The thyroid gland in the process of performing its functions produces various biologically active trace elements of organic origin, which are formed in certain cells of the endocrine glands that enter the blood. Thyroxine is one of the most important thyroid hormones, which affects all systems of human life. The substance is involved in the regulation of the metabolism of trace elements and affects the development and growth of the body.
Thyroxine is a hormone that has an effect on blood pressure, increasing it. The mental state of a person, energy also depend on its content in the body. Thyroxine in most cases affects metabolic processes and speed of thinking. It also affects the heart rate.
With a normal concentration of thyroxine in plasma, a person is not threatened with obesity if he does not have diseases that contribute to weight gain. This happens due to the fact that the hormone affects the metabolic rate.substances in the body. When a person with a normal content of thyroxin in the body eats more than the norm, biologically active substances of an organic nature are produced in an accelerated manner, thereby accelerating metabolism and burning fat faster.
What threatens the lack of a hormone?
The lack of thyroxin immediately has a detrimental effect on human he alth. When the thyroid gland creates a small amount of the necessary hormone, a person develops hypothyroidism (a disease that is caused by a decrease in the function of the endocrine gland and insufficient hormone production). The severe degree of this disease is called myxedema (a disease caused by insufficient supply of organs and tissues with thyroid hormones). Among its main features, you can pay attention to the following:
- human skin flakes off, scales appear;
- patients become sleepy and often depressed;
- they have brittle hair, soft nail plate;
- these patients tend to have low blood pressure;
- swelling appears on the face, the cheeks become ruddy;
- may have trouble conceiving;
- overweight occurs.
Thyroxine deficiency is common, especially in women of retirement age. Eliminating hypothyroidism is simple - patients are advised to take drugs that have substitutes for this hormone in their composition, while the person resumes his former vital activity. Such people are also prescribed drugs with maximumconcentration of iodine.
There is also an unconditional form of this disease. In this case, the patient needs to take medicines all his life to adjust the amount of thyroxine in the body. It is very important to detect in time the presence of a congenital syndrome that develops with a low concentration of thyroid hormones, therefore, an analysis for this disease is taken from infants five days after birth. "L-thyroxine" is a drug of thyroid hormones. What is the dosage of thyroxine? We will talk about this below.
Composition
The drug is produced in the form of tablets of ten pieces in contour cells, two, three, four, five, six, eight, ten blisters per pack. Twenty or fifty pieces in polymer containers. Fifty pieces in blister packs, only one blister pack. One capsule of the drug "L-thyroxine" contains the active substance - levothyroxine sodium.
The drug is manufactured by Berlin-Chemie with different concentrations of the active trace element in dosages - fifty, seventy-five, one hundred, one hundred twenty-five, one hundred and fifty micrograms. Since the course must be started with fifty micrograms per day, dividing this dosage of thyroxin (according to the instructions) into two doses, for convenient use it is better to purchase a medicine with a concentration of the main trace element - fifty micrograms. This tablet is easier to split into two parts.
Pharmacological properties
Levothyroxine is considered the main substance of "L-Thyroxine"sodium is a chemical enantiomer of thyroxin, which is transformed in the liver in a small amount into triiodothyronine, then passes into the cells of the body and affects metabolism, as well as tissue growth.
In small doses, the drug is able to have an anabolic effect on fat and protein metabolism. In medium dosages, it increases the need for oxygen in tissues, increases the functional activity of the nervous system, as well as the heart and blood vessels, activates growth and development, by improving the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. In higher doses, the active substance inhibits the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the pituitary gland.
Pharmacological action is manifested within seven to twelve days after the use of the medication. The same amount of time after its termination, the effect persists.
In hypothyroidism, the therapeutic effect occurs after three to five days. Tissue growth throughout the endocrine organ decreases or disappears completely after six months.
After entering the body, the main trace element is absorbed almost completely in the upper small intestine. Absorption of the drug is approximately eighty percent of the accepted dosage. With the joint use of food, the absorption of the substance decreases. The maximum content in plasma is reached approximately five to six hours after the use of "L-thyroxine".
The active substance is characterized by a very high bond with albumin, thyroxine-binding prealbumin, and thyroxine-binding globulin. The exchange of thyroid hormones occurspredominantly in the kidneys, liver and brain. A small amount of the main trace element undergoes the process of splitting carbon dioxide from organic acids or amino acids and removing amino groups from the molecule.
In addition, there is an addition to sulfuric and glucuronic acids, mainly in the liver. The method of excretion of metabolites is through the intestines and kidneys with urine. The half-life varies from six to seven days, in people with thyrotoxicosis this process takes three to four days, in patients with hypothyroidism - from nine to ten days.
Indications
L-thyroxine tablets are recommended for use in the presence of the following ailments and diseases:
- Euthyroid goiter (compensatory enlargement of the thyroid gland with a lack of iodine in the body).
- Hypothyroidism (a disease caused by a decrease in thyroid function and insufficient production of hormones).
- Period after thyroid surgery.
- Malignant formation in the organs of the endocrine system.
- Thyroid disease, accompanied by its enlargement and increased production of thyroid hormones.
- Performing a thyroid suppression test.
Contraindications
"L-thyroxine" is not recommended for use in the presence of the following conditions and diseases:
- Acute myocardial infarction (source of necrosis of the heart muscle, which is formed as a result of acute circulatory disorders).
- Acute myocarditis(a disease in which there is focal or diffuse inflammation of the heart muscle).
- Lactase deficiency.
- Impaired absorption of glucose and galactose.
- Increased sensitivity to levothyroxine.
- Hypertension (persistent high blood pressure above normal).
- Arrhythmia (pathological condition, disturbance of rhythm and contraction of the heart).
- Ischemia of the heart (lack of blood supply to the myocardium).
- Atherosclerosis (a chronic disease of the arteries resulting from lipid metabolism disorders and accompanied by the deposition of cholesterol in the inner lining of blood vessels).
- Angina (a clinical syndrome characterized by a sensation or feeling of discomfort in the chest).
- Diabetes mellitus (an endocrine disease caused by a deficiency in the body of the hormone insulin or its low biological activity).
- Malabsorption syndrome (a condition in which there is a violation of absorption in the small intestine).
Method of reception
"L-thyroxine" is taken orally in the morning on an empty stomach, at least one to two hours before breakfast, without chewing and drinking water. What are the dosages of "L-thyroxine"?
For the implementation of a hormone replacement program to prevent hypothyroidism in people under fifty-five years of age in the absence of heart and vascular diseases, the required daily dosage of the drug is 1.6-1.8 micrograms per kilogram of body weight.
Daily Dosingtablets "L-thyroxine" is determined by the attending doctor purely individually and depends on the appointments.
Persons over fifty-five years of age or in the presence of diseases of the heart and blood vessels dosing is prescribed at the rate of 0.9 micrograms per kilogram of body weight.
Severely obese patients are calculated at a "he althy weight". At the first stage of treatment for hypothyroidism, the dosage of thyroxine is as follows:
- People without cardiovascular disease under the age of fifty-five is: for men from one hundred to one hundred and fifty micrograms per day, for women from seventy-five to one hundred micrograms per day.
- Patients over fifty-five years of age or patients with cardiovascular disease, regardless of gender, should take thyroxine at a dosage of 25 micrograms per day with a gradual increase in dosage (twenty-five micrograms with an interval of sixty months) until normalization plasma thyroid stimulating hormone.
If negative signs of the heart and blood vessels occur or worsen, it is necessary to adjust the therapy of cardiovascular diseases. The recommended daily dosage of L-thyroxine tablets to eliminate hypothyroidism, depending on the age of the child, is as follows:
- From birth to six months, ten to fifty micrograms.
- From six months of the year, the daily dose is fifty to seventy-five micrograms.
- From one year to five years prescribed seventy-five to one hundred micrograms a day.
- Six to twelveyears, the dosage varies from one hundred to one hundred and fifty micrograms per day.
- Adolescents twelve years of age and older should take one hundred to two hundred micrograms a day.
In addition, there are also recommended daily doses of "L-thyroxine" tablets depending on the disease, for example:
- To eliminate euthyroid goiter, seventy-five to two hundred micrograms per day should be taken.
- For the prevention of recurrence after surgery for euthyroid goiter, take from seventy-five to two hundred micrograms.
- As part of complex treatment for thyrotoxicosis, fifty to one hundred micrograms are consumed.
- For malignant and benign neoplasms in the thyroid gland, one hundred and fifty to three hundred micrograms are used.
- When performing a thyroid suppression test one month before the procedure, seventy-five micrograms are prescribed, fourteen days before the test, a dosage of two hundred micrograms is recommended.
- For small patients from birth to three years of age, daily dosing of levothyroxine is given one and a half hours before feeding. As a rule, before use, the L-thyroxine tablet must be dissolved in a liquid until a fine suspension is formed.
- With hypothyroidism, the drug is used throughout life. To eliminate thyrotoxicosis, the drug is used in complex therapy with antithyroid drugs after reaching the euthyroid phase. The duration of treatment with the main trace element for various diseases is determined by the attending doctor.
The use of "L-thyroxine" in bodybuilding
Hormons of the endocrine gland are of great interest in bodybuilding. The thyroid gland is one of the most important in the human body. The general he alth of a person depends on the correct functioning, since it produces the hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine, which directly affect metabolism.
In most cases, athletes who follow a diet and exercise frequently lose body fat rather slowly. The reason for this is the weak work of the endocrine system.
Currently, there are no drugs containing triiodothyronine in Russia. And "L-thyroxine" is widely distributed in the Russian Federation, as it is prescribed by doctors to patients who suffer from hypothyroidism to restore hormonal balance.
The drug has low activity, but together with special strains it turns into a biologically active form of thyroid hormones of the thyroid gland. The hormone is often used by athletes in preparation for competitions. In most cases, its use can lead to serious negative results that are associated with improper use, sometimes even thoughtless. This is due to the fact that novice bodybuilders who are in search of magic drugs use "L-thyroxine", after which it comes to replacement treatment throughout life. Therefore, the frivolous use of the drug leads to very negativeconsequences.
How to take "L-thyroxine" in bodybuilding?
You need to use "L-thyroxine" in a "slide" just like triiodothyronine. The difference lies only in the concentration of the microelement taken: from twenty-five to one hundred micrograms of triiodothyronine is from one hundred to three hundred micrograms of thyroxine. Despite this, more than two hundred micrograms of thyroxine should not be consumed. How to calculate the dosage of thyroxine?
Reception scheme:
- First day - twenty-five micrograms.
- Second day - fifty micrograms.
- Third day - seventy-five micrograms.
- Fourth day - one hundred micrograms.
- Fifth day - one hundred and twenty-five micrograms.
- Sixth day - one hundred and fifty micrograms.
You can not refuse the use of the medication without adhering to a certain method - the cancellation of the course of therapy is the same, but in reverse order.
Differences between the hormones "Thyroxine" and "Triiodothyronine"
Thyroxin itself does not show activity, but together with selenium it can turn into a rather powerful triiodothyronine. In this regard, the hormone is sometimes compared with a prosteroid. Some medical professionals believe that triiodothyronine preparations are superior to those containing thyroxine, but this is not the case.
The first thing you need to pay attention to is that triiodothyronine can provoke serious hormonal disruptions, which can negativelyaffect the thyroid gland.
With an increase in the level of thyroid hormones, the endocrine gland can lose its functions for a long time. Therefore, the use of thyroid biologically active substances of organic nature requires a gradual increase in dose.
In addition, the dosage should correspond to the physical performance of the athlete. Excessive excess of the hormone leads to thyrotoxicosis, which is associated with negative consequences.
Secondly, the hormone thyroxine is much easier to get. Today, "L-thyroxine" is dispensed in pharmacies without a prescription, although this cannot be done by law. Triiodothyronine cannot be purchased in pharmacies at all, although until recently it could be bought under the name Triakana.
Besides this, the prices of these drugs vary quite a lot. This means that L-thyroxine is a more affordable drug than Triakana.
And the most interesting thing is that, according to athletes, the hormone is not colored negatively. If you refuse to use it, the weight loss is almost imperceptible.
Method of using the drug for weight loss
Use "L-thyroxine" must be two hours after a meal or sixty minutes before a meal. This is due to the fact that the products reduce the bioavailability of the drug "L-thyroxine". According to the instructions for use for weight loss, the dosage regimen is as follows:
1. The total duration of the course varies from four to seven weeks. Sharpit is not worth canceling the therapy, the dosage should be reduced gradually to a small amount.
2. It is necessary to start using the drug with fifty micrograms. This dosage should be divided into two doses of twenty-five micrograms in the morning and evening until six in the evening. To avoid possible heart failure in the morning, you need to take twenty-five micrograms of metoprolol. Additional use of another twenty-five micrograms of metoprolol is necessary if, when measuring the pulse at rest in the evening, it is more than seventy beats per minute.
3. The dosage of thyroxine for weight loss is important to bring up to three hundred micrograms per day. This number of the drug is divided into three applications, while the last use should not be later than six in the evening. In addition, continue taking the beta-blocker metoprolol. At the same time, its dosage is increased to one hundred micrograms per day, dividing it into two doses of fifty micrograms. If the pulse is above seventy beats per minute, you need to select the dose individually, gradually increasing to the required amount.
5. Blood pressure should be one hundred and forty to one hundred millimeters of mercury. When it rises above the standard, it is necessary to increase the dosing of metoprolol.
6. Rest between treatments should be at least three to four weeks.
When taking "L-thyroxine" for weight loss, it is important to evaluate the ratio of positive effects and negative consequences. The thoughtless use of "L-thyroxine" can cause many negative reactions.and will end up requiring you to take the drug every day for the rest of your life.
Prohibitions on the use should be carefully considered when using the drug for weight loss. According to reviews, the dosage of thyroxine for weight loss (to achieve the desired result) must be very high, so the medication should be controlled by a doctor.
Which will improve results and speed up weight loss
To enhance the effect when taking "L-thyroxine" for weight loss you need:
1. Low calorie food. You can use diets that are based on counting the calories that are contained in the foods consumed. You need to consume 1200 calories per day.
2. Daily exercise and exercise are important. It can be walks, morning exercises, jogging. Power sports will be especially effective, which will help eliminate body fat and increase muscle mass.
Side effects
When using "L-thyroxine" in compliance with all prescriptions and under the supervision of a medical specialist, no negative phenomena were noted. With increased sensitivity to the active trace element, an allergy may occur.
Other negative effects can only occur with drug poisoning.
Overdose
When drug intoxication occurs, symptoms appear that are characteristic of thyrotoxicosis, for example:
- sweating;
- pain in the heart;
- violationheart rate;
- rapid heart rate;
- trembling limbs;
- diarrhea;
- loss of sleep;
- anxiety;
- weight loss.
Depending on the symptoms of poisoning, the doctor may advise to reduce the daily dosage of "L-thyroxine". After the condition returns to normal, the use of the medicine should be started with extreme caution from the minimum dosage.
Features
When hypothyroidism occurs, which is caused by damage to the pituitary gland, it is important to conduct an examination and determine whether there is still insufficiency of the adrenal cortex.
If positive, treatment with glucocorticosteroids should be started before using thyroid hormones to correct hypothyroidism to avoid acute adrenal insufficiency.
Sometimes it is necessary to control the content of a tropic biologically active substance in plasma, an increase in this indicator indicates an insufficient dosage. the main trace element does not affect the attention and speed of psychomotor reactions, which are important for driving.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
Treatment of hypothyroidism during the "interesting position" and breastfeeding should be continued. During pregnancy, the level of thyroxin-binding globulin increases, so it is necessary to increase the dosage of "L-Thyroxine" in case of hypothyroidism.
However, breastfeeding mothers need to undergo therapy under the supervision of a doctor, strictlyadhering to his orders. According to the instructions for use, "L-Thyroxine" can be used in pediatrics in accordance with the dosing regimen.
The concentration of thyroid hormone, which is excreted in breast milk (even when used in high doses of thyroxine during pregnancy), is small, so it is not able to provoke any disorders in the baby.
Opinions
Reviews about "L-Thyroxine" in most cases only positive. Patients confirm that the medicine normalizes the balance of hormones of the endocrine system, and this has a beneficial effect on overall well-being.
Negative feedback contains complaints about the occurrence of side effects. "L-Thyroxine" is intended to eliminate endocrinological diseases, its steroid action is often used to eliminate excess weight. People claim that the drug helps to correct body weight, especially when supplemented with diet.
Doctors in the reviews emphasize that levothyroxine sodium can only be taken with reduced thyroid function. Being overweight is usually one of the symptoms of a malfunction of this organ, so a decrease in body fat can be considered a kind of side effect of the drug.
Use "El-Thyroxine" in increased dosages only for weight loss is strictly prohibited, as this is fraught with the appearance of various he alth problems. In this regard, the medication should be prescribed only by a doctor after the diagnosis is established.
Cost"L-Thyroxine" depending on the dosage may be:
- fifty tablets of fifty micrograms - from eighty rubles;
- fifty tablets of one hundred micrograms - from one hundred rubles;
- one hundred tablets of one hundred micrograms - from one hundred and twenty rubles.
