To make a correct diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination, because, for example, a rash on the skin can be a sign of various he alth problems. If you notice any violations of the condition of the skin, you should contact a specialist for advice and examination.
Skin rashes
Let's start with the general rash data. Many diseases have one of the symptoms of skin rashes in the form of red spots. It can be both fairly harmless, if I may say so, hives or insect bite marks, or serious diseases like rubella or chickenpox, skin tuberculosis or neurodermatitis. Skin rashes are divided by specialists into local irritation and the manifestation of serious systemic diseases.
Often, only a specialist who needs to be contacted can determine the cause of a skin rash. Often, such violations of the skin in the absence of high-quality treatment or with the use of inadequate measures lead to serious consequences by attaching a bacterial infection. In this case, specialists will need more carefuldiagnostics in order to identify the initial problem from a secondary infection, prescribe a multicomponent treatment, which can affect the state of the organs responsible for cleansing the body of toxins and harmful substances - the liver and kidneys. Therefore, a rash on the skin requires an early appeal to a medical institution for examination and the appointment of high-quality therapy for the cause of its appearance.
Possible causes
Medicine is constantly researching various diseases, trying to find the exact cause of their occurrence and the possibility of adequate treatment. Rashes on the skin with spots are divided by specialists into three large groups, combining the causes of the appearance of such visible signs of a he alth problem:
- allergy;
- infections;
- disturbances in the state and functioning of the hematopoietic and cardiovascular systems.
The most common cause of the formation of incomprehensible formations on the skin is an infection caused by various reasons. Such diseases are almost always accompanied by fever, itching, soreness of the localization site, deterioration in general well-being. The most frequently registered diseases are chicken pox, herpes, measles, rubella, scarlet fever and others. In this case, the rash can have a different appearance, which is a characteristic sign of a certain infection.
Red rashes on the skin are often a sign of an allergic reaction, although in some cases, with a certain structure and color, such a rash is an indicator of problems with the systemhematopoiesis or cardiovascular system. In any case, you do not need to engage in self-diagnosis and self-treatment, you need to visit a doctor and undergo the necessary examination to determine the cause of the appearance of skin rashes.
How is a rash classified?
Many diseases of various etiologies have rashes on the skin as one of the symptoms. Photos of such signs of certain diseases cannot accurately identify a particular he alth problem, because with some diseases the rash may look the same. Specialists divide such violations of the skin into several types:
- spots that can be of different sizes and have different shades - red, brown, white;
- blisters are a fluid-filled formation on the skin, it can be of different sizes, and as an exudate have a clear liquid, blood, pus, the surface of the blister can be both smooth and rough;
- vesicles - small formations with unclear or transparent contents;
- papules - small nodules located subcutaneously, without an internal cavity;
- bubbles look like blisters, they can also be of different sizes, but the liquid in them is always transparent;
- erosion and ulcers are characterized by a violation of the surface layer of the skin, may have a different area and nature of violations;
- crusts - such a rash on the skin is the result of blisters, blisters, pustules, ulcers and other skin disorders.
All types of skin rashes do not appearjust like that, there must always be a reason for their occurrence. And it is precisely this that should be established by a specialist after a thorough examination, anamnesis and the necessary diagnostic manipulations. To make a diagnosis, the doctor assesses the nature of the rash during examination, the time of its appearance, the size and nature of localization, as well as the shape and color of the elements.
By the number of elements of the rash, experts distinguish:
- single elements;
- not too abundant rash, the elements of which can be quickly counted on external examination;
- profuse rash.
Also, the color of the rashes is of particular importance, since the red tint - from light pink to purple-bluish - has a rash during inflammatory processes. If present, the doctor determines the secondary components of the rash, namely the presence of peeling, crusting, the time of their formation and falling off.
Allergic rash
Rashes on the skin in the form of red small spots are most often a sign of an allergic reaction. The complex process of the pathological reaction of the immune system to certain stimuli is not yet fully understood by scientists. An allergic rash can vary in appearance - from slight redness to weeping eczema. It depends on the reasons that caused such a reaction. Very often, an allergic rash is accompanied by itching, which has a different intensity. The correct name for skin disorders as a reaction to allergens is allergic dermatosis. It can be of a different nature, due to which each variety has its own name:
- atopic dermatitis;
- contact dermatitis - a reaction to skin contact with an allergen;
- urticaria - characterized by itching and blistering of varying sizes;
- Quincke's edema is a clear sign of swelling, urticaria, hoarseness, cough may join;
- Lyell's syndrome, the signs of such an allergic reaction are similar to burns of the 2nd degree of severity - bubbles, wounds and cracks appear on the skin, infection often joins; the main allergen for such a reaction of the body is drugs, if urgent medical care is not provided, the patient is at risk of death;
- Steven-Johnson syndrome is a toxic-allergic disease, experts call it malignant exudative erythema, manifested by extensive rashes on the skin and mucous membranes, eczema has an inflamed appearance, accompanied by severe itching, in place of serous vesicles after they are opened, dense, grayish crust color.
These are the main types of rashes. Allergic types of skin rashes appear only as a reaction to an allergen irritant. To establish that a rash is a sign of an inadequate response of the immune system can only be done by a specialist after laboratory tests and taking the patient's history.
Infections and rashes
In addition to an allergic reaction, quite often infectious problems are manifested by such a symptom as a rash on the skin. A photo of such manifestations of disorders in the body will not allowidentify the problem without examining the patient, anamnesis and collecting information about the course of the disease, as well as, if necessary, laboratory tests. Specialists have several ways to classify this type of rash. According to the location of the violation of the skin are divided into:
- exanthema - the main spread of the rash occurs on the skin;
- enanthema - mainly mucous membranes are affected by rashes, including the genital tract, respiratory tract and oral cavity, eyes.
They are also divided according to their appearance into classic, roseola, pustule, papule, hemorrhagic rash, blisters and pimples.
Many infectious diseases are characterized by a certain rash on the skin. Red spots of varying intensity, localization, size and shape become a symptom that helps the doctor determine the cause of the disease and make an accurate diagnosis.
Symptoms of diseases
Red rashes on the skin, itching, swelling are the result of any disturbances in the body. Such symptoms become a reason to see a doctor, especially if it is not a safe burn from a nettle or a mosquito bite. After all, any disease requires accurate identification and timely adequate treatment, so as not to lead to a deterioration in the well-being of a sick person. To make a diagnosis, the doctor must, without fail, find out the anamnesis of the state of he alth, concomitant disorders. So, for example, rashes on the skin that appeared as a result of violations in the workliver, may be accompanied by such additional signs as stool disorders, nausea or vomiting, sudden weight loss, yellowish skin color. It is important to specify exactly where the rash began to spread, because, for example, rubella is characterized by the appearance of a rash first on the face, then spreading it to delicate areas of the skin - in the folds of the elbows, on the buttocks. For quality treatment, it is necessary to know the exact cause of the he alth problem, this also applies to such a symptom as a skin rash.
What to do?
Appeared red rashes on the skin - an incentive to contact a specialist, even if they seem completely harmless at first glance and are not accompanied by a significant deterioration in well-being. Lost time can allow illness to get the better of a person. Therefore, if the cause of the appearance of a rash on the skin in adults and children is not clear, it is necessary to seek urgent medical help. Many believe that a rash that has appeared can be cured using only external symptomatic remedies, for example, ointments, lotions. But often satiation is only one of the symptoms and is not the disease itself. What to do in case of a rash on the skin? Consult a doctor - an infectious disease specialist, an allergist, a dermatologist. Pass the prescribed examinations, take tests. Only then it will be possible to accurately determine the cause of the appearance of rashes on the skin and receive high-quality treatment.
Diagnostic Methods
Any skin rash in a child or adult requires an accurate diagnosis.reasons for their appearance. For this, the doctor prescribes such examinations as:
- visual inspection;
- gathering anamnesis;
- blood test;
- urinalysis;
- seeding exudate for microflora.
Differentiation of a rash can be difficult due to accompanying problems, so a comprehensive examination of the patient's he alth condition in some cases allows diagnosing existing problems and prescribing treatment. Types of skin rashes in adults and children and the collection of an anamnesis by a competent specialist in some cases make it possible to make a diagnosis without prescribing tests, for example, it can be prickly heat or diathesis. Although the identification of an allergen during diathesis will avoid not only violations of the skin, but also more serious allergy problems.
How is the treatment done?
Skin rashes in the form of spots can have a variety of etiologies. Finding out the reason for such formations is the task of a specialist. A rash is not a disease, it is just a symptom. And in order to qualitatively get rid of an external problem, it is necessary to cure the disease. If red rashes on the skin in adults and children are caused by an infectious disease, then it is necessary to find out the type of virus or bacteria. In this, virological blood tests come to the aid of the doctor. Confirmed laboratory diagnosis allows you to choose drugs and treatments that match the diagnosis. In the vast majority of cases, infectious diseases, one of the symptoms of which is a rash, occur withfever, catarrhal symptoms - cough, runny nose, and so on. All this requires symptomatic and antiviral or antibiotic therapy.
A rash on the skin, whatever its origin, can cause a lot of inconvenience to the patient. The formations can be painful in themselves or cause pain when in contact with clothing, they can get wet or, conversely, be very dry, which causes peeling, cracks and wounds. In any case, for the treatment of a rash (as a symptom), experts recommend using additional funds. The following techniques will help you get rid of the skin manifestations of the problem faster:
- Redness and slight swelling can be removed by using baths with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) and subsequent treatment with fucorcin, a broad-spectrum antiseptic.
- Blisters and blisters doctors recommend opening to remove exudate from them for local anesthesia; for this, the surface of the skin with formations must first be treated with alcohol or iodine, then open the blister or bladder with a sterile instrument - scissors or a needle; with a large area of open tissues, it is necessary to use antiseptics (aniline dyes like greenery or fukortsin) and apply a bandage with epithelizing and disinfecting drugs, which the doctor prescribes for use, small blisters can not be opened, since tissue healing under the natural coating (epidermis) occurs faster.
- Itchy blisters (as inurticaria) require several stages - taking a laxative and an enterosorbent to cleanse the stomach and intestines of toxins, then taking an antihistamine prescribed by a doctor and eliminating the allergen from the patient's environment - food, household items, it is recommended to use antipruritic agents - menthol ointments to eliminate itching, weak solutions of citric acid or table vinegar for lotions and rubdowns.
- Chickenpox rash is treated with a brilliant green solution to reduce the likelihood of infection of the cavities of the opened vesicles and the appearance of a bacterial infection.
- Weeping eczema requires consistent treatment - cold lotions of lead water to eliminate irritation, then treatment of the affected skin surface with special drying agents containing tar, zinc, sulfur, bismuth nitrate; also effective for eczema is the use of ultraviolet radiation, baths with oxygen, radon, sea s alt, only a physiotherapist can prescribe such procedures in accordance with the course of the disease.
- With any rashes on the skin, herbal baths, baths, rubdowns or lotions actively help - string, chamomile, oak bark, St. John's wort, valerian, celandine, calendula will help to cope with an existing skin problem, but which plant will be most effective in solving a specialist will prompt a particular task.
Skin rashes should be treated in combination with the elimination of the underlying cause of their appearance. If the cause is a viral or bacterial infection, then a course is needed.treatment with appropriate drugs. If rashes appear as a result of an allergic reaction, then it is necessary not only to take antihistamines, but also to identify the allergen and, if possible, remove it from a person’s life. Additional funds are also needed to strengthen the immune system, because it is this system that is responsible for he alth, preventing diseases from appearing.
Preventive measures
Skin rash does not appear on its own, it is always a consequence of certain he alth problems. It is necessary to observe preventive precautions as carefully as possible in order to avoid any diseases or pathological conditions. Allergy requires the identification of the allergen substance and its removal from human life, as well as the use of antihistamines on the recommendation of the attending physician. Infectious diseases rarely affect those who have good immunity that can protect the body from bacteria, diseases of the hematopoietic system or the cardiovascular system require careful attention to their he alth and compliance with the rules of regular medical examination to identify potentially dangerous conditions. Do not forget about such diseases, for which one of the symptoms is a rash on the skin, transmitted by contact - scabies, some types of lichen. They require strict adherence to personal hygiene rules, a ban on touching mucous membranes and open wounds on the skin with dirty hands.
Immunity strengthening, personal hygiene, andif necessary, taking special medications, carrying out the necessary medical procedures will significantly reduce the risk of severe, extensive rashes that can lead to a significant deterioration in the quality of human life.
