Hemorrhagic spots can cause various pathologies. This disease is characterized by different forms, each of which has certain characteristics. But be that as it may, the occurrence of an abnormal rash requires an immediate visit to a doctor who will prescribe the appropriate treatment.
General information
The appearance of hemorrhagic spots is associated with rupture of capillaries, as a result of which some of the red blood cells are released. The visual condition of the skin in this case depends on the reasons that provoked this phenomenon. Rashes may look like dots, spots, stripes. The colors of the rash can also be varied: scarlet, lilac, blue, purple.
With hemorrhagic spots, there is no release of inflammatory fluid - exudate. As a rule, the victim does not have pain even at the moment of pressure on the damaged skin. And the color of the rash in this case does not change. But against the background of severe peeling, the patient may experience another unpleasant symptom of the disease - intolerable itching.
There is a secondary and primary form of hemorrhagic spots on the skin. In the latter version, the rash becomes a sign of the progression of some disease. In the first case, it isjoining the pathology that is accompanying.
Classification
In addition, hemorrhagic spots can appear in various forms. There are several categories of rash that vary in size.
- Petechiae. These are oval spots, reaching a diameter of two millimeters. Such a rash looks like insect bites and does not rise above the skin at all. There are dots in the center of the spots. The rash is bright red at first, but then gradually changes to brown.
- Purples. These spots can be up to a centimeter in diameter. Separate parts of the rash can be combined into a single lesion. The rash is brown and purple. Its occurrence is accompanied by severe burning and itching.
- Ecchymosis. Such hemorrhages have blurred contours. The size of the rash can reach several centimeters. The shade of the spots can be hot pink or black and blue.
If the pathology progresses rapidly and has a severe course, then tissue necrosis in the middle of the rash can spread and provoke rejection of large areas of skin. This, in turn, can cause a gangrenous process.
Clinical picture
For a variety of reasons, immune complexes are created that are deposited on the walls of blood vessels. Prolonged changes of this kind lead to the emergence of a nonspecific inflammatory process. Against the background of this phenomenon, the vessels lose their ownelasticity, they can be easily damaged, after which they simply burst. The release of erythrocytes and fibrinogens provokes the formation of subcutaneous edema. Such a clinical picture is characteristic of hemorrhagic spots of immunocomplex pathogenesis.
When a disease of infectious etiology in the body there is a certain pathogen that releases toxins. Pathogenic microorganisms affect the capillaries, leading to disorders in peripheral hemodynamics. The activity of the blood coagulation apparatus increases, which provokes the appearance of spots.
Features
One of the most common types of pathology is vasculitis. The clinical picture of this defect is characterized by the appearance of erythematous hemorrhagic spots, rising above the level of the epithelium. The appearance of small vesicles and nodes is observed, instead of which ulcers and erosions with a serous secretion form over time. When drying, the neoplasms become covered with crusts.
The rash spreads mainly on the legs, especially in the area of the joints. In some cases, spots are localized on the body. In this case, the general condition of the victim, as a rule, does not change. Visually, erythematous hemorrhagic spots can be determined from the photo. It is very important to pay attention to the external manifestations of the disease in time and immediately begin treatment. Usually this pathology has a chronic form, regularly recurs.
Reasons
A hemorrhagic rash can appear at any age and inwomen, and in men. In adult patients, spots are often accompanied by liver damage. Most often, the pathological phenomenon covers the skin of the legs, arms or back. Although an abnormal rash can spread throughout the body. The causes of hemorrhagic spots on the legs and other parts of the body can be:
- alcohol abuse;
- prolonged exposure to chemicals;
- various damage;
- viruses, most commonly hepatitis;
- long-term use of certain groups of medications;
- regular consumption of fatty, smoked and fried foods;
- inflammatory processes in the body;
- infection;
- disorders in the functioning of the immune system;
- long exposure to the sun or frost;
- severe intoxication;
- serious colds;
- allergic reaction of the body;
- genetic predisposition.
When the liver is damaged, one of its main functions is disturbed - to promote blood clotting. And this phenomenon, in turn, provokes the appearance of abnormal spots on the skin.
As already mentioned, one of the causes of hemorrhagic rash may be a genetic predisposition. Among the probable diseases of this type, hemophilia most often provokes a rash.
Other prerequisites
In addition, hemorrhagic spots can occur due to vascular damage in Wegener's pathology. This autoimmune disease islocalized or generalized. In the first variant, the eyes and ENT organs are usually exposed to pathology. And with the generalized type, the airways are damaged, and the rash itself forms on the legs.
Hemorrhagic spots may be infectious. In such a situation, the disease can be caused by:
- meningitis;
- scarlet fever;
- tick bite.
It is far from always possible to determine the exact causes of a pathological rash. But be that as it may, only specialists should deal with the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Symptoms
Photos of hemorrhagic spots on the legs and other parts of the body make it possible to see with your own eyes the signs of such a common pathology. The first symptom of the defect is small hemorrhages that resemble miniature bruises. They can be found on the folds of the limbs, feet, palms and joints. In some situations, rashes cover the face. They can also spread throughout the body.
Most often, hemorrhagic spots appear on the legs, which makes the diagnosis much more complicated. After all, such a sign is characteristic of many pathologies.
Another important symptom is joint damage. This symptom is manifested in most cases of the disease. As a rule, the lesion covers the ankle or knee joint. In this case, the patient may be disturbed by pain syndrome that occurs periodically. In some situations, an inflammatoryprocess.
Visual signs of the disease can be seen in the photo of hemorrhagic spots.
Pathologies are also characterized by sharp pains in the abdomen. Such symptoms may be accompanied by other manifestations:
- nausea;
- diarrhea;
- vomit;
- increased body temperature.
Some patients develop internal bleeding.
Features of signs
Depending on the cause that provoked the appearance of an anomaly, its symptoms can vary significantly. In meningitis, the rash is usually stellate with areas of necrosis in the center. When bitten by a tick, the rash is profuse and accompanied by fever. Visually, the pathology can be determined independently by looking at the photo of hemorrhagic spots.
Small rash may occur on the skin if the liver is damaged. In such a situation, spots that itch may be a symptom of hemorrhagic syndrome. Spider veins may appear at the top of the body. Unlike hemorrhagic spots, these hemorrhages temporarily disappear if the skin is slightly pressed or stretched.
With an exacerbation of the pathology, blood may appear in damaged areas. And in moments of remission, the skin can clear up.
In case of stellate rashes, the patient must be immediately admitted to the hospital. After all, spots of this kind indicate a generalization of the phenomenon.
General principles of treatment
First of all, of course, it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of "hemorrhagicspots". Photos of the disease will help in self-diagnosis, but you can finally verify the accuracy of suspicions only with the help of laboratory tests.
The main task of therapy is to eliminate the cause of spots, that is, the primary pathology. For example, if the disease was caused by meningitis, then its treatment is carried out exclusively in stationary conditions.
In fact, it is not the hemorrhagic spots themselves that are dangerous, but the causes that gave rise to them. If you do not worry about therapy in a timely manner, the patient may face a number of different complications. Among them are internal bleeding, disorders in the work of the cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys, and even gangrene.
Medicated treatment
For hemorrhagic spots, doctors usually prescribe antibiotics, hormones and immunosuppressants.
- Antibacterial therapy is needed to clear the infection. The appropriate medication is selected depending on the sensitivity to the pathogen.
- Hormone therapy is needed to suppress inflammation. Corticosteroids, such as Prednisone, are commonly used for this.
- If the patient has a mild form of the defect, then the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is quite enough. Among them, the most commonly used are: Piroxicam, Diclofenac, Indomethacin.
- Immunosuppressive therapy helps to suppress autoimmune processes by destroying the cells required forproduction of immunity. This type of treatment is resorted to only in cases where other methods have not brought the desired result.
- If the appearance of pathology provoked Wegener's disease, then complex therapy based on cytostatic drugs and glucocorticosteroids is used. Most often, Prednisolone, Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate are prescribed.
- Anticoagulants are also used in the treatment. Usually prescribed "Heparin" intravenously.
- If the patient complains of itching, then antihistamines are needed, such as Tavegil or Suprastin.
- In addition, with hemorrhagic spots, you need to cleanse the body of toxins. For this, sorbents are used, for example, Enterosgel, Laktofiltrum, activated carbon.
If the disease is caused by a genetic predisposition, the patient needs lifelong drug therapy. Otherwise, irreparable changes may occur in the body.
Plasmapheresis
Another popular treatment for hemorrhagic spots. Blood is taken from the patient, which is then purified from specific antibodies and returned to the circulation.
Plasmapheresis makes it possible to purify the biological fluid from autoimmune antibodies, immune complexes and substances that cause inflammation. This method of therapy brings good, but temporary results.
