Consider in the article a list of contagious diseases that are transmitted by airborne droplets. We are talking about infectious diseases. A feature of these diseases is that they have an incubation period. That is, a short period that begins at the time of infection and ends at the first symptom.
List of contagious diseases to be considered in the publication:
- flu;
- diphtheria;
- measles;
- herpes simplex.
Why are only these diseases considered? Emphasis was placed on those diseases that are common. If not all, then every second suffers from herpes. We hear about the flu every year in the autumn-winter period, when the epidemic begins. Measles has become quite active in recent years, so it is important to know more about it.
Flu
One of the most common contagious diseases. In most cases, if complications do not develop, the disease resolves on its own in 7 days. But in severe cases, it can also lead to death. Every year, 3-5 million people in the world suffer from the flu.people, of which about 500 thousand die due to the severe course of the disease.
The disease is transmitted from the first day of infection and sometimes up to 5-7 days. It is characterized by an aerosol transmission method, that is, through drops of saliva, mucus, in which there is a virus.
Symptomatics
When the flu has a headache, muscles, joints, a dry type of cough appears. Body temperature rises sharply to 39-40 degrees. In general, these symptoms cannot be called specific. The incubation period lasts for each patient in different ways, but most often 1-2 days. With a mild form of the disease, even if not treated, the flu disappears in 3-4 days and is accompanied by chills, fatigue, cough. In severe cases, secondary problems may occur: cerebral edema, vascular collapse, and some others.
Treatment
As already mentioned, this contagious disease goes away on its own in most cases. Now drugs have not been developed that could 100% help with influenza. Most importantly, when treating an illness, do not harm yourself and do not infect others. That is, you do not need to contact he althy people. Bed rest should be observed, otherwise complications can be earned. Self-medication is also excluded. Antibiotics should not be taken as the flu is caused by viruses, not bacteria.
Mild flu can be left untreated, just use remedies that will ease the symptoms. So that the disease does not go into a serious stage and complications do not appear, you must follow all the doctor's instructions.
Influenza Prevention
The best way to avoid this contagious disease is to get vaccinated. It's best to do this every year. The Ministry of He alth recommends vaccination for children under 5 years of age and the elderly over 65 years of age, he althcare workers, people with incurable diseases and chronic diseases, and pregnant women.
Even if a person becomes ill after vaccination, they will have a lower risk of developing a severe form of the disease, respectively, the flu will be easier to endure.
Diphtheria
A serious contagious human disease that affects the oropharynx. Children may subsequently develop airway edema, which is dangerous.
Transmitted by airborne droplets, through contaminated products and through objects used by the patient.
Symptomatics
The incubation period of the disease lasts from 2 to 10 days. Of the symptoms, swelling of the neck, enlarged tonsils, swelling of the pharyngeal mucosa, plaque on the palatine tonsils, swollen lymph nodes, fever, weakness and pale skin tone should be noted.
Treatment
Treat this disease only in the hospital. Absolutely all infected people are hospitalized, regardless of symptoms, even if the diagnosis has not yet been finally made, but there are already suspicions of diphtheria.
Sick people are injected with a special serum that suppresses the toxin of this disease. Antibiotics are powerless. What dose will be administered depends entirely on the stage and extent of the disease. The throat must be sprayeddisinfectants. If a secondary infection develops, then antibiotics are already advised. Intravenous solutions may be prescribed to support the body: ascorbic acid, a glucose-potassium mixture, and others.
Prevention. Nuances
The most important point in the prevention of the contagious disease of diphtheria is vaccination. The drug includes anatoxin, which allows you to develop immunity to the disease. A person cannot do anything to protect himself, since it is important not to contact the patient, but it is impossible to understand outwardly who is sick and who is not. Therefore, it is important that when an epidemic occurs, all patients are admitted to a hospital to prevent infecting others.
Measles
The past three years, measles began to affect more and more people. In 2017, more than 100 thousand people died from it in the world. Of these, almost 90 thousand are children. In 2018, Russia recorded 1.7 cases of infection per 100,000 people.
Therefore, it is important to know the measures to prevent and combat the contagious disease - measles. It is transmitted by airborne droplets.
Symptomatics
The incubation period lasts 8-17 days. At the very beginning of the disease, a runny nose, headache, sneezing, the temperature rises, the throat swells and the voice becomes hoarse. A specific feature of measles is the appearance of spots that occur only with this disease. They occur on the 4th-5th day of illness.
Treatment
To date, there is not a singlemedicine to fight measles. Therefore, symptomatic treatment is carried out. Drugs are prescribed that will allow you to expectorate mucus from the respiratory tract and soften the inflammation in them, as well as mucolytics. You can take pills to reduce fever.
It is recommended to take vitamin A to reduce the risk of complications. If left untreated, 10% of people die due to the disease.
Preventive measures
As mentioned above, vaccination is the only way to protect yourself from disease. It is as effective as possible, in addition, the disease itself affects only people, so this disease, in theory, can be completely eradicated.
Herpes simplex
Herpes is a viral disease that manifests itself in small wounds on the face, genitals, hands. It is transmitted by direct contact with an affected area of the skin or through fluids secreted by an infected person, such as saliva.
Symptomatics
Herpes at the beginning of the disease is practically not manifested. A person can notice only small wounds on some areas of the skin. However, if complications begin, the eyes or the nervous system will suffer.
After the first infection with herpes, the disease virus remains in the person and is not removed by the immune system. Accordingly, most often the disease is in a latent stage, sometimes manifesting itself under the influence of certain factors.
Treatment
There is no way to get rid of the herpes virus. And since this disease suffermany people, then there is no way to eradicate it. Thanks to antiviral drugs, you can reduce the risk of relapse. Therefore, treatment in all cases is only symptomatic.
Prevention
In fact, there are no exact methods of prevention. Therefore, try to be less in the cold, protect yourself, monitor your immunity, as the disease often recurs when the protective functions of the body are weakened. Treat all diseases on time, avoiding chronic forms.
Conclusion
Now you know which diseases are contagious among those that are now common. Beware of viruses and consult a doctor in time. Then you can avoid unpleasant consequences. And always remember that prevention is easier than cure.
