There are two main types of vascular formations on the skin: capillary angiodysplasia and hemangioma. Basically, you can find nevi formed from capillaries.
The most widespread similar malformation acquired among newborns. As a rule, it does not cause any complications other than a cosmetic defect, but in some cases, without appropriate treatment, there is a chance of bleeding, ulceration and infection.
Description
Capillary angiodysplasia is a consequence of improper formation of the circulatory system and is a wine-colored, purple or bright red spots on the skin. The main difference from hemangiomas is the formation of large spots that increase as the person grows.
Nevuses can become nodular and darker in color with age. Capillary angiodysplasia, the photo of which is presented below, does not causeharm to the human body, but due to its location in open areas of the body, it brings moral discomfort and may contribute to the emergence of complexes.
This pathology belongs to the category of congenital malformations, which appears as a result of the expansion of a large number of blood vessels. Unlike capillary hemangiomas, such spots are already present on the skin of a newborn baby and are quite large.
As noted earlier, capillary angiodysplasia does not protrude above the skin, has an irregular shape and bright shades of purple and red. Most often it is formed on the face, localization on other parts of the body is also possible. The presence of extensive formations may indicate the existence of more dangerous defects.
Diagnosis
Capillary angiodysplasia, the treatment of which is selected individually for each person, is detected not only through an external examination. Doppler scanning of veins and arteries is used as a standard diagnostic method. In addition, an important role in the formulation of the disease is played by ultrasound examination of adjacent tissues. The doctor must have sufficient experience in examining patients with a similar pathology, and special attention is paid to the quality of diagnostic equipment.
After capillary angiodysplasia has been determined, the type of formation and the depth of tissue lesions are established. In severe forms, it is recommended to perform computed angiography and magneticresonance research. The main disadvantage of such diagnostics is the high cost, but unlike the usual ultrasound diagnostics, they allow you to identify the type of disease and the degree of damage with maximum accuracy.
Capillary angiodysplasia of the face: treatment
Previously, vascular formations were treated only in severe forms, this was due to the fact that burning and surgical removal contributed to the formation of deep scars. Today, medical lasers are used to solve this problem, which do not damage he althy tissues and are able to selectively coagulate blood vessels. This allows treatment without consequences in the form of damage to the skin and scars. As a rule, lasers emitting beams of green and yellow spectrum are used. Their effect is to freely pass through the epidermis and accumulate in the capillary lumen, due to which thermal energy is generated that closes the vessel.
Types of lasers
Not only lasers emitting green and yellow light, but also infrared devices are quite widespread. The latter are somewhat inferior in efficiency due to the lower absorption of radiation by the blood.
Medical lasers are classified according to the emission spectrum and design features, the spot diameter is of particular importance. Devices emitting a small spot are suitable for the treatment of minor formations. Their use for extensive nevi is impractical due to slow processing and low efficiency. Lasers with a light spot of a larger size (from 4 mm) allow you to quickly stop even large angiodysplasia in a short time. Their advantage is also a low degree of radiation scattering, due to which they penetrate into the deepest layers of the skin. The increase in the effectiveness of treatment is achieved through the cold protection of the epidermis and the minimum duration of the pulses.
Features of treatment
Capillary angiodysplasia of the face and body is treated with a laser using local anesthetics and does not require general anesthesia, unlike surgical excision. The procedure has no contraindications and does not contribute to the formation of crusts and flaky surfaces. During treatment, pain is absent, in some cases a slight burning sensation is possible. For complete removal of a birthmark, several procedures are required with an interval of 3-4 weeks, their number directly depends on the size of the formation. Capillary angiodysplasia lightens with each treatment until it disappears completely.
Other treatments
The specificity of treatment is determined depending on the age of the patient, existing complications, the size of the spot and the form of education. The greatest efficiency is noted in the treatment in childhood, this helps to prevent the development of complications and changes in the nutrition of adjacent tissues.
Sclerotherapy is the best option for stopping venous forms of angiodysplasia. It is produced by filling the affected areasspecial sclerosing composition. In this way, complications resulting from surgical treatment can be avoided.
Capillar angiodysplasia: causes
The main factor in the appearance of wine stains is the adverse effect on the child during fetal development. Hormonal disorders, the use of drugs with a teratogenic effect, and infectious diseases suffered by the mother during pregnancy have an impact. It can also be caused by chromosomal abnormalities and other important factors. All this affects the formation of the circulatory system of the unborn child and the capillary bed. The result is arteriovenous formations that impede the nutrition of the skin and blood circulation at the spot.
Venous angiodysplasia
Clinical symptoms of the disease can occur at any age due to intoxication, trauma, pregnancy or hormonal changes. At the site of formation, blood circulation is disturbed, venous insufficiency and frequent blood stasis occur. The negative impact is also on the arterial channels. In particular, the elasticity of the walls of the arteries decreases, and their thinning and atrophy are also possible. A frequent complication is insufficient blood supply to the affected area. There are certain symptoms that make it possible to diagnose the disease:
- a large number of spider veins on the skin;
- varicose processes, extremelyrare in children;
- excessive sweating;
- hypertrophy of surrounding soft tissues;
- in case of damage to the limbs, intolerance to increased loads is noted.
