Everyone can experience gum disease. Often, patients develop chronic catarrhal gingivitis (in the ICD-10, the disease code is indicated under the number K05.1). There are a huge number of reasons for this. However, most often this pathology is caused by non-compliance with hygiene procedures and untimely treatment of milder diseases.
This leads to the development of a chronic form of pathology. It is also worth noting that people under the age of 30 are most susceptible to this disease. Therefore, it will be useful for the younger generation to know the main signs of this pathology, so as not to get chronic catarrhal gingivitis in their medical history. It is also worth considering preventive measures and a diagnostic method.
Reasons for appearance
Most often, pathology is caused by the fact that a person poorly monitors the condition of the teeth and oral cavity. If the lack of timely treatment is added to this, then in this case the disease begins to move from a mild stage to a chronic form.
Also, many people have a problem with plaque, which appears in the place where the gum is adjacent to the crowns of the teeth. ATBacteria are most likely to feed and multiply in this area. If the teeth are not brushed well, then in the small depressions between them and the gums, food debris will linger, which quickly begin to rot. This is a very favorable environment for the rapid development of harmful microbes.
In addition, plaque in this area can accumulate not only due to insufficient hygiene, but also due to the fact that there has been a change in the composition or volume of saliva that a person secretes.
Also, chronic catarrhal gingivitis can be caused by pathologies associated with bite, a decrease in the level of protective functions of the body, wearing orthopedic or orthodontic structures. In this case, there is an imbalance in the pathogenic flora and on the soft tissues of the periodontium. For this reason, microorganisms very quickly begin to spread through the oral cavity, which leads to an inflammatory reaction of the gums. As a result, the person has clinical signs of chronic catarrhal gingivitis.
Development mechanism
Catarrhal gingivitis begins to form in several stages. First, soft plaque accumulates in periodontal pockets. Bacteria begin to develop, and gradually penetrate into the gum tissue, which causes inflammation. Because of this, there is an expansion of the periodontal pocket, which becomes deeper. Severe swelling appears, dental ligaments weaken.
All this leads to malnutrition of gum tissue. The blood supply to the capillaries is also disrupted. They receivemuch less nutrients. Against this background, a weakening of local immunity develops, due to which the pathogenic flora receives all the necessary conditions for further development. Therefore, a person should be alerted by red gums and obvious inflammatory processes that are visible to the naked eye. However, you should not treat this pathology on your own. It is best to consult a specialist.
Symptoms
If we talk about the signs of chronic catarrhal gingivitis, then, as a rule, they are very pronounced, so the diagnosis is very quick and easy. Most often, patients complain about:
- The appearance of unpleasant itching in the area of inflammation.
- Bleeding of tissue while brushing teeth or eating solid food.
- The appearance of causeless bleeding in the morning.
- Having an increased amount of tartar.
- The appearance of bad breath.
As a rule, such inflammations are more likely to affect young children and young people. At the same time, pathological processes against the background of chronic catarrhal gingivitis develop very slowly, and the symptoms are less pronounced, and this does not affect the general condition of the body.
You can identify the development of this disease by self-examination of the oral cavity. It is recommended to consult a specialist if a large amount of mineralized and non-mineralized dental deposits have appeared. In addition, red gums that have become inflamed testify to problems. Also, in some situations, the disease is characterized by the appearancebleeding when pressed on soft tissue.
Many believe that it is best to take an x-ray in such a situation, but this type of examination is not considered informative. This is because when gingivitis occurs, bone destruction occurs in rare cases.
Acute stage of pathology
In the initial stages, chronic catarrhal gingivitis is characterized by implicit signs of inflammatory processes. Gradually, the gums become bright red. The mucous membrane begins to swell, and when you touch the gums, bloody streaks appear.
If we are talking about acute catarrhal gingivitis, then in this case there is a spread of the inflammatory process also to the so-called gingival papillae. If the pathology enters the middle stage of acute development, then in this case the inflammation begins to move to the marginal gum. In a severe form, inflammatory processes occur on the entire mucous membrane, which is located in the human oral cavity. However, the lesions do not affect the palate and cheeks.
Worse
Most often, a sharp deterioration in well-being occurs in autumn or spring. This is due to the fact that almost all chronic pathologies during this period of time begin to manifest themselves much more strongly. At the same time, patients complain that they experience stronger discomfort in the gum area. Also, some people have a taste of blood in their mouths, the sensitivity of tissues increases, which can react sharply to changes in temperature conditions, too hard food andother factors.
If we talk about medical research, then most often with chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children and adults, they additionally find:
- Congestive hyperemia of mucous membranes.
- Bleeding on light probing.
- Darkening and bluing of soft tissues.
- Gum thickening.
- The appearance of pronounced plaque on the teeth.
If a person does not seek help from a dentist in a timely manner, then gradually the disease becomes less pronounced. However, sooner or later there will be a remission. Many people claim that after the pathology disappears, it comes back again. However, this is due to the fact that the destruction of soft tissues occurred against the background of the development of infection, which is why pathological problems with the gums remain. Therefore, it is worth contacting a specialist in order not to lead to complications.
Chronic catarrhal gingivitis: differential diagnosis
First of all, specialists carefully study the information provided by the patient. After that, an instrumental examination of the oral cavity is carried out, due to which the picture becomes more sensitive. As a rule, an experienced specialist does not require additional studies in order to make a diagnosis. It is enough to clarify the symptoms and pay attention to the condition of the oral cavity
If additional studies are still required, then probing of the gingival pockets is performed. In this case, the doctor can determine the pathological mobility of the teeth.
X-ray examination is necessary only if the specialist suspects that the integrity of the bone tissue has been affected. After the doctor makes a diagnosis, it is necessary to immediately proceed to the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis.
Therapeutic interventions
There are several stages of treatment that help get rid of this pathology. First of all, a professional cleaning of the oral cavity is carried out. This removes mineralized and non-mineralized dental plaque.
It is also necessary to remove the stones and the plaque that has appeared. After that, polishing is carried out and a special paste is applied. This is a mandatory event, as small inclusions of stones may remain on the teeth. After that, the patient is recommended to rinse with gingivitis and use special baths with Chlorhexidine. Usually the duration of the course of this treatment is 10 days. After severe symptoms have been removed and the person's condition has returned to normal, it is necessary to undergo physiotherapy.
Features of complex form treatment
In this situation, antiseptic treatment and rinsing of the gums with chlorhexidine is also carried out. Additionally, a specialist may prescribe specialized antiseptic toothpastes or treatment of damaged tissues with furacilin.
It would be useful to apply bandages with ointments that have an anti-inflammatory effect. Applications are also effective.propolis. If we are talking about a severe course of the disease, then in this case vitamins, antibiotics, electrophoresis, non-steroidal therapy may be required. Hydrotherapy and an ultrasonic way to improve the condition of the teeth will also be useful.
Features of the treatment of acute gingivitis
If the pathology is actively accelerating and begins to develop at a rapid pace even after the stones have been removed from the teeth, then in this case it is necessary to stop the form of the disease.
This means that, in addition to standard procedures, it is necessary to perform a complete sanitation of the oral cavity, replace fillings, dentures, and other dental structures, cure caries, get rid of anomalies in the structure of the teeth, correct the bite.
Prevention
In order not to resort to the treatment of gingivitis at home or not to visit a specialist once again, it is necessary to monitor oral hygiene every day. When brushing your teeth, you need to get rid of plaque. Therefore, this self-care procedure should not take a few seconds. Better take care of your body.
After each procedure, a number of activities must be performed. It is recommended to use dental floss, which helps to remove stuck pieces of food. Also, it will not be superfluous to use special antiseptic agents with which you need to rinse your mouth.
If a person has any unpleasant symptoms, it is imperative to consult a specialist. The same must be done ifthere was an injury to the oral cavity.
Possible Complications
Regardless of the form of this pathology, the negative impact affects the mobility and stability of the teeth. If treatment is not performed, then there is a high probability that the teeth will begin to loosen.
In addition, inflammatory processes in the oral cavity can lead to the development of periodontitis, ulcerative gingivitis, periodontitis and other ailments. Often, against the background of the disease, an abscess of the gums or bone material of the jaw develops. Therefore, it is better not to risk it again.
Treatment of gingivitis at home with folk remedies
In the fight against this pathology, decoctions of chamomile, eucalyptus, oak, St. John's wort, sage and other herbs show the greatest effectiveness. It is also worth starting to rinse your mouth with honey or propolis. If these components were not at hand, then you can use soda and s alt.
It is also worth starting to consume vitamin C in its natural form. Most of this component is found in oranges, lemons, pineapples and kiwi. Also, some lubricate the gums with tea tree oil. In addition, grapefruit is suitable for such procedures. However, it is important that a person does not have an allergy to one or another medicinal component.
