Any cold is characterized by the occurrence of such a symptom as a runny nose. Catarrhal chronic rhinitis is quite common, which is characterized by the fact that inflammatory processes occur in the nasal mucosa.
This type of runny nose does not provoke dangerous complications, but the pathology must be treated. For this, both medications and folk remedies are used, which help to eliminate the existing problem and achieve a long-term remission.
Causes of disease
The etiology of chronic catarrhal rhinitis is associated with a constant runny nose. The main provoking factors include the following:
- allergy;
- lack of minerals and vitamins;
- presence of bad habits;
- work in hazardous production;
- penetration of microbes and viruses;
- diathesis in young children;
- malnutrition;
- permanent hypothermia;
- stress.
ExceptIn addition, there may be other causes of catarrhal chronic rhinitis, which should include the following:
- sinusitis;
- narrow nasal passages;
- deformation of the nasal septum.
It often occurs with difficulty breathing, since much less oxygen enters. Because of this, a kind of greenhouse effect occurs, resulting in a favorable environment for the development of bacteria.
Main symptoms
Chronic catarrhal rhinitis is considered a complicated and neglected form of acute runny nose.
The main signs of the presence of the disease should include such as:
- burning, dryness and irritation in the nose;
- regular colds;
- congestion of the nasal passages, which periodically passes;
- loss of appetite;
- nasal discharge;
- pale skin;
- hoarseness in the morning;
- constant coughing;
- sluggishness.
The symptoms of chronic catarrhal rhinitis are not strong enough, but this form of the disease is caused by regular exacerbations. A person suffers all the time from such complications as:
- otitis media;
- laryngitis;
- tracheitis;
- sinusitis.
Also, chronic catarrhal rhinitis leads to gastritis, which occurs as a result of constant mucus entering the respiratory tract and swallowing it. If the disease develops in children, then over time this process can lead to dangerous complications thatmanifested in the form of a change in bite, pathologies of the facial skeleton, a violation of the structure of the chest. In adults, such a pathology leads to hyperplastic rhinitis, polyposis of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of chronic catarrhal rhinitis is carried out by the attending physician. It all starts with a general inspection. The specialist fixes the presence of boils, eczema and cracks in the nasal cavity. Rhinoscopy often reveals a buildup of mucus that blocks the nasal passages. It can form a crust that covers especially affected areas of the nose. The mucous membranes are very inflamed, and swelling is also observed.
Examination of the posterior wall of the nose shows the presence of adenoids and inflammation. To avoid misdiagnosis, the mucous membrane of the nasal passages is lubricated with a special solution. If puffiness decreases with its use, it means that this is not a hypertrophic form of the disease.
A distinctive feature of the course of chronic catarrhal rhinitis will be the absence of an unpleasant smell from the nose. In addition, frozen mucus is characterized by a grayish tint. After conducting a visual examination, the doctor can make the correct diagnosis.
Features of treatment
When the first symptoms of chronic catarrhal rhinitis appear, treatment should be started immediately to prevent the development of dangerous complications. Therapy must be comprehensive. It must include the following techniques:
- taking medication;
- physiotherapymethods;
- operation;
- use of folk remedies.
In case of exacerbation of chronic catarrhal rhinitis, treatment is carried out with the help of laser and magnetic therapy, and homeopathic medicines are also required. In addition, it is necessary to use local antibacterial medicines, which are selected separately, depending on the results of bacteriological cultures of secretions.
When the first signs of a runny nose appear, you need to ensure complete mental and physical rest. It is also recommended to drink plenty of fortified drinks, to avoid overheating and hypothermia. It is necessary to clean the nasal passages very carefully to prevent irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the organ. Dried crusts are recommended to soften and carefully remove with a cotton swab moistened with water.
To eliminate the symptoms of chronic catarrhal rhinitis, treatment should include hot foot baths with the addition of essential oil or mustard. If a person has a fever, then such activities are not recommended.
Medicated treatment
After a thorough diagnosis, the doctor prescribes medication for chronic catarrhal rhinitis, which consists of eliminating the existing symptoms, as well as protecting from adverse factors. To destroy pathogens, the nose is irrigated with saline solutions. You can wash the passages with sea s alt. In addition, such drugs as "Physiomer" or"Aquamaris". Throughout the course of therapy, the patient is recommended to carry out general strengthening procedures.
Doctors prescribe vasoconstrictor drops that help relieve nasal congestion and swelling. These include drugs such as Siup, Nazivin, Otrivin. You can use them throughout the week, best at night. Antiseptic and astringent drugs help to cope with rhinitis. These include Miramistin and Protargol.
Additionally, local agents can be prescribed to increase the level of interferon. These include "Grippferon" and "Interferon". Plant-based products have proven themselves well. These include menthol oil, as well as Pinosol.
When the disease worsens, painkillers, antipyretics, anti-inflammatory drugs may be required. These include Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Teraflu, Coldact. Antihistamines may be needed to relieve burning, itching, and swelling. For children, the medicine is available in the form of drops. Such means as "Zodak", "Fenistil", "Zirtek" have proven themselves well. For adults, they are available in the form of tablets. This should include Erius, Tavegil, Claritin.
Antiviral drugs help to cope with a cold at its first manifestations. These include such as "Amiksin", "Kagocel", "Ingavirin". To increase the body's defenses, immunostimulating drugs are needed, in particular, such: Ergoferon, Anaferon, Tsitovir. Forelimination of the cause of chronic catarrhal rhinitis, treatment is carried out with the help of antibiotics in the form of Polydex or Isofra. With a constant exacerbation, you need to pass a swab from the nose to determine the causative agents of the disease.
Folk remedies
Good results are provided not only by medications, but also by alternative medicine. Their action is based on strengthening the immune system, and they are also used for symptomatic therapy. Folk remedies can be used only after consulting a doctor to prevent deterioration of he alth.
It is recommended to systematically wash the nose with decoctions of medicinal herbs, saline solutions, which help restore the balance of local immune defenses, the drainage function of the nose, and also contribute to the natural outflow of mucus.
We present some recipes for your attention:
- Take 250 ml of water, boil, add 2 tbsp. l. medicinal herbs such as calendula, chamomile, coltsfoot. Let the broth stand and filter. Rinse the nasal passages 3-5 times a day.
- Nasal drops can help thin nasal mucus and restore normal breathing. Mash the onion until gruel, take 3 tsp. of this mass, add 1 tsp. honey. Dilute the mixture with 250 ml of warm water. Insist, filter. Bury 1-2 drops into the nasal passage.
- Connect 2 tbsp. l. eucalyptus leaves with 200 ml of olive oil. Bring to a boil, put to brew for 4-5 hours. Bury in the nose 1-2drops.
- Recommended daily intake of fortified infusions. These include the following: a decoction of lime blossom with honey, an infusion of currant leaves, viburnum tea. They increase the body's defenses.
- Chronic rhinitis can be treated with warming. To do this, use heated s alt and a boiled egg. However, this method has certain contraindications, so a doctor's consultation is required.
- Inhalations help to enhance the therapeutic effect. Essential oils and decoctions of medicinal herbs can be used as a base. The therapeutic course is at least 8-10 procedures. In the treatment of chronic rhinitis, hot and cold inhalations help well. The therapy takes quite a long time and also requires medical supervision.
Physiotherapy techniques
With the help of physiotherapy, the treatment of chronic catarrhal rhinitis can achieve a very good result. These should include the following:
- UHF bridge;
- electrophoresis;
- inhalation;
- use of quartz tube.
Physiotherapy is carried out for 8-12 days as prescribed by the doctor. Children can additionally be prescribed spa treatment, as well as a visit to the s alt room. The duration of the course is 10 procedures.
Operating
In case of a particularly severe course of the disease, an operation may be prescribed. In particular, they use such intervention techniques as:
- radio wavedisintegration;
- ultrasound intervention;
- conchotomy;
- cryotherapy;
- electrocaustics;
- laser destruction.
Cauterization of the turbinates with tri-chloro-acetic acid is quite effective. The operation is aimed at reducing the size of the turbinates with the help of physical factors, thereby facilitating nasal breathing.
Treatment during pregnancy
Treatment and prevention of chronic catarrhal rhinitis during pregnancy are of great importance, but all methods should be as gentle as possible so as not to harm the baby. Often a cold occurs in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Treatment with medication during this period is strictly contraindicated.
That is why, when the first signs of a cold appear, a pregnant woman should urgently consult a doctor. Basically, therapy is carried out by washing the nasal passages with a solution of sea s alt or saline.
Vasoconstrictor drops are not recommended. However, to clear the nasal passages, you can do inhalations with the addition of herbal infusions or essential oils. If a woman has a fever, then you can take Ibuprofen or Paracetamol. To increase immunity, Viferon suppositories and Grippferon nose drops are prescribed.
It is also worth remembering to drink plenty of water. It is recommended to consume cranberry and lingonberry fruit drinks, warm tea with honey and lemon, water.
Possible Complications
If you do not carry out comprehensive timely treatment,then rhinitis gives complications to the respiratory system. It can provoke the occurrence of such consequences as:
- laryngitis;
- otitis media;
- pharyngitis;
- sinusitis;
- pneumonia;
- bronchitis.
In addition, chronic runny nose can be complicated by sinusitis. All these complications develop due to the fact that a person has difficulty breathing, and he is forced to breathe through his mouth. Reduced immunity contributes to the rapid multiplication of various bacteria, since the body has no defense.
In no case should you start rhinitis, as it threatens with serious consequences, which are much more difficult and longer to cure. That is why you should not delay your visit to the doctor.
Prophylaxis
To avoid relapse, prevention of catarrhal chronic rhinitis is required. She is quite simple. The most important thing is the hardening of the body, since with constant hardening procedures, it will not react so sharply to temperature changes. It will be much easier for a person to survive hypothermia, and it also helps to strengthen immunity.
In addition, to prevent the transition of rhinitis into a chronic form, you need:
- eliminate the influence of irritants, allergens;
- treat all diseases of the respiratory system under the supervision of a doctor;
- Rinse your nose regularly with saline solutions;
- correct existing anomalies in the structure of the nose;
- quit alcohol and smoking;
- lead a he althy lifestyle, harden, strengthen immunity;
- dosports.
Nose drops should only be selected by the attending physician and should not be used thoughtlessly. Workers in hazardous industries need to take measures to clean the air, as well as personal protection of the nose. With a tendency to develop a chronic form of rhinitis with complications, it is worth thinking about changing activities.
You also need to regularly ventilate the room. This will reduce the risk of rhinitis of viral and bacterial origin. Fresh air destroys pathogens.
Complex therapy will help to significantly speed up the healing process. It is important to combine medications, as well as alternative medicine. Giving up bad habits and taking preventive measures helps to significantly reduce the risk of relapse.
