Hyperplasia is a disease of the mammary gland, characterized by the spread of glandular formations. The main risk group includes women, mainly between the ages of twenty-five and seventy. Symptoms of pathology differ in the latent nature of development. If your chest starts to hurt, you should immediately contact a mammologist.
Reasons
There are the following causes that contribute to the occurrence of the disease:
- Hormonal imbalance in the body.
- Imbalance in the ratio of tarragon and progesterone is one of the main factors in the spread of pathogenic cells.
- Age predisposition.
- Presence of diseases of the endocrine system.
- Work in hazardous production.
- The negative impact of harmful vapors or chemicals can also provoke the occurrence of pathologies of the external secretion glands.
- Taking medication containing hormones.
- Breastfeeding baby.
- Emotionally stressfulsituation.
- Mechanical damage to the breast.
- Age changes.
- Presence of thyroid disease.
- Early start of period.
- Late pregnancy.
- Later-term abortions.
A sharp mechanical cessation of hormonal changes is a huge test for a woman's body, as a result of which there is a risk of various complications.
Symptoms
Unlike breast diseases that occur without visible pathological changes, hyperplasia is characterized by the presence of certain symptoms that can be detected even with self-examination (palpation) of the mammary glands.
So, the most obvious symptoms of breast hyperplasia are:
- Chest hurts when touched (it should be noted that such a symptom, as a rule, indicates a fibrous form of hyperplasia with the presence of cysts). Sometimes the pain goes to the shoulder or axillary region.
- On palpation, nodules and seals are felt (up to 15 mm in diameter). At the same time, if the seals have a fairly hard consistency and are motionless, then most likely we are talking about cystic hyperplasia.
- When the disease is neglected, various bloody, mucous or milky discharge from the nipples can be observed, which may indicate nodular hyperplasia, disruptions in the menstrual cycle.
- When examining the physical shape of the breast, swelling of the mammary glands, asymmetry or deformation changes can be observed.
However, not all types of breast hyperplasia have vivid symptoms, so the annual screening (professional examination) should become part of a woman's life.
There are many types of hyperplasia. The most common of them will be discussed below.
Dishormonal
Dishormonal hyperplasia of the mammary gland appears against the background of the formation of hormonal imbalance in the body of a woman, as a rule, it is in the nature of benign modifications in the structure of the tissues of the female mammary glands and is treated with hormones chosen by the doctor, after a detailed study of the results of the examination.
Glandular
This is an excess of glandular breast tissue. Basically, they have a disk-like shape and are incredibly mobile, for this reason, it is quite difficult to find them during self-examination. Any unhe althy signs, as a rule, are not traced. This form of the disease has another name - adenosis. Of course, over time, adenosis progresses, neoplasms become more pronounced, they expand. This is the seriousness of the disease, since it is difficult to determine on its own in the early stages.
Epithelial
This is an increase in breast epithelial cells in excess. Often occurs in pregnant women, since in this state the hormonal background changes. It is treated for a short time and is relatively simple, and inIn some cases, after childbirth, if the hormones subside and the body returns to its normal position, the growth of the epithelium disappears on its own. However, it is not recommended to expect the disease to go away on its own, it is imperative to consult a doctor and undergo an examination.
Diffuse
This is one of the types of pathology, which is characterized by the occurrence of small, grain-like tumors and nodules in the chest. The main symptom is breast soreness before the onset of menstruation, which most of the fairer sex does not pay attention to for a long time, thereby triggering the formation of pathology, which in the future can cause the development of cancer.
Nodal
After a certain period of time, neoplasms with a diffuse type increase in volume and transform into strong knots the size of a cherry. In this case, the disease will pass into the stage of the nodal type of pathology. Breast pain becomes more severe, bloody, milky or colorless watery discharge from the nipples occurs, and with the onset of menstruation, the symptoms do not go away. There are also fibrous and cystic varieties of the disease, they differ in the structure of the tumor. With fibrous pathology, the neoplasm becomes rigid, with a precisely established structure. Such a tumor is quite easy to detect. With a fibrocystic form, atheroma occurs in the chest.
Ductal breast hyperplasia
This species acquired its own designation due to the growth of epithelial tissues in the ductschest. In the early stages, the disease is completely cured, in the later stages it passes into a pre-oncological state. If the pathology is not treated, there is a high probability that the tumor will mutate into a malignant neoplasm.
Focal
Focal hyperplasia is a disease that manifests itself in the form of single neoplasms in the tissues of the so-called sources. In fact, any of the types of the disease can be attributed to this variety, with the location of single tumors in different zones. It can be several types of pathology at once (for example, fibrous and diffuse). The threat of this form of the disease lies in the fact that it is more prone to degeneration into a malignant tumor.
Stromal
Muscular fibrous neoplasm, is quite rare, has a benign character. It manifests itself in the form of cracks in the muscle tissue of the chest, which are lined with myofibroblasts. Most of all, this type of pathology occurs in the fairer sex of the age (during menopause or before it). Very rare in young women.
Diagnosis
Timely diagnosis and timely treatment of such a disease as benign breast hyperplasia (abnormal growth of breast tissue) allows you to successfully fight or even prevent more serious pathological processes in the breast.
Diagnosis for this pathology has several differentdirections.
One of the most important ways is a woman's self-examination of her breasts. This method is recommended to be carried out monthly, and when feeling the mammary gland, you need to pay attention to the presence of seals, nodules in the tissues, breast tenderness, asymmetry, areas with redness, the presence of discharge from the nipples (at the same time, you need to pay attention to the condition of the linen - are there any stains).
If a woman detects the above symptoms, she should contact a specialized specialist (mammologist or oncologist) for further examination, who, in turn, will conduct the following special studies:
- mammography (carrying out an x-ray of the breast on a mammograph);
- ultrasound examination of the breast;
- if necessary, a puncture may be indicated to study the composition of a seal or nodule in the mammary gland;
- blood sampling for oncomarker.
Treatment
More than 80% of women are affected by this disease. Hyperplasia, or mastopathy, is the process of growth of breast tissue. The disease requires immediate treatment under the supervision of a specialist.
For the successful treatment of hyperplasia, it is necessary to timely and correctly diagnose the disease, as well as determine its type.
The doctor will decide the most appropriate treatment method only after receiving the results of the tests.
There are several treatment regimens for hyperplasia, which depend on the type of disease and individualcharacteristics of the patient. The leading place is occupied by drug therapy, radical methods are used much less often.
Drugs
The following drugs are prescribed for the treatment of breast hyperplasia in a woman:
- "Ethinylestradiol" is used to treat hyperplasia, if the disease is atypical and there is an estrogen deficiency. The dosage varies from 0.05 mg to 0.1 mg per dose. The drug is prescribed for a long course of two to four months. During therapy, side effects may occur, such as: pigmentation, nausea, weight gain, nervous disorders.
- "Remens" normalizes the balance of hormones, improves the functioning of the pituitary and hypothalamus, which, in turn, eliminates the main cause of hyperplasia - hormonal imbalance. The course of treatment is three months. "Remens" take twenty drops once a day. Allergic reactions to the components of the drug may be observed, and individual intolerance to some components is possible.
- "Lindinet 20" is a drug of the hormonal group, which stops the growth of tissues and normalizes the hormonal background. Contains ethinylestradiol and gestodene. It is applied to neoplasms up to one centimeter in diameter. The medicine should be taken at the same time, according to the menstrual cycle. As a result of therapy, side effects may occur - allergies, vomiting, rashes, inflammation of the vagina, large and small labia.
- "Potassium iodide" - a medicine based on iodine. It is used in cases where hyperplasia is caused by disordersin the work of the thyroid gland. The term of admission and the exact dosage (from 100 to 200 mcg per dose) is determined by a specialist. May cause an allergic reaction.
- "Klamin" - a preparation of the iodine-containing group, contains kelp extract. It improves the general condition of the mammary glands and has a beneficial effect on the body as a whole. Depending on the form of release, take one to two tablets (capsules) per day. Minor allergic reactions are possible.
- "Iodine-active" - the composition of the drug contains iodine and milk protein. Eliminates an acute shortage of iodine, thereby positively affecting the body. Assign one or two tablets with meals once a day. The drug may cause allergies.
Sedatives are used as additional therapy:
- "Amizil" - a sedative complex that eliminates disorders of the nervous system and neuroses. The dosage is selected individually. The treatment period is short - from four to six weeks of continuous use. Possible side effects include heart rhythm disturbances, involuntary muscle contractions and dry mouth.
- "Sibazon" is a drug with a pronounced antispasmodic and antiarrhythmic action. The dose and frequency of administration is determined by the attending physician. "Sibazon" is used for neurosis, sleep disorders and other diseases of the nervous system. May cause drowsiness, a state of general weakness of the body, impotence.
- "Grandaxin" is a psychovegetative regulator recommended for neurosis and depression. It is prescribed two to three times a day, one or two tablets. ATAllergic reactions may include itching and general malaise, nausea.
In cases where therapy was started too late, or the patient's age does not allow for successful drug treatment, a surgical method is used to eliminate hyperplasia, which is called "sectoral resection". It is used for benign tumors. It involves the complete removal of damaged tissue and partial removal of the breast.
Extirpation - removal of a malignant neoplasm and complete removal of the mammary gland. In some special cases, lymph nodes and breast muscles may also be removed to prevent further development of hyperplasia.
If the disease was detected in the early stages and the treatment regimen was chosen correctly, then the prognosis is positive in most cases. Of no small importance is the type of hyperplasia, its good quality and the general condition of the body at the time of diagnosis and further therapy.
