In the article, we will consider how to treat lymphofollicular hyperplasia.
This is a pathological process in which cells grow uncontrollably. The process of growth of follicular tissue, forming the mucous and submucosal layers. Such a disease occurs in patients of any age and does not depend on their gender, food preferences, or place of residence.
Description
Lymphofollicular hyperplasia is diagnosed in the endocrine system, but most often the pathology affects the gastrointestinal tract. The predominance of the disease in the gastrointestinal tract is due to the presence of a large number of predisposing factors - a high level of stress, a large number of carcinogens, and chronic pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. In the endocrine organs, hyperplastic changes develop against the background of systemic or endocrine disorders. For example, hyperplasia can be detected in the thymus gland if the patient has already been diagnosed with any pathology of the pituitary gland.
Reason for development
The development of pathology is due to various negative influencesexternal and internal factors that lead to cell growth. Thus, lymphofollicular hyperplasia can occur against the background of concomitant problems - hyperglycemia, functional disorders of the liver, obesity. Scientists also include hereditary predisposition as a risk factor.
Pathology can develop for the following reasons:
- Disturbance of motility of the duodenum, stomach.
- Infection with the herpes virus.
- Immune disorders.
- Constant stress, nervous breakdowns.
- Exposure to Helicobacter pylori.
- Presence of atrophic, autoimmune, chronic pathologies in the gastrointestinal tract (for example, gastritis in these forms).
- Blastomogenic effect.
- Influence of products with specific tissue breakdown.
- Failures in the activity of the nervous regulation of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Hormonal abnormalities.
- Dysfunction of the internal secretion of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract.
Symptomatics
Symptomatics of lymphofollicular hyperplasia strongly depends on the location of the focus of pathology. What does this mean?
Its generalized signs include a decrease in the level of albumin, an increase in the number of T-lymphocytes. There is a feeling of weakness, fever. It is important to note that if lymphofollicular hyperplasia is benign, then symptoms are usually absent. Negative symptoms are noted if the hyperplastic lesion of the gastrointestinal tract has a special course or is running. In this case, oftendevelops dyspepsia, epigastric pain.
Stages
By stages, hyperplasia is classified according to the distribution and size of the follicles:
- At the zero stage, the lymphoid follicles are completely absent or weakly expressed, arranged chaotically, have small sizes.
- At the first stage, there is a single, diffuse growth of small follicles.
- At the second stage, the follicles spread diffusely, densely, but do not combine into conglomerates.
- At the third stage, twisting of the follicles is noted, sometimes in a colony of considerable size. The mucosa of the follicles is sometimes hyperemic.
- At the fourth stage, erosive areas are revealed, there is a pronounced hyperemia of the mucous membranes, on which there is a fibrin plaque. Mucous membranes, in addition, acquire a matte color, the vascular pattern intensifies on them.
Taking into account the indicated features of the course and the formation of lymphofollicular hyperplasia, some conclusions can be drawn:
- Clinical manifestations develop only at the 3rd-4th stage of the disease, when the patient develops pain in the abdominal region, intestinal bleeding appears.
- It is possible to detect a disease at other stages only by chance, during the diagnosis of some other disorder. This is due to the absence of specific symptoms.
Gastric hyperplasia will be discussed below.
Hyperplasia affecting the stomach lining
The mucosa of the stomach has a very complex structure, which is due to the performance of many functions, including protective, secretory. In addition, she takes part in the process of peristalsis.
Lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa is the process of excessive growth of epithelial cells with simultaneous thickening of the walls of the mucous membranes. Very often, pathology is accompanied by the appearance of polyps, growths. The reasons for the development of gastric hyperplasia are usually attributed to hormonal changes, neurological failures. Hyperplasia rarely transforms into oncology. In most cases, the appearance of cancer cells is promoted by epithelial dysplasia, when the cells that form the mucosa are transformed into cells that have a pronounced atypical structure. The most dangerous disease is mucosal metaplasia, which is characterized by the development of digestive dysfunction and a high risk of developing malignant tumors.
The main tasks of a gastroenterologist with lymphofollicular hyperplasia are the diagnosis and the appointment of the correct treatment. Moreover, the methods of therapy should be selected individually.
How does gastritis with lymphofollicular hyperplasia occur?
Pathology affecting the antrum of the stomach
Statistical data show that such hyperplasia in the antrum of the stomach develops not only in the presence of chronic gastritis, which is provoked by exposure to Helicobacter pylori, but also against the background of weakened immunity. Immune changes together with gastritis are diagnosed asshows clinical practice, in conditions of low acidity, which, in turn, is a prerequisite for the emergence of autoimmune pathologies.
In childhood
The study of cases of the development of the disease in childhood made it possible to determine that in the antrum, lymphofollicular hyperplasia develops due to autoimmune rheumatic pathologies, and not the activity of bacteria. Undoubtedly, the presence of pathogenic microflora in combination with autoimmune abnormalities significantly increases the likelihood of the onset of the disease.
Very often, changes in the mucous membranes cause the development of polyps localized in the antrum. Polyps are inflammatory in nature and occur in 70-90% of cases. Outwardly, they look like dense formations that have a rounded cylindrical shape, a wide base and a flat top.
Lymphofollicular ileal hyperplasia
The ileum is the lower part of the small intestine. From the inside, it is lined with mucous, on which there are many villi. On its surface there are also capillaries, lymphatic vessels, which take part in the absorption of nutrients.
In the ileum, lymphofollicular hyperplasia is formed as a result of multiferative processes in the intestinal wall and immunodeficiency. Clinically, the pathological condition is manifested by the following symptoms:
- Noticeable immunosuppression.
- Sharp weight loss.
- Abdominal pain.
- Presence of blood, mucus in the stool.
- Loose stools, frequent urge to have a bowel movement.
There is a change in the main indicators of the immune system: a significant increase in the percentage of T-lymphocytes.
Disease differentiation
Differentiation of the disease occurs on the basis of laboratory tests of feces, urine, blood and the results of fibrin fiber endoscopy. Most often, lymphofollicular dysplasia can be diagnosed when it affects the terminal zone of the ileum. This suggests that the pathological process is secondary and does not require a therapeutic effect on it. As preventive and therapeutic measures, a strict diet can be recommended, in which a number of products are prohibited. In cases where the inflammation is severe and there is a suspicion of Crohn's disease, cancer, surgery or drug therapy is indicated.
Hyperplasia of lymph nodes
Hyperplastic changes in the lymph nodes are a clinical symptom, accompanied by excessive growth of lymph node cells and a gradual decrease in their number due to degeneration and structural changes. As a rule, hyperplasia of the lymph nodes is the body's immune response to a variety of infections that have entered the body. Lymphadenitis can also be of bacterial, viral, oncological origin. So, submandibular lymphadenitis often develops against a background of tonsillitis, scarlet fever, felinosis, caries, diphtheria,parotitis and other diseases.
Diagnosis
The disease is difficult to detect in the initial stages of its development, as it is almost asymptomatic. Quite often, lymphoid follicles are found during colonoileoscopy for other diseases.
Other diagnostic methods that allow you to examine the enlarged mucous layer in the intestines and stomach include: sigmoidoscopy, FGDS, colonoscopy, radiography using a contrast agent. With the help of X-rays, it is possible to assess the degree of spread of pathological cells.
When lymphofollicular hyperplasia is detected, the patient is shown periodic examinations, which is due to the likelihood of degeneration of abnormal areas into malignant tumors.
The disease is treated by gastroenterologists, oncologists, surgeons, oncologists.
Therapy
In cases where lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the gastrointestinal tract occurs with the appearance of obvious signs of pathology, therapy is indicated aimed at reducing acidity in the stomach and suppressing the activity of Helicobacter pylori. Therapy involves the obligatory elimination of gastritis through diet and the use of medications, including antibiotics.
Treatment of lymphofollicular hyperplasia should be comprehensive.
In the presence of malignant tumors, surgical intervention is indicated. With hyperplasia in the digestive system, excision is performedaffected areas of the intestine, resection of the stomach. The duration of the rehabilitation period depends on the nature and severity of the disease, the general condition of the patient and the success of the operation.
When detecting pathological foci of hyperplasia in the hematopoietic, endocrine system, with signs of a malignant process, combined therapy is required, which combines chemotherapy and surgical techniques.
Treatment for benign lymphofollicular hyperplasia is generally not required.
