bodied, regain his social status, etc. That is, a person must return to the previous full-fledged life, both in a family or a team, and in society.
Recovery Methods
In the medical field, there are many typesrehabilitation - physical, medical, reconstructive surgery, recovery with the help of certain medical and technical means, diet therapy, etc. Depending on the disease or injury, different methods are used. Restoration of physical form can be achieved with the help of kinesio- and physiotherapy, physiotherapy exercises.
In cases where the patient really wants to help himself, and therefore takes an active part in all processes, according to experts, the most effective rehabilitation occurs.
Types of psychological rehabilitation - the help of a psychologist or a narcologist - are necessary for patients who have no desire to recover. These can be alcoholics, drug addicts or drug addicts - those who have an addiction and completely suppressed will.
Medical rehabilitation facilities
Methods of medical recovery can be divided into three subspecies: active, which includes all methods of kinesitherapy, including physical exercises with elements of sports, walking, running, training on simulators, occupational therapy, etc., as well as passive, i.e. pharmaco-, physio-, phyto-, complementary therapy, homeopathy. The third method is psycho-regulatory, it involves aesthetic and phonotherapy, autogenic training, muscle relaxation, etc.
Medical rehabilitation systems have long been seen as the only, or mainstream, focus. They concerned mainly the desire of doctors to cure the disease in order to restore impaired functions. Howeverthis, as already proved, was not enough. Therefore, the question was raised of determining the subject of rehabilitation in the first place. The biological concept of disability, which was based only on anatomical and physiological disorders in humans, was replaced by a theory based, among other things, on an imbalance in the patient's interaction with the outside world.
Research has proven that there are more opportunities for a patient to recover from an injury or illness when exposed to his environment. This is how the concept of “social rehabilitation” arose.
Stages of medical recovery
The first stage is to help the patient during the acute course of the disease or after injury. This stage takes place in intensive care units, in more severe cases - in intensive care, in a word, where there are conditions for rehabilitation and first aid - in medical organizations specializing in the profile of this disease.
The second stage is called the support of the patient during the early healing process after the course of an illness or injury, as well as during the residual effects of the course of the disease in stationary conditions of various medical organizations. It can be a rehabilitation center, departments in sanatoriums, etc.
And, finally, the third stage of medical recovery is assistance in the period of residual effects, as well as in the chronic course of the disease without exacerbation. At this stage, it is carried out in the physiotherapy room, with the help ofphysical therapy or reflexology. Not bad helps manual therapy, medical psychology, etc.
Physiotherapeutic methods are one of the key in any rehabilitation. They are aimed at the complete restoration of lost functions in the patient and help accelerate reparative processes in the organs and tissues of the body, primarily the musculoskeletal system, nervous and circulatory systems.
Medications are not used during the physiotherapy recovery method, and therefore the risk of an allergic reaction or side effects, including drug dependence, is excluded. A rehabilitation program specially selected for the patient helps him recover as quickly and efficiently as possible after an operation or injury, restores a sense of freedom in movement and the ability to communicate with people around him without any restrictions.
Stroke Recovery
This disease, leading to acute cerebrovascular accident and damage to brain tissue, is quite common today. After it, complete immobility, a decrease in strength, for example, hemiparesis, speech impairment, and a noticeable decrease in sensitivity may occur. Rehabilitation after a stroke involves the use of methods that restore all violations at the same time.
To return damaged organs to normal, a number of measures must be taken. And you need to start them from the first days, unless, of course, the general condition allowspatient. Rehabilitation after a stroke should begin in the hospital - in the neurological department, and then continue in the sanatorium. The prognosis for the restoration of all functions is determined by the size and location of the affected areas of the brain. At the same time, the accuracy and completeness of individual rehabilitation is also important.
Drug clinic or recovery center
Any addiction - be it alcohol or drugs - is a disease. A person who systematically uses psychoactive substances is socially dangerous. At the same time, as a result of alcohol or drug abuse, an individual develops a persistent mental and physical dependence. As a result, four spheres of life are destroyed in such a person at once. First of all, he loses his he alth as a result of a constant hangover, withdrawal, the risk of contracting HIV infection, hepatitis increases, cardiovascular diseases may appear, etc. The psychological state also worsens - aggression, irritability, isolation appear, social relationships are disrupted and completely spiritual principles change.
Of course, many of them are placed in drug treatment clinics by their relatives. However, patients, having taken a course of treatment for a week, return home and in 99.9% of cases after a while begin to lead their former lifestyle - they again use alcohol or drugs.
According to experts, in order to cure such an addiction, a person first of all needs to be “pulled out” from the environmenthis society, limiting his free movement and isolating him from the usual social circle. The second, no less important measure is this abstinence. But for this it is necessary to work with this social group, otherwise simple abstinence in most cases develops into a longer and more violent consumption. And here the rehabilitation center helps a person.
Today there are a lot of such organizations in our country. Many of them have their own individual program of work. The twelve-step rehabilitation program has gained great popularity. Which rehabilitation center to choose - spiritual, social, labor - is decided not only by the patient himself, but also by his relatives.
About social rehabilitation
This concept is a process of restoring in society the status of a person lost due to problems or difficult life situations. These include the onset of disability, migration, imprisonment, unemployment, etc.
Social rehabilitation is a set of measures for closer interaction of the individual with society. On the one hand, it includes a method of transferring social experience to individuals and a way of including it in the system of relations, and on the other hand, personal changes.
Types of social rehabilitation
Depending on the types of problems, several main types of recovery are currently used at once. First of all, it is social and medical rehabilitation. It represents the formation in the patient of new skills for a fulfilling life, as well as assistance in organizing everyday life and maintaininghousehold. In addition, in some cases, a person is prescribed restorative and reconstructive therapy, which is carried out by a social rehabilitation center.
The second type is the return of mental or psychological he alth to the patient, the optimization of his intra-group relations and connections, as well as the identification of the individual's potential for organizing assistance and psychological correction.
The next method is socio-pedagogical. It implies the organization and implementation of professional assistance in case of violations of the individual's ability to receive education. For this, certain work is being carried out to create adequate conditions, as well as forms and methods of teaching according to the relevant methods and programs.
Other types - professional, labor and social and environmental rehabilitation - are aimed at shaping a person's lost labor and professional qualities and skills with further employment, as well as restoring social significance within the appropriate environment.
Recovery activities for children
According to statistics provided by WHO, more than six hundred and a half million inhabitants of the planet suffer from serious diseases, a third of which are children. The figures, already very depressing, are growing every year. Children who are born with disabilities or become disabled as early as their first year of life reach their full potential only through services and rehabilitation centres. Restoration of he alth of this categoryresidents in our country includes all types of services that are provided to both infants and adolescents. The term "rehabilitation of children" today means the whole range of services to ensure the social participation of the child.
Goal of rehabilitation of children
It consists not only in restoring the child's he alth, but also in the development of his mental and physical functions to an optimal level. The places where children are being rehabilitated are all he althcare or educational organizations, as well as the family, which ensures the restoration of their he alth at this stage of life. Medical rehabilitation of the child is carried out in several institutions. The most important and very first is the maternity hospital. In addition, the polyclinic, outpatient clinic and consultations, as well as the hospital, play an important role in the development of children. At an older age, the child is accepted by such rehabilitation institutions as specialized dispensaries, sanatoriums, he alth camps, boarding schools.
Stages of the children's recovery process
State programs aimed at restoring the he alth of sick children include three stages - clinical, sanatorium and adaptation.
The first stage - stationary - ensures not only the restoration of the functions of the affected systems, but also the preparation of the child's body for the subsequent rehabilitation period. To solve the tasks at this stage of recovery, all methods of rehabilitation are used - the possibilities of pharmacology, as well as diet, physiotherapy, massage, physiotherapy exercises. Processat the first stage, it is assessed by biochemical and functional indicators, ECG results.
The sanatorium recovery period is crucial. During its implementation, the functions of the affected system are normalized. Special attention is paid to the physical and mental state of the child in accordance with his individual characteristics.
The third stage is adaptive. Its goal is to normalize functional indicators to return the child to normal life. The content of rehabilitation procedures at this stage is determined not only by the he alth of the baby, but also by the degree of his functional adaptation. The third period ends with the full recovery of children.
