Chlamydia is a disease of an infectious nature, which leads to the penetration of chlamydia into the human body. The most common way chlamydia is transmitted is through unprotected sex. Chlamydia can simultaneously affect both internal and external organs of the reproductive system. Blood vessels, synovial lining of joints, respiratory tract, organs of hearing and vision, oral cavity, etc. are also negatively affected.
What is chlamydia?
Chlamydia are obligate harmful microorganisms. This means that they cannot exist on their own outside the body. Invading he althy cells, chlamydia destroys them, thereby triggering an inflammatory process that gradually spreads to other organs.
Methods of infection
The most susceptible to chlamydia in the mouth are women. According to statistics, the largest number of cases of infection with oral chlamydia was registered in women. Modes of infection include:
- Contact. To the development of oral chlamydiapromotes the use of objects of another patient. It can be a toothbrush, dishes, towels, bedding, underwear or cosmetics (hygienic lipstick, etc.). There are cases of infection after visiting the dentist. Chlamydia can easily be transmitted through the use of poorly processed dental instruments.
- Genital. The mucous membrane of the oral cavity becomes infected with chlamydia during oral sex. The risk of infection increases if there are wounds or aphthae in the mouth.
- Lack or lack of hygiene. If a person does not properly monitor the condition of the oral cavity, does not brush his teeth, does not use special rinses, etc., then when pathogenic microorganisms enter, they begin to actively develop and spread.
- Vertical. This method is typical for the infection of an infant during childbirth with infected amniotic fluid that enters the oral cavity. As a result, the newborn baby develops oral chlamydia.
The incubation period is no more than three weeks. Chlamydia in the mouth can easily be confused with symptoms of other oral diseases. Sometimes there are no symptoms at all, the patient does not feel any changes in the condition and does not see the need to go to a medical facility.
Symptoms of oral chlamydia
When chlamydia enters the mucous membrane, they begin to multiply rapidly, which leads to the development of an acute inflammatory process. Subsequently, with a lacktherapeutic measures, microorganisms spread and infect the throat.
The main symptoms of chlamydia in the mouth are:
- feeling of discomfort and sharp pain in the throat, aggravated by swallowing;
- cough accompanied by severe and painful tickling;
- prolonged nasal congestion;
- sticky and thick mucus appears in the nasal part of the pharynx, gradually spreading to the sky;
- changing color of mucous membranes, gums and tongue;
- pasty white-yellow coating appears on the tongue;
- mucus accumulates at the back of the tongue;
- bad smell, reminiscent of rotten fish;
- enlarged submandibular lymph nodes;
- swelling of the tonsils and back of the throat.
Gradually, the patient loses the susceptibility of taste buds. The epithelial tissue dries out, flakes and cracks. Sometimes the tongue moves or twitches involuntarily due to spasms.
In advanced cases, asthma attacks may develop that were not previously present. It is difficult for the patient to inhale and exhale air, there is a feeling of suffocation. Most often, internal symptoms are similar to those of stomatitis or gingivitis, so the first changes should be consulted with a specialist.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of chlamydia in the mouth involves an initial visual examination. To detect chlamydia, a tongue scraping is done. A blood test may also be required. For more detailed diagnostics, the following methods are used:
- Polymerase chain reaction. This method is considered one of the most informative in the study of chlamydial infection.
- Enzymatic immunoassay involves the detection of antibody response to chlamydia. IgG, IgA, IgM - these antibodies are actively produced by the body in case of infection. Thanks to ELISA, it is possible to detect not only the main pathogen, but also to clarify the stage of chlamydia.
- Chlamydia cultures help determine antibiotic susceptibility. After the examination, the doctor, based on the study data, will be able to select the most effective drugs for the treatment of chlamydia.
- You can do a mini-test yourself at home, initially buying it at a pharmacy. If you have chlamydia trachomatis, you will see a positive result on the test. But the results may not be accurate, so you need to see a doctor anyway.
Therapy
In order to cure chlamydia of the oral cavity, special antifungal and antibacterial drugs are prescribed, in parallel with the intake of immunomodulators. The entire course of treatment for chlamydia in the mouth must be strictly observed, and any sexual intercourse should be temporarily excluded. For the most part, this concerns oral sex. Refusal of alcoholic beverages and the use of sour-milk products is necessary.
It is also necessary to undergo treatment for both partners, since in the future one of them can re-infect a he althy person. It is advisable to be in hospital under the supervision of the attending physician.
Medic altreatment
Treatment with medication should only be prescribed by the attending physician. The selection of drugs on their own is prohibited, since some drugs can cause a severe allergic reaction, which will lead to complications of the underlying disease. The most common oral chlamydia medications are:
- antifungal: "Fucis", "Itrakon", "Nystatin", "Lamikon", "Difluzol", "Fluconazole", "Diflucan";
- antibacterial: Tigecycline, Vancomycin, Mupirocin, Clindamycin, Spectinomycin;
- immunomodulators: Bestim, Neovastat, Interferon, Imudon, Taktivin, Vilozen;
- drugs of the macrolide group: Erythromycin, Spiramycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Josamycin;
- drugs of the penicillin group: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Tikarcilin;
- fluoroquinolones: Sparfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin.
The most common remedy for macrolide group disease is "Erythromycin", but it is difficult for patients to tolerate. What "Erythromycin" treats and how to take it correctly, the doctor will write. Also good in the treatment of this group helps"Azithromycin". Compared with other drugs, it has several advantages. It is often prescribed for chlamydia. The instructions for Azithromycin tablets say that they can be used even during pregnancy. But only if the doctor decides that chlamydia will cause more harm to the fetus than the drug.
In the group of fluoroquinols, "Ofloxacin" received good recommendations. The instructions for use of the tablets describe in detail how to take them.
Immune system plays an important role in the fight against any disease. If the immune system is weakened, then recovery will last longer and more difficult. To support immunity, special vitamin complexes can be prescribed to help enrich the body with essential nutrients.
In addition to preparations intended for oral use, it is recommended to use local antiseptics in the form of solutions for rinsing the mouth. Since antibiotic therapy strongly affects the liver, additional medications may be prescribed by the doctor to help restore the functioning of the organ.
Peculiarities of treatment of pregnant women and children
Care should be taken during pregnancy, as many of them are highly toxic. For example, tetracycline in chlamydia during pregnancy is contraindicated. Also, do not independently give unfamiliar drugs to children with these diseases. For children, the doctor selects individual treatment tactics and special preparations. medicines,intended for adults, have a powerful effect, which will negatively affect the condition of the child.
For example, the instructions for Azithromycin tablets indicate that the drug can provoke severe seizures in children. Also, certain drugs from immunomodulators can cause allergic reactions, which later will be difficult to neutralize.
Even knowing exactly what "Erythromycin", "Azithromycin", "Ofloxacin" and other drugs help from, you should not self-medicate. In any case, you need to consult a doctor and carefully study the instructions before use.
Proper nutrition
It is necessary to eat right, that is, the patient must have his own diet, which he will adhere to. When chlamydia can not eat dairy products, food should not be heavy and spicy. Steamed dishes are best, fresh vegetables (carrots, onions, tomatoes, cucumbers, turnips, cauliflower), fruits (oranges, apricots, apples, pears), berries (blackberries, strawberries, strawberries, gooseberries), lean fish (carp, cod, pollock, pike, hake) and meat (chicken, turkey, rabbit), seafood (shrimp, spiny lobster, crab, squid).
As a drink, natural juices from blueberries, lingonberries, currants, beets or cranberries are suitable. Also useful are some cereals with high levels of vitamin E and D: buckwheat, oatmeal and millet. Olive oil and sunflower oil have these vitamins.
Diet for children should be individuallynutritionist. With improper nutrition, a child may experience a lack of useful and necessary trace elements that help fight the disease. This condition leads to a weakening of the immune system.
Folk remedies
For the treatment of chlamydia in the mouth, you can use some folk remedies. Most often, these are solutions for rinsing the affected areas in the oral cavity. The recipes are:
- 5 medium-sized garlic cloves mince, pour a glass of boiling water and leave to infuse for 10 hours. After that, strain and rinse the mouth with warm solution 3 times a day.
- Take 1 tbsp. l. licorice root, yarrow, chamomile and birch buds, pour 500 ml of boiling water and leave for 45 minutes. At the end of time, strain and use as a rinse solution 2 times a day after meals.
- Take 2 tbsp. l. calendula flowers, pour a liter of hot water, leave to infuse for 1 hour. Strain and rinse your mouth 3 times a day after meals.
Before you use traditional medicine recipes for the treatment of oral chlamydia, you must inform your doctor about your intentions. If the specialist approves and the formulation of the funds does not interfere with the absorption of the prescribed drugs, then you can prepare the solutions yourself and rinse your mouth.
Chlamydia Prevention
The main recommendation for the prevention of chlamydia in general is the advice to use barrier contraceptives during intercourse. With multiplesexual intercourse increases the risk of contracting chlamydia. It is recommended to completely refrain from the use of alcohol and any psychotropic drugs, especially for women.
After complete recovery, it is necessary to undergo a second examination after 3 months in order to exclude a recurrence of the disease. This can happen due to the carelessness of both partners, especially if one of the infected has not been treated. It is also possible to carry out physiotherapy procedures - laser or ultrasound irradiation, etc.
Prognosis for disease
Timely access to a doctor and the treatment started give a favorable prognosis in the future, i.e. the patient recovers completely. However, it all depends on the patient, he must take the prescribed drugs without fail, strictly adhere to a he althy diet and be careful about his sexual life.
In order to make sure of a complete recovery, the patient will need to take biomaterial for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at least twice. Repeated blood testing for the presence of parasites is not ruled out. Only after excluding the presence of chlamydial infection can we talk about a complete recovery.
Pay attention
Oral chlamydia will not go away on its own, so do not hope for a spontaneous recovery. Many patients believe that if there are no severe symptoms, then everything is fine. If a disease is detected, immediately contact a qualifiedspecialist.
