Many eye diseases have been recorded in medicine. Such pathologies themselves are a serious reason for excitement, because it is through vision that a person receives an impressive amount of useful information about the world around him. Seeing the surrounding space, it is difficult for us to overestimate how much higher the level of security of someone who can easily view the space near and far. In addition, vision is a source of aesthetic satisfaction, positive emotions, and internal chemistry. To keep the ability to see longer, it is important to understand that eye diseases are a serious problem that requires timely treatment, otherwise the consequences can be the most deplorable.
General view
There are a variety of eye diseases. Pathology manifests itself as unpleasant sensations, redness, pain and pain, weakening the ability to see. Edema, flies, flickering before the eyes may appear. Any such phenomenon is a reason to urgently make an appointment with a doctor, since there is a high probability of a serious eyeillness. Only a doctor, having carefully examined the patient, using special techniques, can say exactly what is the cause of the interference, how to eliminate them and what dangers the situation poses.
The key to long-term preservation of visual he alth is an attentive attitude to oneself, seeking qualified help, following medical recommendations, a he althy lifestyle and proper nutrition. It should be understood that not all consequences are reversible, some eye diseases in humans provoke a persistent decrease in the ability to see, up to complete blindness. Doctors also pay attention: it is strictly forbidden to self-diagnose and start treating an eye disease. Many pathologies have similar manifestations, but require a fundamentally different approach to their elimination. Let us analyze the main eye pathologies that occur with high frequency. They are listed below:
- Myopia.
- Hyperopia.
- Squint.
- Cataract.
- Glaucoma.
- Astigmatism.
- Color blindness.
- Anisometropia.
- Dacryocystitis.
- Retinal detachment.
- Keratitis.
- Irit.
- Conjunctivitis.
- Chalazion.
- Dry eye syndrome.
- Barley.
- Amblyopia.
- Computer syndrome.
- Macular degeneration.
- Sclerite.
- Episcleritis.
- Blepharitis.
- Retinal dystrophy.
Now let's take a closer look at each of these options.
Myopia
From the entire list of eye diseases, this one rightfully belongs toamong the most common, relevant to our civilization. With such a pathology, there is a gradual inhibition of eye functionality. The apple of the eye changes its shape, becomes somewhat longer than normal. In some cases, myopia appears due to the peculiarities of the cornea, the excessive optical power of this element. Lifestyle also plays a significant role, since the distortion of visual function is affected by the need to read, work in front of a monitor, as well as other tasks that a person encounters in everyday life. The main danger is not connected with myopia itself, but with the consequences that it provokes - up to the complete loss of the ability to see.
Provoke this eye disease can prolonged eye contact with objects at a short distance from the viewer.
Opposite problem
Another common problem that leads to a violation of the ability to see is farsightedness. A person suffering from such a violation of the functionality of the visual organs cannot see objects that are close to him, but he easily perceives everything that is located far away. As a rule, vision acquires clarity when studying objects that are 20-30 cm away from the viewer.
The disease is divided into degrees, while assessing how much the ability to see has suffered. This eye disease in humans requires the use of special corrective methods. Sometimes the use of devices (lenses, glasses) is sufficient, sometimes surgery is required.intervention. A qualified doctor should select the optimal approach.
Vision problems: uneven and unpleasant
Another eye disease that is now quite common is strabismus. This is such a pathology when one eye is anatomically correct, but the second looks in the wrong direction. Mostly the problem manifests itself already in the second or third year of life. It can be provoked by the inability to see objects near or far, as well as a combination of these disorders, if any, haunts the child from an early age.
The situation can not be corrected in 100% of cases, but the likelihood of a successful outcome is higher if therapy is started as early as possible. Strabismus leads to a significant deterioration in vision in a short time. In young children, conservative approaches come to the rescue. If such an eye disease is found in an adult patient, they will probably recommend surgical intervention, without which vision will weaken with high intensity.
Cataract
This pathology is especially common in the elderly. It is also known as an eye disease in cats, more often it also affects older individuals. Cataracts are one of the most common eye problems in humans. The lens becomes cloudy partially, in severe cases - completely. Lost transparency does not allow a person to see normally, since light rays entering the eye are not perceived. Under the influence of such a change, the perception of the environment gradually loses its clarity, the picture becomes more and more blurred. If ado not start treatment procedures on time, there is a high probability of absolute blindness. In some cases, the disorder progresses at a high rate, so at the first sign of a problem, you should seek the advice of a qualified ophthalmologist - delay is unacceptable.
Glaucoma
Considering which eye diseases in humans are more common than others, it is imperative to pay attention to this violation. The term prefabricated, it means several different pathologies provoked by different root causes at once. Manifestations, symptoms, even the features of the course of the disease can vary greatly from case to case, and the sign that allows you to combine all this into a single group of pathologies is the result of the disease. Glaucoma leads to atrophy of the optic nerve, as a result of which a person becomes completely blind. To a greater extent, this is dangerous for the elderly, but recently, more and more often, glaucoma affects middle-aged people, even young people.
Astigmatism
This term is used to denote an eye disease, a symptom of which is the inability to focus when visually examining an object. Often this problem is typical for those who suffer from myopia, farsightedness. The lens, the cornea, due to various aspects, lose their anatomically correct shape. In some cases, the cause is congenital, due to genetics, but the likelihood of acquiring astigmatism is high. For correction, you should use lenses, glasses. More and more people are turning to helpqualified surgeons. The possibilities of laser surgery can effectively eliminate astigmatism without he alth consequences. Lack of adequate therapy causes strabismus and gradually provokes a decrease in the ability to see up to blindness.
Colorblindness
This eye disease symptom is known to all: a person cannot correctly identify the color in the world around him. An alternative name for the pathology is partial color blindness. The problem is genetic, the child is already born with a similar disorder. The inability to distinguish colors is limited to a few items. In different cases, different degrees of violations are diagnosed. People with color blindness suffer from the ability to perceive one of the basic colors - red, green or blue.
A rare form of eye disease, close to color blindness - absolute color non-perception. This term refers to the state when the patient is completely immune to one of the basic colors. There is also such a variety when green or red are perceived as changed. Both forms are narrowly distributed, rarely diagnosed.
Anisometropia
Anisometropia is not the last in the list of eye diseases in humans. A distinctive feature is different refraction indices for different visual organs. At the same time, think tanks can process information coming from one organ, while the second is actually ignored. Gradually, this leads to death, partial blindness. If you do not detect the problem in time and do not consult a doctor for an adequate methodcorrection, there is a high probability of strabismus. Currently, only one method has been developed to eliminate anisometropia - the use of special lenses. It is far from applicable in 100% of cases - there are many contraindications for using this method of adjustment.
Dacryocystitis
On the Internet, you can find a lot of photos of eye diseases of this format. This is an inflammatory process in which the lacrimal sac suffers primarily. The eye becomes a source of discharge - lacrimal, purulent. The most effective and simple therapeutic approach is the constant irrigation of the lacrimal duct and the use of antiseptic medications. If prolonged conservative treatment does not show a decent result, the doctor may recommend surgery. In the absence of adequate treatment, there is a high probability of absolute blindness in a short time.
Retinal detachment
If you ask our compatriot about the name of the eye disease that frightens the most, many will note the retinal detachment. The pathological condition consists in the gradual separation of the retinal and vascular membranes from each other. In most cases, the problem is caused by a retinal tear. The intraocular fluid during such a process may be between the choroid and the retina, and this begins the process of detachment.
The only effective therapeutic approach for this pathology is urgent surgical intervention. In the absence of timely qualified assistance, there isrisk of complete loss of the ability to see.
Keratitis
For this eye disease, the cause is an infectious agent that provokes inflammatory processes. Keratitis is a collective concept that includes several different pathologies that differ in similar signs. At the same time, the cornea suffers, the zone gradually becomes clouded, and the ability to see decreases. Keratitis is associated with numerous unpleasant sensations, a rather strong pain syndrome. Primary stages suggest a conservative approach to therapy. If the organ is affected by numerous ulcers, the only option is urgent surgery. Its official name is keratoplasty.
Iritis
This term is used to denote an eye disease in which an infectious agent affects the iris, provoking an inflammatory process here. Often, the disease is associated with infection of other organs, while microscopic life forms gradually spread through the systems and organs, including the visual system.
As can be seen from medical statistics, among other subspecies, the most common is iridocyclitis, that is, a complex pathology. But an isolated inflammatory form, in which the agent affects only the iris, is diagnosed extremely rarely. The ciliary body is the first to be involved in the process, and other parts of the eye system can gradually be covered.
Conjunctivitis
Of other pathologies of this particular eye disease, treatment is required almost most often. The problem hasinflammatory nature, affects the mucous membrane of the eye system from the inside. There are many reasons for this process. A high degree of contagiousness of the disease is known. Features of a particular form determine what symptoms will accompany the process. Often the eyes are watery, puffiness is fixed, abundant purulent compartments. Many eyes turn red. Therapy often involves complex treatment under the supervision of not only an ophthalmologist, but also some other specialists. The doctor will decide who to contact after examining the patient and conducting a series of laboratory tests. Conjunctivitis can almost always be cured with medications, occasionally eye washing with special antiseptic components is required.
Chalazion
For this eye disease, treatment is initially medical, but often the course shows that surgical intervention is necessary. A chalazion is a benign neoplasm localized on the eyelid (bottom, top). Its cause is an inflammatory process that affects the meibomian gland and becomes the cause of blockage. The primary sign of pathology is a slight swelling of the eyelid. If you carefully examine this area, you can notice a small nodule. In some patients, there is a discharge of purulent substance. Usually, blockage can be easily established during a visual examination of the patient; additional studies, instrumental clarification are not required. Medical approaches can only help at the initial stage.
Dry eye syndrome
A fairly common red-eye disease is socalled dry eye. The peculiarity of the condition is the impossibility of producing tear fluid by natural processes. Because of this, the cornea, the conjunctiva dry up, which leads to pain, as if it cuts in the eyes. Many develop photophobia, swelling of the eyes, redness of this area. Other specific symptoms are possible. Therapy usually involves the use of a specialized drug - an artificial tear. You can buy it in any modern pharmacy. As a rule, dry eye syndrome is a secondary pathology provoked by another disorder in the body. Sometimes it develops against the background of taking medications. To completely eliminate the problem, you should identify the root cause and deal with it.
Barley
This term refers to the situation when the organs of vision become the localization of the discharge of pus. The reason for this is usually an infectious agent that has infected the ciliary follicle or the sebaceous gland. Characteristic for this disease are circles under the eyes, swelling, redness of the area. The affected eye responds with pain. The progress of the pathology is accompanied by the formation of an abscess. The easiest way to defeat barley at the initial stage. The problem occurs quite often, many methods and ways to eliminate it have been developed. The simplest folk recipe is to use tea leaves to disinfect and soothe the area affected by the infectious agent.
Amblyopia
Such a disease can only affect one eye, or it can spread to two at once. organic causesamblyopia was not detected, glasses or lenses do not help against such a pathology. In some cases, the course of the disease is not associated with any symptoms, sometimes it is possible to detect distinctive features. As a rule, amblyopia is expressed by the difficulty of focusing the gaze, the impossibility of such a process. A person can hardly perceive the color palette or be completely insensitive to it. There are two approaches to fixing the problem: surgical intervention, conservative therapy. The specific decision remains with the doctor, who carefully studies the patient's history and the development of the situation.
Computer Syndrome
If circles under the eyes are constantly disturbing, the causes of the disease may be precisely in this phenomenon. The concept is collective, it includes many problems provoked by a long stay in front of a computer monitor. At the same time, vision weakens, the eyes hurt, headaches are possible. The international system for the classification of human diseases does not contain a mention of such a pathology, however, it is impossible to ignore it, especially taking into account the peculiarities of the life of a modern person. Computer syndrome - the basis for the formation of myopia. To prevent the negative last, it is important to try to lead a he althy lifestyle, reasonably distribute working time and rest intervals, eat right, saturate the diet with vitamins and treat any pathologies of the visual system.
Macular degeneration
This pathology is more typical for elderly patients. Its development is fraught with dangercomplete loss of the ability to see. Usually, the pathology covers only one eye and at first proceeds completely without symptoms. As can be seen from medical statistics, macular degeneration is usually diagnosed when the condition no longer allows effective measures to be taken. Pathologies are not characteristic of pain syndromes, but the consequences for the quality of vision are irreversible.
Sclerite
The disease has an inflammatory nature. The localization of the process is the eye sclera, usually negative processes occur in the deep layers. In advanced form, scleritis causes inflammation of the conjunctiva, iris, and affects the cornea. The consequences of such a complex lesion of the eye system can be quite severe. At the initial stages, conservative treatment is practiced; in the absence of a satisfactory result, surgical intervention is required. Mostly patients can count on favorable prognosis, but a severe course, accompanied by a copious discharge of pus, can cause complete loss of vision.
Episcleritis
This term refers to the inflammatory process that develops in the organic tissue between the conjunctiva and sclera. Usually, the pathology flows without complications, is not associated with noticeable disorders, in most cases it resolves on its own. It is almost never possible to identify the cause. Some patients require symptomatic treatment.
Blepharitis
This term is used to denote an inflammatory process that covers the edges of the eyelids near the eyelashes. More often the disease is bilateral, accompanied by swelling, redness of the affectedareas. The course is characterized by numerous relapses. The patient is hypersensitive to light. High risk of eyelash loss. Therapy usually involves identifying the root cause of the negative process and eliminating it. Additionally, conservative therapy may be prescribed to relieve the symptoms of blepharitis.
Retinal Dystrophy
This is another name for eye pathology that frightens many. The problem is quite widespread, expressed in the gradual loss of vision to complete blindness. Cases of congenital pathology are known, but it is possible to acquire dystrophy. Several drugs have been developed to combat the disease. Sometimes a doctor recommends surgery. If the dystrophy is caused by changes related to the age of the patient, the effectiveness of any known treatment is rather low, and the prognosis is disappointing.
