Migraine is a neurological disease characterized by severe headache. You can avoid this unpleasant attack by using different drugs.
Migraine, in addition to headache, is also accompanied by nausea, which intensifies to vomiting, as well as intolerance to loud sounds and lighting. As a rule, pain is localized in one half of the head, but it can be in two.
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There are two types of disease: with and without aura. The aura is the first sign of a headache, it is of the same type in one person. Any neurological manifestations are considered a harbinger of migraine:
- lightning before eyes;
- goosebumps;
- numbness.
With an aura, there is always a pain in the head after it, so such people know exactly when they will have an unpleasant symptom. If the patient managed to take a pill for headache and migraine immediately after the developmentaura, he can avoid the development of the disease.
The frequency of migraine attacks varies. For some people, it occurs only a few times a year, while others are disturbed almost every day. In any situation, there is a need to eliminate pain. Medicines are used for this.
All existing medicines for the elimination of migraine are conventionally divided into two groups:
- taken to treat an attack;
- used for prevention.
All migraine patients need the first group. Prophylactic agents are indicated only for those people who have an unpleasant symptom that occurs more than three times a month and is severe.
There are certain features in migraine therapy:
- Drugs that effectively relieve headaches in some people are useless for others.
- A drug that previously effectively eliminated unpleasant symptoms may lose its effectiveness over time.
- If a patient has more than one type of migraine, different headache medications may be needed.
Fast acting migraine drugs
These are medicines that are used to eliminate headache attacks. That is, those medicines that are used already after the pain syndrome has appeared or during the aura. Effective and fast is a medication that eliminates a headache in a maximum of two hours.
Classification of medicines for migraine fastinfluence:
- painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs;
- ergot preparations;
- triptans.
Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs
This is a group of drugs that start migraine therapy. They are considered symptomatic drugs and help to eliminate the disease. The most effective are the following pills:
- "Solpadein".
- "Nurofen".
- "Pentalgin".
- "Ibuprofen".
- "Excedrine".
- "Rapten Rapid".
- "Sedalgin-Neo".
- "Askofen-P".
- "Naproxen".
- "Diclofenac".
"Nurofen" is produced in the form of a gel and tablets. The composition of the drug includes ibuprofen, silicon dioxide, octadecanoic acid, croscarmellose sodium. The drug belongs to the group of anti-inflammatory drugs and has an analgesic and antipyretic effect on the body.
According to reviews, "Nurofen" from headaches and migraines effectively helps. It is forbidden to use the medication for ulcerative lesions of the stomach and intestines, intolerance to the active substance, severe heart damage, kidney and liver diseases, pregnancy, breastfeeding, bronchial asthma, hemorrhagic stroke. The cost of the drug is from 90 to 400 rubles.
"Askofen-P" combines paracetamol, aspirin and caffeine. Produced in granules for the manufacture of a solution, as well as capsulesand tablets. The maximum dosage is one to two pieces per use. The cost of the medicine is from 30 to 100 rubles.
Paracetamol and aspirin enhance each other's action, in addition, they have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and caffeine helps to stabilize the tone of cerebral vessels. "Askofen-P" from migraine is forbidden to use with gastric ulcer in the acute stage, as well as bronchial asthma, an interesting position and breastfeeding, with diseases of the kidneys and liver, a significant increase in blood pressure.
"Sedalgin" has in its structure codeine, caffeine, analgin, paracetamol, phenobarbital. The drug has an analgesic effect. Use "Sedalgin" one tablet for migraine. You can take a maximum of two at a time. The price of the medicine ranges from 180 to 260 rubles.
"Rapten Rapid" is available in the form of a gel, solution and tablets. Contains the active ingredient - diclofenac. It is an anti-inflammatory drug that has analgesic and antipyretic effects. Contraindications for use are the following conditions - hypersensitivity, ulcerative colitis, bleeding, pregnancy, age up to 15 years, breastfeeding. With special care, the drug is prescribed for anemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. The cost of the drug is from 50 to 300 rubles.
"Pentalgin" contains paracetamol, caffeine, pheniramine maleate. That is, components that haveanalgesic, as well as anti-inflammatory effects, stabilize vascular tone and have a slight sedative effect. "Pentalgin" is produced in tablet form, it is necessary to take one piece orally with a headache attack. The cost of the medication is from 160 to 350 rubles.
The drug is not recommended for use with stomach and intestinal ulcers, bleeding, interesting position and lactation, severe hypertension, bronchial asthma, heart problems, severe liver and kidney diseases. What kind of effervescent tablets for headaches and migraines are there?
"Solpadeine" contains codeine in its structure, as well as caffeine and paracetamol. It is produced in the form of regular and water-soluble tablets. Codeine is considered a powerful analgesic and enhances the effects of paracetamol.
What is the price of "Solpadein"? The cost of the drug varies from 100 to 250 rubles.
To eliminate a headache, you need to take one or two tablets at a time. "Solpadein" is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation, a disease with increased intraocular pressure, anemia, hypertension.
"Naproxen" contains only one active ingredient (naproxen sodium), however, it has an excellent analgesic effect. For migraine, take two tablets orally once. The prohibitions are the same as those of Ibuprofen. The cost of the medicine is 200 rubles.
"Diclofenac" from migraine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that provides a rapid onsetpositive effect. The maximum daily concentration is not more than 200 milligrams. You can not use with hemophilia and other disorders of the blood coagulation system, as well as an interesting position, lactation, erosion in the intestine. The cost of the drug varies from 30 to 230 rubles.
"Excedrin" is a combined medication that has analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and improves cerebral microcirculation action. The composition of the tablet includes the following components: paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, caffeine, hyprolose, cellulose, stearic acid.
Headache and migraine tablets "Excedrin" contain paracetamol, which has an analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect as a result of its effect on the centers of pain and thermoregulation.
Aspirin quickly relieves pain and also slows down the formation of blood clots by moderately inhibiting platelet adhesion. Caffeine helps expand capillaries in skeletal muscle tissue, as well as in the brain, kidneys, and heart. The cost of the drug is from 180 to 400 rubles.
What do Ibuprofen tablets help with? The drug is effective for migraine. Do not use for stomach ulcers, as well as bleeding, in the early postoperative period, liver and kidney disease, during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The cost of the drug is from 20 to 150 rubles.
All these medicines belong to the so-called emergency medical care for seizuresmigraine. Despite the uniformity of painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, it often happens when one medication is more effective than another.
It must be remembered that excessive use of such drugs can lead to the development of another type of headache - abuse, which is difficult to treat. The maximum duration of analgesic therapy is fourteen days.
Those patients who are not suitable for painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, or who have restrictions on use, are recommended to use another group of drugs. What else can I drink for a migraine?
Ergot preparations
This group of pharmacological agents, which provides a tonic effect on the capillaries of the brain, and also has an antiserotonin effect, with which the analgesic effect is associated with migraine. These medications only work for migraine headaches and are completely useless for other types.
Medicines that have only ergot alkaloids include "Ergotamine" and "Dihydroergotamine". They can be given orally as drops, subcutaneously, and intramuscularly or intravenously.
There are combined types of these drugs in combination with caffeine in tablets - "Coffetamine", "Cafergot", "Nomigren". In the form of nasal sprays "Digidergot". The medicine in the form of a spray is very convenient and effective, as it promotes the fastest possible absorption of the active substance from the nasal mucosa. The maximum dosage atmigraine attack is four irrigation. When using these medications, you should stop smoking so as not to provoke stenosis of peripheral vessels and impaired blood microcirculation.
Ergot drugs are not used in patients with ischemia and angina, hypertension, liver disease, pregnancy and breastfeeding.
In rare situations, ergot tablets are used not only to eliminate headache attacks, but also to prevent their occurrence. In this case, they are used for several weeks.
Coffetamine
An anti-migraine drug, the action of which is due to the properties of its constituent components. Caffeine has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system. With the help of which physical and mental performance increases, the feeling of fatigue decreases. In addition, caffeine increases the force of heart contractions, raising blood pressure in hypotension. The active substance has a vasoconstrictive effect.
Restrictions for use - age up to twelve years, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity.
Triptans for migraine
These medicines have been around for over a hundred years, although the most common use has only been in the last few decades. Action mechanism:
- The ability to connect with the nerve endings of the vascular wall, provoking stenosis of the cerebral vessels.
- The ability to block pain at a levelreceptors of the trigeminal nerve, which provides innervation to the head and face.
- Possibility to influence other signs of migraine besides headache.
This action of triptans determines their active use in migraine.
Triptans are produced in different dosage forms:
- pills;
- candles;
- nasal sprays.
Trimigren suppositories and Imigran sprays are best used for severe nausea and vomiting.
List of headache and migraine pills:
- "Sumatriptan".
- "Naratriptan".
- "Noramig".
- "Rapimed".
- "Sumamigren".
- "Zomig".
- "Zolmitriptan".
- "Imigran".
- "Relpax".
- "Amigrenin".
- "Eletriptan".
And although they all have a similar spectrum of action, only one can be effective in each specific situation.
Triptans, in addition to neutralizing migraine attacks, can also be used as a preventive measure to prevent them. In this situation, tablets are prescribed with a duration of therapy of several weeks.
Restrictions on the use of triptans are the age of up to eighteen and sixty-five years, severe damage to the heart and blood vessels, high blood pressure.
Pills "Imigran"
Drug withanti-migraine action, agonist of serotonin 5-HT1 receptors. The active substance is sumatriptan. Elimination of the pain syndrome of acute migraine attacks with or without aura.
In the absence of a clinical effect, it is not recommended to use a second dosage to neutralize pain. The drug can be used only with an accurate diagnosis. It is forbidden to use the medicine for preventive purposes.
The effect of Imigran tablets at any stage of an attack is similar, but it is best to take it at the first signs of a migraine. The recommended concentration of the active ingredient to eliminate an acute migraine attack is 50-100 milligrams once.
Zomig
Medication that has an anti-migraine effect. The drug constricts the blood capillaries of the dura mater and slows down the release of vasoactive intestinal peptides, improving the patient's condition during migraine.
In addition, Zomig tablets act on brain cells that are involved in the development of seizures. After repeated use of the drug, a resistant anti-migraine effect is observed.
"Zomig" is recommended to neutralize migraine attacks with or without aura. According to the annotation, to eliminate migraine, the drug must be taken in a single dosage of 2.5 milligrams. If symptoms persist or appear again during the day, you can use a second dose, but not earlier than two hours afterfirst. Side effects:
- heartbeat;
- tachycardia;
- transient arterial hypertension;
- dry mouth, nausea;
- abdominal pain;
- ischemic colitis;
- feeling warm;
- dizziness.
The drug has a strong analgesic effect on migraine with and without aura.
Where to start migraine therapy
There are general rules for treating migraine, for example:
- Start therapy with an anesthetic or a combination thereof (including anti-inflammatory drugs).
- If taking an analgesic does not have the desired effect, you need to take a triptan.
- If the triptan turned out to be useless, then in the next attack, you should use a "different triptan", that is, a drug of a different brand or with a different active ingredient.
- If pain medication has not been effective for three migraine attacks, then triptan should be taken immediately for all the following.
- If the patient cannot tell if they have a headache or a migraine, then they should take an anti-inflammatory medication.
Preventive drugs
These medicines are used only for frequent and severe migraine attacks. The decision to use such medications should only be taken by a specialist.
For preventive purposes, can be prescribed:
- Beta-blockers - Anaprilin, Obzidan.
- Antidepressants - Simb alta, Velafax,"Ixel".
- Anticonvulsants - Valproates and Topiramate, Gabagamma.
- Calcium channel blockers - Nifedipine.
The general principle for the use of all these drugs is considered sufficient duration. In rare situations, a decrease in migraine attacks occurs after a month of taking the medicine, in others it may take up to six months. That is why the selection should be carried out by the attending physician, taking into account the diseases, as well as taking into account other means regularly taken by the patient.
Modern drugs
Currently, there is a transdermal patch that contains sumatriptan. This form of release is considered very convenient than a nasal spray. In addition, he also has the ability to maintain a therapeutic concentration of the drug in the blood for a long time, bypassing the stomach and intestines. Accordingly, the use of a triptan in the form of a patch helps to reduce the frequency of adverse reactions and improve the tolerability of the drug. This is a great replacement for the usual pills.
In addition to patches, a needle-free sumatriptan injection has also been created, which helps to inject 6 milligrams of sumatriptan under the skin, but without an injection. The medicine is injected under the skin using a special device that injects nitrogen gas and medicine through a small hole in the epidermis in seconds. This dosage form is needed for those patients who do not respond to triptans.
In addition, a special dosage form of "Dihydroergotamine" is being created,which will be used by inhalation through the mouth, but the effectiveness of this will be similar to intravenous injection. This will allow the patient to neutralize a severe migraine attack while being away from home without waiting for hospitalization.
Prochlorperazine aerosol is under development. The drug enters the lower respiratory organs with the help of a special inhaler, where it is absorbed into the blood. At the same time, its effect is comparable to an intravenous injection. It has been proven that this component eliminates not only headaches, but also nausea and vomiting. Since the aerosol is comparable to an injection, according to scientists, this means that the drug can be used at home.
In addition, studies are underway on the effectiveness and safety of the use of new drugs to eliminate migraine - CGRP receptor blockers. These are medicines such as Telkagepant (in tablet form), Olcegepant (intravenous injections). They neutralize migraine pain without narrowing the capillaries, without having any effect on other body systems, and therefore without creating negative effects.
Reviews
Thus, for the successful treatment of the disease, there are now a huge number of painkillers for migraine and headaches. Their arsenal is regularly updated with new modern medicines. The choice of medication for the treatment of a migraine attack in each specific situation is not an easy task, which requires the consideration of certain factors.
Help me choose the right oneOnly a doctor can take medicine. Reviews of all forms of release of "Solpadein" characterize the drug as very effective in the treatment of moderately weak pain. Side effects are rare.
The price of "Solpadein" is relatively small - from 100 to 250 rubles. In addition, patients speak well of Imigran.
Adverse reactions from the use of pills occur infrequently. Some people complain that the drug can be difficult to obtain.
It is impossible to find negative reviews about "Ibuprofen", in different dosage forms. The drug is considered as an effective and safe remedy. Its benefits are:
- possibility of use for the treatment of children of any age;
- multiple dosage forms;
- price;
- effect.
In addition, many patients know what Ibuprofen tablets help with. The drug effectively copes with many types of pain. As disadvantages, as a rule, they mention the presence of restrictions and the risk of adverse reactions.
