Today, there are many types of human diseases, and in order to navigate this diversity, pathologies have been collected into groups. Thus, scientists divided diseases, taking into account various signs: the route of infection, pathogens, features of occurrence, affected organs and systems, type of pathology, etc. Based on this, experts divided pathologies according to ICD-10, there is also a general division used by doctors.
ICD-10
On the territory of the Russian Federation, a single regulatory document has been established, according to which records of morbidity, reasons for visiting a doctor are kept - this is ICD-10. The adopted International Classification of Diseases was introduced into the he althcare practice of the Russian Federation in 1999 by order of the Ministry of He alth of May 27, 1997 No. 170. By 2018, additions and changes were made by WHO. According to the plans of the World He alth Organization, ICD-11 will officially operate in 2018.
Division of pathologies according to ICD-10
The following types of diseases are included in the ICD-10:
- Infectious and parasitic pathologies.
- Neoplasms.
- Pathologies of blood, hematopoietic organs.
- Diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders.
- Mental illness, behavioral disorders.
- Diseases of the nervous system.
- Eye diseases.
- Ear diseases.
- Pathologies of the respiratory organs.
- Diseases of the digestive system.
- Skin diseases.
- Diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
- Pathologies of the genitourinary system.
- Pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum.
- Congenital anomalies, deformities, chromosomal abnormalities.
- Injury, poisoning.
Each group includes many different pathologies.
Main categories of pathologies
All existing types of diseases are also divided into the following categories:
- Surgical.
- Women's ailments.
- Diseases of children.
- Nervous.
- Psychic.
- Domestic.
- Dental pathologies.
- Ocular.
- Diseases of ENT organs.
- Skin and venereal diseases.
This is a figurative division into types of diseases, which does not claim to be accurate. Of course, medicine does not stand still, every year new facts about certain pathologies are discovered. Because of this, they are constantly grouped in new ways. Even the ICD-10 list has been revised, additions and changes have been made to this official classification. However, the division of ailments presented above remains unchanged. In each category there are divisions into types of diseasesperson by systems.
Categories of diseases, taking into account the defeat of the system
And what types of diseases are there, taking into account the affected systems? How are diseases divided? Doctors distinguish the following groups of diseases:
- Diseases of the cardiovascular system.
- Diseases of the nervous system.
- Diseases of the male genitourinary system.
- Diseases of the female genitourinary system.
- Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
- Endocrine diseases.
- Skin diseases.
- Pathologies of ENT organs.
- Respiratory diseases.
- Oncological diseases.
With this type of division of diseases, infectious and other types of pathologies are not distinguished separately.
Division according to the course and level of pathology
Classification of each disease is carried out according to the nature of the course. According to this criterion, pathologies are divided into acute and chronic diseases. Diseases are also divided according to the level at which pathological changes are detected. According to this principle of division, the following main types of diseases are distinguished: cellular, organ, tissue, molecular, chromosomal.
Types of diseases by etiology and treatment method
According to etiological factors, all diseases are divided into the following:
- Physical.
- Mechanical.
- Psychogenic.
- Chemical.
- Biological.
Also, all types of pathologies are divided according to the method of treatment. This classificationhighlights therapeutic, surgical, homeopathic and other types.
Nosological division
Most often, the division of pathologies is carried out according to the nosological method. This principle is based on the grouping of pathological conditions according to similar (related) features. However, even this technique cannot fully meet the needs of practitioners. For example, pneumonia can be classified as a pathology of the respiratory system, infectious diseases and allergies.
Infectious diseases
There are several types of infectious diseases:
- Viral.
- Mycoplasmosis.
- Chlamydia.
- Rickettsioses.
- Spirochetoses.
- Diseases caused by bacteria.
- Mycoses.
- Protozooses.
According to the number of pathogens that caused illnesses, monoinfections and mixed species, or mixed infections, are distinguished.
Another kind of classification of all pathologies lies in the way the infection enters. According to this criterion, diseases are divided into exogenous (resulting from the penetration of pathogens from outside) and endogenous. The latter are all types of diseases that are caused by opportunistic pathogens. Most often, this type causes damage to the tonsils, intestines, broncho-pulmonary system, urinary tract, and skin pathology. Usually, endogenous types of diseases occur when the body's defenses decrease due to prolonged use of antibiotics, poor ecology and other factors.
According to the degree of contagiousness, infectious diseases are divided into:
- Non-contagious, i.e. non-contagious. This type includes pathologies such as malaria, pseudotuberculosis, botulism, etc.
- Slightly contagious (brucellosis, ornithosis, etc.).
- Contagious (SARS, influenza, typhoid fever and others).
- Highly contagious (cholera, chicken pox).
There is a classification of diseases, taking into account the location of the pathogen in the body, the ways of transmission and release of the pathogen into the external environment. According to this criterion, the following types are distinguished:
- Intestinal infections. Usually infection occurs through the mouth. Diseases are spread by the fecal-oral route.
- Respiratory tract diseases. The spread of pathology occurs by airborne droplets.
- Transmissible blood diseases. With this type of disease, the transmission of pathogens occurs through fleas, mosquitoes, ticks, etc.
- Non-transmissible blood infections. Infection occurs through blood transfusion, plasma, during injections.
- Diseases external due to contact.
There are a number of other types of diseases that take into account the habitat of the pathogen, the severity of ailments, the degree of clinical manifestations, the characteristics of the course.
