For any woman, a he alth problem during pregnancy is alarming. What needs to be done so that complications do not arise, what medications are allowed to be used for hypertension at this time?
"Metoprolol" during pregnancy can be used with restrictions. The drug belongs to the pharmacological group of drugs beta-blockers. The drug is used to lower blood pressure and reduce the load on the heart in various pathological processes of the heart and blood vessels.
The drug is available in tablet form, the pills have a rounded shape, as well as a biconvex surface, depending on the concentration, they can have a pinkish or light yellow tint.
Composition
The main active ingredient of the drug is metoprolol tartrate, its concentration in one tablet is 50 or 100 milligrams. In addition, the structure of the drug includes additional substances:
- Polysorbate 80.
- Titanium oxide.
- Talc.
- Hypromellose.
Pills are packaged in blisters of 10 and 14 pieces. A total of 2, 3 and 4 blisters in the package.
Pharmacological properties
The active substance of the drug blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, which are localized in the heart and arterial vessels. The drug has several pharmacological actions, which include:
- Hypotensive effect.
- Antianginal action.
- Antiarrhythmic effect.
After taking the drug, the active ingredient is quickly and completely absorbed into the blood from the lumen of the stomach and intestines.
The active substance is evenly distributed throughout the tissues of the body, exchanged in the liver with the formation of inactive decay products that are excreted in urine.
Can pregnant women take Metoprolol
The drug has the ability to be rapidly absorbed into the body. It is removed from the blood by half within three to five hours. The drug can affect the number of heartbeats and blood pressure for about 10-12 hours.
Metabolic processes are carried out in the liver and excreted through the kidneys, as a rule, as inactive metabolic products. The drug can cross the placental barrier, penetrate into breast milk.
According to reviews, "Metoprolol" during pregnancy affects the fetus, so it can be prescribed only in special situations, when its pharmacological action will be slightly higher than the likely risk to the child's body.
Besides this, ifa woman is breastfeeding a child, she needs to stop breastfeeding and transfer the baby to formula during the use of the medicine.
According to reviews, "Metoprolol" during pregnancy at week 39 must be stopped no later than 2 days before the expected birth. The use of medication during lactation does not require the abolition of breastfeeding. It is only necessary to monitor the child's condition to exclude the negative impact of the medicine on the baby.
What is the medicine for
The drug is prescribed for diseases of the heart and blood vessels, which are accompanied by an increase in blood pressure and increased load on the myocardium:
- Treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs.
- Complex therapy for cardiac ischemia, which is accompanied by a decrease in the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.
- Elimination of various forms of arrhythmia.
Restrictions
According to the instructions for use, "Metoprolol" during pregnancy is contraindicated in a number of diseases and conditions, which include:
- Individual intolerance to drug substances.
- Cardiogenic shock (left ventricular failure, which is characterized by a sudden decrease in the contractility of the heart muscles).
- Atrioventricular blockade (a type of heart block, which means a violation of the electrical impulse from the atria toventricles).
- Syndrome of weakness of the sinus node (violation provoked by the weakening or cessation of the automatism function of the sinoatrial node).
- Bradycardia (a disease with a heart rate of less than sixty beats per minute).
- Hypotension (an illness characterized by low blood pressure).
- Prinzmetal's angina (a disease that occurs at rest following coronary artery stenosis and occurs with severe prolonged attacks).
What other contraindications does the medicine have
According to the instructions, "Metoprolol" for pregnant women is prescribed with extreme caution in the following conditions:
- Diabetes mellitus (a chronic metabolic disorder, which is based on a lack of formation of one's own insulin and an increase in blood glucose levels).
- Chronic obstructive bronchitis (damage to the bronchi and lungs, which is characterized by an irreversible restriction of airflow in the bronchopulmonary system, constantly progressing).
- Bronchial asthma (chronic inflammation of the respiratory system, which is characterized by suffocation of varying duration and frequency).
- Atrioventricular blockade of the first degree (a pathological process in which the conduction of the heart muscle is disturbed, which is characterized by a slowdown in the conduction of an impulse from the atria to the ventricles).
- Chronic liver and kidney disease.
- Depressive disorders.
- Thyrotoxicosis (pathological condition, withwhich the body produces an excess of thyroid hormones).
- Pathologies of peripheral vessels with their fusion.
- Myasthenia gravis (an autoimmune disease characterized by severe fatigue of the striated muscles).
- Pheochromocytoma (tumor of chromaffin cells of the sympathetic-adrenal system of adrenal or extra-adrenal origin).
Before starting therapy, make sure there are no restrictions.
How to take the drug correctly
According to the instructions, "Metoprolol" during pregnancy is taken orally immediately after meals. They are not chewed and washed down with water. The scheme of use and dosing depends on the pathological process:
- In case of arterial hypertension, the drug is prescribed in the initial dosage of 50-100 milligrams in 1 or 2 uses throughout the day. With a small pharmacological effect, the concentration can be increased to a maximum therapeutic daily dose of 200 mg.
- With angina pectoris, as well as arrhythmia or complex therapy of migraine - 100-200 milligrams per day in 2 divided doses.
- For functional disorders of the heart, it is recommended to use 100 mg of medication per day 2 doses.
- For preventive purposes, to prevent secondary myocardial infarction, 200 milligrams per day in 2 doses are prescribed.
In case of liver diseases, the concentration of the active substance is reduced depending on the lesion.
Negative reactions
From the instructions for use it is known that "Metoprolol" during pregnancy can lead to negative effects. The following reactions may appear in the digestive system:
- vomiting;
- dry mouth;
- pain in the abdomen;
- loose stools.
The following unpleasant symptoms can be observed from the side of the heart and blood vessels:
- Sinus bradycardia (a pathological process that is associated with a slowdown in the formation of an impulse).
- Orthostatic hypotension (a disease that is characterized by a violation of the body's ability to maintain a standard level of blood pressure in an upright position).
- Development of angiospasm (stenosis of blood vessels, as well as small arteries and capillaries, resulting in impaired microcirculation and tissue fluid exchange).
- Arrhythmia (a pathological condition in which there are violations of the frequency, rhythm and sequence of excitation and contraction of the heart).
- Violation of the conduction of the muscles of the heart.
- Kardialgia (a pathology characterized by the development of pain in the left side of the chest).
What other negative effects does the drug provoke
The following adverse reactions are noted from the side of the nervous system:
- Migraine (a neurological disease that is characterized by a sudden onset of headache that can be localized in any part).
- General weakness.
- Depressivedisorders.
- Paresthesias (a sensitivity disorder characterized by sudden onset of burning sensations, as well as tingling and crawling).
- Decreased attention.
- Drowsy.
- Memory deterioration.
- Weakness in muscles.
Besides this, the following side effects are also distinguished:
- Tinnitus.
- Dryness of the mucous membrane of the eye.
- Conjunctivitis (a disease of the organs of vision, which is characterized by damage to the conjunctiva).
- Nasal congestion.
- Bronchospasm (an ailment that appears when the smooth muscles of the bronchi contract and reduce their lumen).
- Shortness of breath.
- Hypoglycemia (a condition characterized by a decrease in blood glucose to a level at which brain cells and the body experience energy starvation).
- Hypothyroidism (a disease that is caused by a prolonged, persistent deficiency of endocrine hormones).
- Weight gain.
- Decreased libido.
- Exacerbation of psoriasis (a chronic disease that mainly affects the skin).
- Hyperhidrosis (a pathology accompanied by heavy sweating throughout the body or only in certain areas).
- Increased photosensitivity of the skin.
- Reversible alopecia (hair loss resulting in hair thinning or complete baldness).
- Itchy skin.
- Nettle rash.
If adverse reactions occur, the question of stopping therapy is decided by a medical specialist.
Gynecologist advice
Before starting treatment with "Metoprolol" during an interesting situation, it is important to familiarize yourself well with the instructions for the medicine. There are several nuances regarding the use of the drug that you need to pay attention to:
- The use of the drug requires regular monitoring of blood pressure levels, as well as heart rate.
- With a sharp cessation of therapy, a withdrawal syndrome is likely, which is characterized by an increase in blood pressure, the development of angina attacks and arrhythmias. Therefore, the cessation of treatment is carried out gradually.
- Pills can "hide" unpleasant symptoms of the pathological process of the cardiovascular system, which must be taken into account during diagnostic measures.
- Presence of depression at the start of therapy requires consultation and supervision of a psychiatrist.
- People who use contact lenses should be aware that the drug reduces the production of tear fluid and leads to dryness of the mucous membrane of the eye.
- During therapy, you should not engage in activities that require increased attention and speed of psychomotor reactions, since dizziness is likely.
In pharmacies, tablets are dispensed by prescription from a medical specialist. Self-medication is not recommended.
Generics
Similar in active ingredient andpharmacological action is possessed by "Egilok", "Metocard", "Metozok". Before changing the original medication, it is recommended to consult a specialist.
The shelf life of Metoprolol is 60 months. It is important to keep the drug in a dry, dark place at an air temperature of 15 to 25 degrees Celsius.
Reviews
The following advantages are highlighted in responses to Metoprolol: bioavailability, efficiency, low cost, instant action.
Among the negative aspects are: a large number of contraindications, frequent negative reactions, possible withdrawal syndrome.
