Hydronephrosis of the left kidney is a disease that occurs when the outflow of urine is disturbed and is characterized by an expansion of the pyelocaliceal system. Acute pain in the abdomen with recoil to the back is the first signs of hydronephrosis of the left kidney. The disease is divided into primary or congenital. The primary cause is urinary tract dyskinesia, abnormal placement of the renal artery, congenital valvular anomalies, as well as bacterial and viral infections, and side effects of pharmaceuticals. The cause of secondary or acquired nephrosis is urological diseases, pelvic tumors, injuries of the urinary tract and spinal cord. Increased intrapelvic pressure increases the contents of the calyx and changes their configuration. Atrophy of smooth muscle and nerve endings occurs.
Hydronephrosis of the left kidney is characterized by the formation of coarse fibrous connective tissue. There are two types of the disease - open (there is an intact part of the parenchyma) and closed (obstruction of the ureters is observed in the pelvis-ureteric zone). The disease passes in three stages: the first - there are expansions only in the pelvis, the second - the cups expand, the thickness of the parenchyma decreases, the third - atrophy of the kidney parenchyma.
Hydronephrosis of the left kidney: clinical signs
Patients complain of a feeling of heaviness, bursting, aching pain on the left side, nervous excitement and anxiety are observed, the amount of urine decreases. Sometimes there are impurities of mucus and blood in the urine. As a result of pathological changes, the kidneys begin to work poorly, a huge amount of toxic metabolic products accumulate in the body. In the end, everything can end in death.
Diagnosis of hydronephrosis
Diagnose hydronephrosis of the left kidney instrumentally, ultrasound and radiography. Intravenous urography also diagnoses different stages of the disease: from expansion of the pelvis in the kidney to loss of function and hydronephrosis.
Hydronephrosis during pregnancy is accompanied by pain in the lower back, there is a dull pulling pain in the thigh and groin. In the study of urine, micro- and macrohematuria is detected, with a complication of hydronephrosis, there is pyuria and bacteriuria. X-ray diagnostic method during pregnancy is contraindicated, therefore, ultrasound is performedstudy. With aseptic unilateral hydronephrosis, the prognosis is favorable, since a he althy kidney compensates for the function of the patient. If hydronephrosis appeared during pregnancy, it is not an indication for its termination. Interrupt the pregnancy with bilateral hydronephrosis, which developed before pregnancy. Also, pregnancy is terminated with a diagnosis of "unilateral hydronephrosis", which is accompanied by azotemia and pyelonephritis.
How to treat hydronephrosis?
In a mild form of the disease, conservative treatment is carried out, the tone of the urinary tract is increased. And also carry out the prevention of constipation (diet, laxatives). In infected hydronephrosis, antibiotic therapy is prescribed, urine cultures are monitored. In the later stages of the disease, surgical intervention is indispensable. During the operation, the main thing is to remove the obstruction of the urinary tract in order to prevent changes in the kidney tissue.
