Full-fledged human life largely depends on the he alth of the brain and nervous system. Therefore, diseases that affect these parts of the body make themselves felt through obvious and sometimes severe symptoms. One of the groups of such diseases are neurological syndromes. They should be given attention, since their appearance indicates the development of rather dangerous, intractable processes.
Neurological syndrome
To understand what is at stake, you need to understand what the syndrome itself is. This definition is used to describe a set of symptoms that have similar manifestations. This term allows you to make the diagnosis more accurate and easier. In other words, the term "syndrome" is used to describe a group of symptoms, not just one specific one.
It should be understood that this terminology is not always suitable for describing the disease, since the latter can combine several syndromes. Therefore, a competent determination of the patient's condition often requires high qualifications and experience.
Key groups
If you study the main neurological syndromes,then it will be possible to notice that some of them are similar, and therefore are combined into certain categories. In fact, we are talking about the three most common groups:
- Vestibular syndrome. There are various disturbances in the functioning of the brain. The symptoms in this case are quite bright, so it is extremely difficult to confuse it with other manifestations. Unsteadiness and dizziness can be identified as the main symptoms.
- Neurological syndrome associated with the musculoskeletal system. This includes various types of muscle weakness and paralysis. The most common cause of a paralysis problem is a stroke, although polio can also lead to a similar condition.
- Pain syndrome. This group can be found among patients more often than others. Symptoms in this category are characterized by severe pain. As an example, it makes sense to give nerve neuralgia, causing severe pain in the back and head.
- Increased intracranial pressure due to neuralgic disorders of various types.
Syndromes at an early age
Children, just like adults, are vulnerable to various diseases. For this reason, doctors have to deal with various syndromes in the case of patients of a younger age group.
As for specific groups of symptoms, they look like this:
1. Convulsive syndrome. If a child has convulsions, this may mean that the brain tissue is damaged with irritation of certain parts of the brain. dependingfrom age, such a neurological syndrome can manifest itself through generalized convulsions of the limbs, eyes and muscles of the face. It is also worth knowing that the convulsions themselves can be clonic and tonic. This means that they capture the entire body or move from one part of it to another. This condition is sometimes accompanied by difficulty breathing, passing stools and urine, or biting the tongue.
2. Effects of cerebrovascular syndrome. The main cause of this condition is the rapid neuropsychic exhaustion resulting from strong physical or psychological impulses. It can be illnesses, stresses, various loads and emotions. As a result, children have a violation of the ability to manipulate objects and conduct play activities. There is also a risk of emotional instability. By the end of the day, the symptoms may increase noticeably.
3. The problem of hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome. It appears due to an increase in intracranial pressure, followed by expansion of the cerebrospinal fluid spaces of the skull due to the fact that an excessive amount of fluid accumulates in them. A similar group of symptoms can manifest itself in the form of increased head growth, bulging of the fontanel and hydrocephalus.
4. Syndrome of hyperexcitability. This problem makes itself felt through such manifestations as sleep disturbance, emotional instability and motor restlessness. After examination, the doctor can fix another decrease in the threshold of convulsive readiness, pathological movements and an increase in reflexexcitability.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Symptoms and Treatment
The key symptom that indicates this disease is recurrent or persistent fatigue that lasts longer than six months. And we are talking about both physical exhaustion and mental exhaustion.
Speaking of the recurrent form, it is worth noting the following fact: it can intensify so much that it will clearly dominate the accompanying symptoms. The problem here lies in the fact that this syndrome cannot be neutralized with rest, because of which the patient's activity drops significantly in all areas of his life.
If we talk about the symptoms of CFS in more detail, then we need to highlight the following manifestations:
- muscle pain;
- feeling unwell after physical activity, which lasts around the clock;
- swollen painful lymph nodes, axillary and cervical especially;
- pain in the joints, not accompanied by signs of swelling or inflammation;
- impaired concentration and memory;
- sore throat;
- serious sleep disorders;
- headaches.
Chronic fatigue syndrome, the symptoms and treatment of which are of interest to many patients, is a rather urgent problem, so doctors have enough experience to correctly diagnose and prescribe remedial measures. But in general, treatment comes down to the organization of good nutrition, the normalization of the daily regimen, as well as the use of minerals andvitamins. Bad habits will also have to be abandoned, as well as a long pastime near the TV. Instead, it is better to get used to evening walks in the fresh air.
Regarding the topic of complex treatment, it is worth highlighting the following components:
- normalization of the regime of loads and rest;
- fasting days and dietary therapy;
- aromatherapy and massage;
- elimination of various chronic diseases that complicate the treatment process;
- use of medications if other means cannot neutralize the neurological syndrome;
- physiotherapy exercises and water procedures.
Speaking of drugs, it is worth noting that with such a problem, tranquilizers, sorbents, immunomodulators are relevant, and for allergies - antihistamines.
Features of radial neuropathy
This is another form of neurological syndrome that can be a source of serious problems. The essence of the destructive effect in this case is that due to damage or pinching of the radial nerve, quite noticeable symptoms appear in the region of the upper extremities. The good news is that such a problem does not lead to irreversible consequences. This means that all symptoms can be neutralized.
The reasons why radial neuropathy develops are quite simple. We are talking about cuts, fractures, bruises and other mechanical injuries, as a result of which compression of the radial nerve occurred. Sometimes during traumathe nerve itself is not affected, but the scars that subsequently form put pressure on it, and for this reason, dysfunction occurs. The appearance of this type of neuropathy can also be triggered by a chronic injury to the nerve trunk caused by its constant friction against the sharp edge of the tendon during prolonged hand loading. Excessive pressure from crutches and tourniquets can also lead to nerve damage.
Symptoms of radial neuropathy are quite obvious: the fingers of the palm cannot be bent and straightened normally, any movements with the hand, and especially with the fingers, become problematic. There is tension in the muscles that flex the hand as the muscle fibers that extensor the forearm are stretched.
When such symptoms make themselves felt, the first thing to do is to apply a splint to the forearm and hand area. To overcome this problem, predominantly conservative methods are used: taking B vitamins, paraffin baths, electrical stimulation and massage. Surgical intervention to restore the functions of the radial nerve is extremely rare. And of course, for a full recovery, you will have to undergo a complex of exercise therapy.
Progressive sclerosing polydystrophy
This problem has another name - Alpers syndrome. The essence of this disease is reduced to a deficiency of energy metabolism enzymes. Symptoms of polydystrophy appear at a very early age, usually 1-2 years.
First, generalized or partial seizures appear, as well asmyoclonus, which is sufficiently resistant to anticonvulsant treatment. The problems don't end there. Further, there is a delay in physical and psychomotor development, muscle hypotension, increased tendon reflexes, spastic paresis, as well as loss of skills that were acquired earlier. Do not exclude hearing and vision loss, vomiting, lethargy, the development of hepatomegaly, jaundice and even liver failure, which without timely competent treatment can be fatal.
At the moment, a single system for effective treatment of Alpers syndrome has not yet been developed, so doctors are working step by step with each specific symptom. Needless to say, without the help of a physician in such disorders of the brain, it is not possible to get a tangible improvement.
Shaye-Drager Syndrome
Under this name unfamiliar to many, a rather serious problem is hidden - multisystem atrophy. Such a diagnosis is made if the patient has a severe lesion of the autonomic nervous system. In fact, we are talking about a fairly rare disease that disrupts the functioning of the cerebellum of the brain, and also causes autonomic disorders and parkinsonism.
Doctors cannot yet compile a full set of causes of multisystem atrophy. But they tend to believe that this cerebellar dysfunction is rooted in the patient's genetic heritage.
As for treatment, in order to effectively influence the patient's condition, you must first make sure that you have to deal withShy-Drager syndrome, and not with other diseases that have similar symptoms (Parkinson's disease, etc.). The essence of treatment is to neutralize the symptoms. Doctors are not yet able to completely overcome such violations of brain functions.
Danger of Bruns Syndrome
This is another group of symptoms most closely related to neurological syndromes. The cause of this condition is the occlusion of the CSF pathways at the level of the cerebral aqueduct or the foramen of Magendie.
If we consider Bruns syndrome through the prism of general symptoms, then the picture will be as follows: respiratory and pulse disorders, vomiting, dizziness, pain in the head, loss of consciousness, ataxia, failures in muscle coordination and tremor.
Attention should also be paid to eye symptoms. This is a passing amaurosis, strabismus, ptosis, diplopia, as well as a decrease in the sensitivity of the cornea. In some cases, swelling of the optic nerve and its subsequent atrophy are recorded.
Dehydration, ventriculopuncture, as well as various cardiac and tonic drugs (caffeine, Kordiamin, Korglikon) are used as topical treatment. Depending on the nature of the disease progression algorithm, surgery may be indicated.
Wernicke's Encephalopathy
This neurological problem is quite serious. It may also be called Gaye-Wernicke syndrome. In fact, we are talking about damage to the hypothalamus and midbrain. Asthe reasons for this process can be determined by the lack of thiamine in the patient's body. It is worth noting that this syndrome can be the result of alcoholism, vitamin deficiency B1 and complete physical exhaustion.
The main symptoms include confusion, irritability, incoordination, apathy and paralysis of the muscles of the eye. To get an accurate diagnosis, you need to consult a neurologist.
Doctors can neutralize the effects of the syndrome by administering thiamine to the patient for 5-6 days. Hypomagnesemia, if necessary, is corrected by taking magnesium oxide or magnesium sulfide.
Wright syndrome
This term is used to define the combination of acroparesthesia with pain in the pectoralis minor muscle, as well as trophic disorders and blanching in the area of the fingers and the hand itself. Such sensations arise if there is compression of the nerve trunks of the brachial plexus and the vessels of the axillary region. Such processes are often the result of maximum abduction of the shoulder and tension of the pectoralis minor, which, in turn, presses the nerves and blood vessels.
Wright's Syndrome is defined by symptoms such as pale coloration of the fingers and hand, their numbness and signs of swelling. But the key manifestation is pain in the area of the pectoral muscle and shoulder. Often, with a strong abduction of the shoulder in the radial artery, the pulse disappears.
The syndrome is treated only after it is differentiated from other similar diseases. Once an accurate diagnosis has been made, various physiological andtherapeutic activities. In some cases, the operation will be relevant.
What you should know about Gerstmann's syndrome?
The essence of this syndrome is reduced to the cumulative manifestation of digital agnosia, alexia, agraphia, autotopagnosia, as well as a violation of the right-left orientation. If the pathological process spreads to other parts of the cerebral cortex, hemianopsia, sensory aphasia and astereogosia can make themselves felt.
Gerstmann's syndrome is directly related to destructive processes in the associative area of the left parietal lobe of the brain. In this state, the patient partially ceases to recognize his own body. This manifests itself in the inability to distinguish the right side from the left. People with this syndrome cannot perform simple arithmetic operations and write, although their minds otherwise function normally.
Impact of alternating syndromes
This is a whole complex of destructive processes that can have a significant negative impact on the body. Alternating syndromes are the result of damage to the spinal cord and one half of the brain. These groups of symptoms are sometimes provoked by traumatic brain injuries or poor circulation in the spinal cord and brain.
Doctors periodically detect alternating syndromes of the following varieties: mixed with different localization of damage, bulbar, peduncular and pontine. With such an abundance of species, the symptoms can be very different: deafness, oculomotor and pupillary disorders, acute insufficiency of natural control, dysgeneticsyndromes, obstructive hydrocephalus, etc.
Diagnose such conditions by determining the exact location of the lesion and its boundaries.
As for treatment, its organization largely depends on the specific group of symptoms and the results of professional diagnostics.
Results
The problem of neurological syndromes worries many people, and, unfortunately, doctors are not always able to completely neutralize the impact of the disease. For this reason, it makes sense to periodically do preventive diagnostics of the state of the brain and nervous system in order to identify possible problems at the stage of their inception.
