Many professions are associated with dangerous or harmful factors that negatively affect a person's life. Some people do not have the opportunity to learn a particular craft at all for he alth reasons. To prevent industrial accidents and to prevent occupational diseases, a mandatory periodic medical examination is provided. Consider the rules of its organization and determine the persons responsible for this.
Legislation on the medical examination procedure
The employer is fully responsible for labor safety. The law imposes on him the obligation to timely organize the passage of a medical examination when applying for a job or during the period of employment. The following legal documents govern this obligation:
- Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
- Order of the Federal Ministry of He alth of 2004, establishing a list of hazardous and hazardous production work, the performance of which requires periodic medical examinations of workers.
- Order of Rosminzdravmedprom, which contains information on the category of employees subject to mandatory medicalinspection with an indication of its frequency.
- Sectoral documents (sanitary rules and regulations).
The Labor Code obliges employers to organize a medical examination by an employee who must comply with the requirements of medical control. Violation of the rules by an employee or employer can lead to administrative liability. A periodic medical examination not passed on time will result in the removal of the employee from the performance of official duties. Moreover, if it is the fault of the employer, then the duration of downtime will be paid. Otherwise, the person will be left without wages.
The concept and goals of medical examination
Medical examination is a set of measures and interventions that are aimed at diagnosing pathological conditions of a person and preventing the risks of developing occupational and other diseases. Periodic procedures are carried out in order to monitor the he alth of employees and reduce industrial injuries. For each type of profession, there are deadlines in which the employee must see a doctor.
Periodical medical examination aims to monitor and promptly respond to changes in he alth status. It is thanks to such events that it is possible to recognize the development of occupational diseases at the initial stages and begin timely treatment. The results of the survey may prompt the employer to transfer the employee to a less hazardous area of production. Medical verdictcommission ultimately either confirms the fact that the employee is fit to perform his duties, or, conversely, does not allow him to them.
Prerequisites for Medical Examination
Periodic medical examinations are carried out at certain times, which depend on the degree of danger of production factors and their type of harmfulness. It is possible to determine whether an employee is affected by any adverse conditions using the annex to Order No. 302n.
| Factor group | Varieties |
| Chemical | Mixtures and chemicals that are measured in the air of the work area and on human skin. These include substances of biological nature obtained by chemical synthesis (vitamins, antibiotics, enzymes) |
| Biological | Pathogenic microorganisms, producers, spores and living cells, pathogens of infections and epidemiological diseases |
| Physical | Vibroacoustics, microclimate, nonionizing and ionizing radiation, light environment |
| Severity of work | Physical static and dynamic load, movement in space, working posture, weight of the load moved and lifted manually |
| Work intensity | Hearing strain, active surveillancebehind the production process, the density of sound and light signals, the load on the vocal apparatus |
When exposed to at least one of the above factors, a periodic medical examination should be carried out at least once a year.
Today, when applying for almost any position, it is necessary to undergo a preliminary medical examination. And this is not at all a whim of the employer. Preliminary and periodic medical examinations, in addition to employees exposed to hazardous and harmful factors, are employees:
- treatment-and-prophylactic and children's institutions;
- food industry;
- trade;
- catering;
- waterworks.
Mandatory inspection is carried out in order to protect the population from the emergence and spread of dangerous diseases.
Referral for medical examination
Preliminary and periodic medical examinations are regulated by Order No. 302n. In the first case, before being hired for a certain position, the employer issues a referral to the applicant, which contains data on the enterprise, the intended position and the nature of harmful or hazardous production factors (if any). The list of specialists and laboratory and functional studies that a future employee needs to undergo is established in accordance with the List of Works and Harmful Factors. The medical examination is considered completed if all prescribed procedures are completed. At this stage, a medical opinion is formed, which allows or prohibits the employee from taking a certain position. It is important to understand that in the event of a negative decision of the medical board, an employment contract cannot be concluded with the applicant.
Periodic medical examinations of employees are carried out within the time limits specified in the List of Works and Harmful Factors. Two months before the next medical examination, the employer is obliged to issue a referral to the employee. The employee undertakes to appear at the specified medical facility on time.
Organization of periodic medical examinations
Before sending employees to a medical facility for a medical examination, the employer has several things to do. First of all, you need to make a list of the contingent of workers. This is a regulatory act of an enterprise containing information about the professions of employees that are subject to a preliminary or periodic medical examination. A sample of the established form for this document is not provided, but a list of data has been developed that should be indicated in it:
- employee position according to the staffing table;
- name of harmful production factors or type of work.
Additional information may be included here at the discretion of the employer. The list of contingents is approved once, until any changes occur at the enterprise (new jobs, improvement or deterioration of working conditions, reorganization). The finished document is sent to Rospotrebnadzor.
Name lists of personsare developed annually two months before the agreed date of the medical examination. It must indicate the length of service precisely in the conditions of the declared production factor. It should be noted that the passage of a periodic medical examination is carried out at least once every 2 years in a medical institution and once every 5 years in the center of occupational pathology. The lists are compiled separately.
Issue of order
The company enters into an agreement with a medical institution, where employees will undergo regular medical examinations. After agreeing on the terms, a schedule of examinations is drawn up, with which it is necessary to familiarize the employees. Each person from the surname list confirms the fact of informing with a personal signature. At the same time, the employee may be issued a referral for a periodic medical examination.
The need for planned preventive measures is confirmed by the issuance of an order, which is drawn up in any form. Consider the approximate content of this document:
Order "On Periodic Medical Examination"
In accordance with Art. 212, 213, 266 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, ORDER:
- Approve the lists of employees who are subject to mandatory medical examination in 2016. A schedule of preventive measures and a list of workers is attached.
- Send the employees on the list to the medical institution "City Polyclinic No. 2" in accordance with the established schedule for medical examinations.
- Heads of departments and subdivisions should not allow these employees to perform official duties until examinations have been completed.
- Heads of departments and divisions to familiarize employees with the order for signature.
- Control over the execution of the order is entrusted to Ivanov I. V.
After which the full name of the director is indicated, his personal signature and applications with a surname list of persons who need to come to the medical institution for a medical examination. The order for periodic medical examinations is a mandatory document, which is drawn up on the basis of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and the Order of the Federal Ministry of He alth No. 302n.
Occupational Examination Frequency
As already mentioned, he alth monitoring of employees is carried out under the condition that the latter work in hazardous and hazardous industries, regularly visit clinics and representatives of professions who in one way or another come into contact with a large number of people. Mandatory periodic medical examinations are required for employees:
- Food industry, food trade, public catering - twice a year, tests are carried out for infectious diseases and STDs, as well as an analysis for the carriage of staphylococcus and other bacteriological studies. Once a year, a fluorography is prescribed, a consultation with a therapist and laboratory tests for the presence of helminths.
- Children's preschool, school and secondary professional, medical institutions - examination for the presence of STDs, infectious diseases andbacteriological studies are carried out up to 4 times a year. The general therapeutic commission with the passage of fluorography and laboratory tests is required once a year.
- Pharmacy and non-food trade - once a year, an examination by a dermatovenereologist, therapist, fluorography and laboratory tests are shown.
- Utility services for the population and swimming pools - 2 times a year they are examined for the presence of STDs and 1 time per year they undergo a standard medical examination. Diphtheria vaccination required.
It is worth noting that the number of examinations, regardless of profession, includes such procedures as fluorography, a blood test for syphilis, bacteriological studies for STDs, an examination by a narcologist and a psychiatrist. For women, a visit to the gynecologist is mandatory.
Medical examination of persons working in hazardous and hazardous industries
Depending on the category of dangerous factors, the deadlines for employees to pass a mandatory medical commission are set. It is worth taking into account that, regardless of the length of service and profession, persons are subject to an annual examination:
- under 21;
- employed in the Far North (including in equivalent areas) from another area;
- working on a rotational basis.
Consider the frequency of medical examination depending on the working conditions (profession).
| Types of work(manufacturing), profession | Timing |
| Explosion and fire | Once a year |
| With the use and carrying of weapons | Once a year |
| Emergency services | Once a year |
| Service electrical installations (over 42 VAC, over 110 VDC) | 1 every 2 years |
| In areas remote from honey. institutions | Once a year |
| Work on machines and equipment with moving parts | 1 every 2 years |
| Underground and high- altitude work | Once a year |
| Land transport management | 1 every 2 years |
| Underwater work in a gas environment (at normal pressure) | 1 every 2 years |
Do not forget that there is a professional periodic medical examination, which is necessary to pass in the center of occupational pathology once every five years.
Medical examination before the start of the working day (shift)
Some employees, who are responsible for more than their own lives, undergo a small physical examination daily. This includes workers employed in hazardous and hazardous industries. Purpose: monitoring the state of he alth after a hard day and fixinghe alth complaints. Drivers of all ground vehicles, as well as pilots, undergo periodic medical examinations at work. This time is included in the composition of the working day (shift) and takes 15 minutes at the most, unless, of course, there is a suspicion that the employee's condition is deteriorating. Procedures include measurement of pulse, pressure, general assessment of he alth status and reactions. Periodic medical examination of drivers without fail includes a check of clarity of consciousness. In the presence of alcohol or drug intoxication (which is confirmed or denied by express tests if necessary), the employee is removed from the flight. General malaise, pressure drops can also become a medical withdrawal from work duties.
The legislation has made it mandatory to pass a pre-trip check of the condition of drivers for each enterprise or individual entrepreneur. Every person employed on a vehicle owned by a legal entity undergoes a medical examination. The doctor or paramedic decides on the admission of the employee to work. Conclusion honey. personnel must be strictly observed.
Who pays?
In order for an employee to pass a periodic medical examination, it is required to pay for preventive procedures. Who bears the cost of the medical examination? When hiring and carrying out labor activities, the costs of a medical examination are borne by the employer. This rule is regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Article 213). The enterprise is free to independently choose a medical institution. Before concluding a contract with an organization, you should make sure of the following:moments:
- organization is licensed;
- in the list of services and works in the appendix to the license, it is noted that the institution has the right to conduct medical examinations or examination of professional suitability;
- has all the necessary specialists on staff;
- owns required equipment;
- provides services at the address specified in the license.
It is also necessary to clarify the order of examination by a narcologist and a psychiatrist. Often additional visits to dispensaries are required to obtain mental and physical he alth certificates. The cost of services is determined based on the number of required consultations and studies.
Even if the applicant does not find a job after passing the medical examination, the employer has no right to demand reimbursement of expenses. Deductions from wages or self-payment for preventive examinations are unlawful in relation to the employee. The employer is obliged to bear all expenses and, in addition, keep the employee's salary for the duration of the medical examination within the average daily wage.
Periodic medical examination is an important event that allows timely diagnosis of occupational and socially dangerous diseases. Procedures are performed primarily in the interests of the employee. Both the employer and the employee should comply with the requirements of the law on passing medical examinations. Violations result in significant administrative fines.
