Psycho-neurological disease in adults and children is a violation of the functioning of the brain that occurs as a result of exposure to both external and internal negative factors. Often these reasons are directly related to each other. The cause of such disorders can be not only heredity, but also brain injury or at the time of birth, poisoning with drugs, drugs, brain damage by infections and exposure to other negative factors: prolonged starvation, radiation, stressful situations. Doctors identify groups of the most common mental illnesses.
Phobia
There can be a huge number of reasons for a neuropsychiatric disease. The main symptom of a phobia is a person's fear of being in a certain life situation or near some object that most often does not cause such an acute attack of fear in other people, for example, a height or a spider.
Phobia (in other words, a feelingfear) occurs in a person with severe sweating, tachycardia, depression, panic attacks, darkness in the eyes, a feeling of overwhelming horror. To determine if a person has a phobia, most often they use special tests for anxiety - the Zang Scale for its self-assessment. After identifying a mental disorder, a person begins an active process of overcoming fear by placing him in an environment that he fears the most. This is the only way to truly overcome fear.
Personality disorder as a mental disorder
In this case, doctors talk about disorders based on imbalance. It is a person with such a disease of the nervous system that can, at any moment, unexpectedly for everyone, break loose and throw out his aggression and anger at the people around. The person has some difficulties with work and relationships with other people, he is characterized by frequent mood swings and a feeling of anxiety. At the same time, the individual cannot give a conscious assessment of his behavior and considers it quite normal.
Disorders of the nervous system of this type begin to appear in a patient in his youth and continue throughout his life. Such people often have a high level of intelligence. The reason for this phenomenon can be not only heredity, but also improper upbringing or social circle. Personality disorders include the following ailments: paranoid disorder, affective disorder, schizoid personality disorder, emotional instability, hysterical personality disorder, and more.
Addiction to alcohol anddrugs
Addiction occurs both as a result of instant exposure (usually intoxication of the body), and after prolonged use of the same substances. A person addicted to alcohol can develop psychosis or dementia as a result. The same happens with drug addiction.
It should be noted that the two addictions described relate to chronic diseases, which at some point can go into remission. Treatment of such mental disorders should be comprehensive and lengthy. For this purpose, special medicinal medicines are being developed aimed at eliminating cravings for alcohol. Some of them even cause persistent disgust.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Another neuropsychiatric disease in children and adults is unwanted thoughts and obsessive actions. It is such a person who is often not confident in himself, constantly checking whether the doors are locked in the house, whether the lights are turned off, electrical appliances, knock on wood, believe in superstitions, and are afraid to step on the manhole covers. Many of them have a fear of getting dirty from contact with people or household items. Such thoughts (doctors call them obsessive thoughts) lead to anxiety, systematic hallucinations appear, and soon they begin to be perceived as reality.
As a result of such processes, a person's life becomes a complete nightmare. For example, in practice, there are people who can wash their hands about 60 times before lunch to preventinfection, but as a result, they are still afraid. Other patients cannot get to the workplace, as they constantly return home to check whether the gas or water is turned off.
Mental retardation in the presence of chronic neuropsychiatric diseases
Dementia is a chronic neuropsychiatric pathology, accompanied by a sharp decrease in the level of intelligence. The disease develops gradually, in rare cases it manifests itself unexpectedly. The malaise is characterized by chronic fatigue, general weakness, decreased performance, absent-mindedness and memory problems. The most common types of dementia include the following diseases: Wilson's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
Treatment of a neuropsychiatric disease can be very difficult due to the fact that it is not easy to diagnose.
Stress response and adjustment disorder
A group of the following disorders occurs in a person as a result of strong emotional upheavals, difficult life situations. As a result, there is a reaction to mental trauma, associated primarily with the risk to the patient's life. Adjustment disorder can occur as a result of a natural disaster, loss of a loved one, crime, social upheaval, such as a terrorist attack in a public place.
The patient constantly returns unpleasant memories of an event experienced not so long ago, he constantly feels anxiety, depression, suffers from sleep problems, inin some cases, he has aggressive tendencies or even thoughts of suicide. This also includes Vietnamese, Afghan or Stockholm syndrome.
Development of neurasthenia
This condition is often compared to hysteria, but these diseases are very different from each other. Neurasthenia in its essence is an asthenic neurosis that occurs when the nervous system is depleted by prolonged physical and mental stress. Unlike hysteria, this condition occurs much more often in men.
Discomfort occurs with constant physical stress (a lot of work, lack of proper rest and problems with sleep), regular stress, tragedies in the family or personal life, long-term conflicts. Some somatic diseases, as well as poisoning of the body of a chronic type, can lead to the appearance of neurasthenia.
The emergence of schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a type of psychosis. The disease negatively affects several components of the psyche at once: mental, emotional, behavioral and other mental functions. There are a huge number of forms of schizophrenia (simple, paranoid and catatonic). Symptoms of a neuropsychiatric disease can be very different, common ones include hallucinations, negativism, apathy and isolation.
Despite the fact that schizophrenia has some hereditary links, it cannot be called a genetic disease. In some cases, completely he althy parents without any psychiatric historychildren are born who already in adolescence begin to suffer from schizophrenia.
Bipolar personality disorder
The disease is also called manic-depressive psychosis. The defeat occurs against the background of alternating depressive and manic states. Some celebrities suffer from this ailment.
You can diagnose the disease by elevated mood, excessive physical and speech activity of the patient. Sick people talk a lot, joke, laugh and do something all the time. But after that, they suddenly change their behavior just as quickly, become apathetic, cannot concentrate on anything.
Problems in the sexual sphere
The most common sexual deviations include voyeurism, frotterism, pathological sexual aggressiveness, exhibitionism, transvestism, masochism, sadism and telephone hooliganism to satisfy their sexual needs.
Eating problems
This disease is more common among young girls, but can also occur in boys. The main types of the disease include bulimia and anorexia.
Consciousness Syndrome
Psycho-neurological diseases with the appearance of invisible beings occur with a mental disorder and in seriously somatically ill patients. When consciousness is clouded, a person cannot adequately perceive the situation, contact with the outside world is disrupted, and hallucinations appear.
There are several typessyndrome. All of them are similar to each other in the following ways:
- Detachment from the world. Such a person cannot normally perceive what is happening around, which as a result leads to problems with communication with other people.
- Problems with orientation in time, in the situation and one's own thoughts.
- Difficulties with the thought process - a person ceases to see the logical chain of events, cannot correctly determine his actions.
- Problems with memory. During clouding of consciousness, new information ceases to be assimilated by the brain, and the existing information ceases to be reproduced normally. After leaving such a state, the patient may experience partial or complete amnesia (memorization) of the transferred state.
Each of the described signs appears in a person with different mental disorders, only their combination indicates clouding of consciousness. The described symptoms may be reversible. With the normalization of conscious activity, they pass on their own.
The occurrence of hallucinations
Hallucination is a neuropsychiatric disease with the appearance of invisible beings. The human psyche is severely deformed, as a result of which he begins to hear and feel what is not really happening. All hallucinations are divided into visual, tactile, auditory, olfactory, as well as violations of the general feeling (muscular and visceral). But in some cases, their joint manifestation occurs (a person begins to see strangers next to him, and also hear how they talk to each other).friend).
Auditory hallucinations are characterized by the patient's pathological perception of certain words, speech, conversations, individual noises and sounds. Verbal hallucinations may differ in their content - from calls in which a person hears a voice calling him by his last name or first name, to whole phrases, conversations involving one or more voices.
In some cases, voice hallucinations have an imperative character - imperative hallucinations in which patients hear an order to be silent, to hit and even kill someone, to harm their he alth. Such problems with the activity of the nervous system can be very dangerous both for the person himself and for the people around him. The treatment of a psychoneurological disease consists in taking special medications, as well as careful monitoring by a doctor.
Visual hallucinations can be both objective and elementary (smoke, sparks). Sometimes the patient sees whole pictures (hell, battlefield). Olfactory hallucinations are distinguished by an imaginary sensation of an unpleasant smell (poison, rotting of some food), in rare cases unfamiliar or pleasant.
Hallucinations of a tactile type appear in a person at a relatively late age, while patients feel burning on the skin, itching, biting, touching the body.
Symptoms of visual and auditory hallucinations in humans:
- self-talk that feels like a full-blown conversation followed by emotional responses;
- patient's unreasonable laughter;
- excessive anxiety and concern;
- problems paying attention, concentrating, holding a conversation, or performing a specific task;
- a person constantly listens or sees something that is not really there.
Rehabilitation of neuropsychiatric diseases
Rehabilitation for depression is carried out by taking heavy medications. By itself, depression lasts for several weeks and does not give the patient the opportunity to perform daily tasks normally, to fully enjoy life. Some doctors believe that depression is primarily due to brain malfunction.
Depressive disorder can vary in intensity (from mild to severe). Often the malaise is combined with other problems, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, cancer, diabetes. In this case, the mental disorder is often simply ignored and not treated. Improving the patient's quality of life is possible only with the timely diagnosis and elimination of ailments.
Antidepressants are used for severe depression, but may be helpful in the early stages of depression. It is important to remember that these types of drugs are not a treatment, but only relieve the symptoms, making the patient feel normal.
Psycho-neurological ailments in childhood
Rehabilitation of children with a neuropsychiatric disease should be carried out by contacting a psychiatrist orpsychotherapist. Many types of disorders require long-term treatment. You can get therapy at the rehabilitation center for children with psychoneurological diseases.
