In pharmacies, inexpensive pills for cystitis are often asked. "Negram" is one of these agents that has an antibacterial effect and is part of the quinolone group. The drug has a bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect, which is due to the concentration of the pathogen and its sensitivity. Its action lies in the fact that by inhibiting the course of polymerization, the synthesis of bacterial DNA is suppressed.
One tablet contains five hundred milligrams of nalidixic acid, as well as auxiliary elements such as potassium sorbate, dye E172, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, starch, gelatin, corn starch, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. five hundred milligrams and in the amount of fifty-six pieces. Appearance: round, biconvex, dark pink, with a notch on one side. Pyelonephritis tablets should be stored in a cool place where children cannot penetrate. The drug is valid for three years.
Pharmacological action
1. Pharmacodynamic indicators. Nalidixic acid (the active substance of Negram tablets) is a derivative of carboxylic acid, a chemotherapeutic agent related to gyrase inhibitors. It has a bactericidal effect on most gram-negative bacteria, and especially on E. coli and species such as Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Proteus. The drug is effective against salmonella and shigella.
2. Pharmacokinetic characteristics. After the oral route of taking the drug, nalidixic acid is absorbed almost completely, with a bioavailability of ninety-six percent. The highest plasma concentration occurs one to two hours after ingestion. The metabolism of nalidixic acid is carried out in the liver with the production of four metabolites. Only hydroxynalidixic acid differs in antibacterial action. Nalidixic acid is difficult to penetrate into organs and tissues. Most of it (about eighty-ninety percent) is excreted by the kidneys, and the rest - through the intestines. This is confirmed by the instructions for use attached to the drug "Negram".
The concentration of the pathogen and such a sign as sensitivity to the components of the drug determines the nature of the effect: bactericidal or bacteriostatic. This drug is not effective against Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. With prolonged use, resistance to pills may develop.
What are the indications for the drug "Negram"? Let's find out.
When to apply?
"Negro" is assigned in the following cases:
- for infectious and inflammatory disorders of the genitourinary system: urethral syndrome and urethritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, prostate diseases;
- for infections affecting the stomach and intestines, cholecystitis;
- as a prevention of infection during the surgeon's manipulations on the kidneys, bladder and ureters.
Use
Pills "Negro" are used inside. For adults, the initial dose is one gram every six hours. The therapy period is one week. For maintenance, five hundred milligrams should be consumed four times a day. The maximum dose in twenty-four hours is four grams, if the case is especially severe - up to six grams. Children under two years of age are recommended an initial dose of sixty milligrams per kilogram of body weight, a maintenance dose of thirty milligrams, taken every six hours.
Side effects
The following adverse reactions are possible:
1. From the side of the central nervous system: headache, drowsiness, weakness, increased intracranial pressure, visual defects, as well as color perception, diplopia, dysphoria, if used for a long time or in large doses, psychotic reactions and convulsions may occur.
2. From the gastrointestinal tract:nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, gastralgia, cholestasis, bleeding, changes in the activity of liver enzymes.
3. From the musculoskeletal system: myalgia, arthralgia, in children - damage to the cartilage of the joints.
4. From the excretory system: kidney failure.
5. Allergic manifestations: urticaria, itching, angioedema, rash.
6. Hematopoietic defects: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia.
7. Skin reactions: photosensitivity.
Because this drug can cause so many side effects, these inexpensive cystitis pills have a number of contraindications.
To whom and in what cases is "Negro" contraindicated?
Do not use "Negram" in case of intolerance to any component of the drug, children who are under two years of age, pregnant women, patients suffering from epilepsy, atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels of the head, deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, liver and kidney failure.
During lactation, drinking Negram tablets is possible only in extreme cases and under the close supervision of a specialist, if the mother's need for it is higher than the risk of unwanted effects in the child. When treating with this drug, nursing mothers noted changes in the color and consistency of the baby's stool. In these cases, it is recommended to give the child "Bifidumbacterin", since part of the drug enters the body with mother's milk, which means that dysbacteriosis may develop.
Do these helppills for pyelonephritis, and can they be given to children?
The use of "Negram" for the treatment of children
This medicine is given to children after they reach the age of two. At the beginning of treatment, the dose is sixty milligrams per kilogram of the child's weight, the maintenance dosage is reduced to thirty milligrams. These calculations apply to children between the ages of two and twelve. The daily dose should be divided into three or four times.
Interaction with other drugs
Tablets "Negram" can be combined with nitrofurans. But in the treatment with nitrofurazides, the use of the drug is categorically contraindicated. In addition, "Negram" is not prescribed simultaneously with anticoagulants, as this can cause bleeding of the mucous membranes of the intestines and stomach.
Overdose
Possible signs of overdose: increased side effects, metabolic acidosis, dyspepsia, confusion and loss of consciousness, convulsions, psychotic reactions.
In such cases, therapy is carried out by gastric lavage with 3% sodium bicarbonate solution, symptomatic treatment and elimination of dehydration.
"Negro" reviews
"Negro" has positive reviews. Based on the information obtained during the surveys, we can talk about its high efficiency, the rapid removal of acute manifestations of inflammatory and infectious conditions. Also, as the advantages of the drug, patients nameits availability and low price, which is from 150 rubles per pack. As the disadvantages of the drug, patients mention only one side effect - drowsiness after using the drug.
Additional notes
If the course of treatment lasts more than two weeks, it is necessary to monitor the functions of the liver and kidneys. If the patient has severe renal insufficiency, it is not recommended to use Negram tablets, since it is mainly excreted in the urine, and if creatinine clearance is low, then it accumulates in the body. During therapy, you should not be in direct sunlight. If the patient has porphyria, then nalidixic acid may contribute to the recurrence of this disease. In children and adolescents, the drug may affect temporary cartilage, and treatment should be discontinued if signs of arthralgia appear.
