When the muscles contract, marked by a delay in the relaxation stage, a spasm is found in the intestines. It can occur as a result of various diseases, as well as in case of poisoning. At the same time, an unstable stool is observed, when diarrhea is replaced by constipation, the appearance of pain in the lower abdomen, which may be accompanied by flatulence.
Mechanism
Intestinal contraction occurs by perist altic waves, in which the muscular system of its various departments works alternately, from the duodenum to the sigmoid colon. In the rectum, such movements are not observed, since food is pushed towards it with the help of the above waves. In addition, pendulum contractions and rhythmic segmentation are observed in this organ. With the help of the latter, the lump of food is mixed. Pendulum contractions contribute to its multidirectional movement, as a result of which it moves towards the rectum.
Spasm is an ailment that is a symptom of other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. He canpass on their own, after the corresponding gases have departed or after a single visit to the sanitary room. If this does not happen, you need to see a doctor.
Grounds for emergence
Causes of spasm in the intestines may be the following:
- decomposition products of the tissues of the walls of this organ as a result of impaired blood circulation;
- heavy metal s alts;
- viruses and microflora;
- various toxins;
- intestinal overdistension;
- violation of his peristalsis;
- obstacles present in it;
- parasitic organisms.
Also spasm can be triggered by neuropsychiatric diseases that lead to loose stools.
Signs
The most typical of them are the following:
- appearance of a feeling of heaviness, which is concentrated in the lower abdomen;
- same sensation localized in the navel.
Symptoms of intestinal spasm are also constipation and its reverse process - diarrhea, as well as nausea, belching and flatulence. Vomiting, chills, headache, and cold sweats may be present.
In addition, there may be thrombosis of small vessels and intestinal obstruction. In this case, the pain fills the entire peritoneal area. The stomach becomes hard, there is a feeling of fullness of the intestines, which does not disappear even after visiting the sanitary room.
Symptoms and treatment of spasmintestines must be interconnected. It is necessary to identify what causes this ailment, and eliminate the cause that causes this symptom. To do this, you need to contact a gastroenterologist.
The occurrence of intestinal spasm in various pathologies
It can appear as a result of the following diseases:
- disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, as a result of which undigested food enters the intestines and causes it to spasm;
- intestinal infections such as cholera, typhoid, salmonella, dysentery, etc.;
- helminthiases, as a result of which roundworms irritate the nerve endings of the intestine, blocking its lumen and causing obstruction;
- SARS and influenza, which, with the general symptoms of viral intoxication, can also cause intestinal spasm;
- acute obstructive intestinal obstruction due to obstruction of the passage of feces: balls of worms, foreign bodies, lumps of plant fibers or matted hair, gall and intestinal stones, tumors;
- adhesive intestinal obstruction, which is formed as a result of gynecological infections and the latter in relation to the abdominal cavity, chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms, peritonitis, operations performed on the abdominal cavity.
In addition, spasms are formed as a result of the reaction of thin, impressionable people to nervous shocks. They can also appear due to various poisonings:
- for workers in hazardous chemical industries;
- animalspoisons (when eating the meat of some fish, honey collected from poisonous plants, etc.);
- plant toxins (potato solanine, prussic acid from felt cherry pits, etc.);
- mushrooms;
- as a result of various pathogenic microorganisms entering the body: staphylococci, Escherichia coli, causative agents of botulism.
Also they lead to various violations in the diet:
- eating spicy, smoked and fried foods;
- dry food;
- soaked and pickled foods;
- yeast-based dough products;
- stale and cold food.
In the treatment of intestinal spasm, the causes and symptoms must be considered for its proper implementation.
Signs in pregnancy
In the early stages of pregnancy, when the egg moves into the uterus, mild symptoms appear:
- cramps;
- paroxysmal pain.
To prevent complications, you need to see a doctor.
Varieties of disease
Pain and spasms in the intestines can manifest themselves in its various departments. In this regard, the following varieties are distinguished:
- vascular colic - occurs due to insufficient oxygen supply with increased blood pressure, compression of blood vessels by tumors, scars, adhesions, aortic aneurysm, thrombosis, atherosclerosis;
- lead colic - is formed as a result of poisoning with the heavy metal of the same name with an increase in body temperature up to 39 ° C, the appearance of gray plaque between the teeth and gums,bleeding of the latter, while there is tension in the abdominal muscles, pain in the abdomen;
- rectal colic - occurs in the rectum, characterized by frequent urge to defecate;
- appendicular colic - due to an inflammatory process in the appendix with localization of pain in the right iliac region with the observation of a clinical picture of general appendicitis after a few hours.
Diagnosis
Examination is carried out by a gastroenterologist, who, if there is a suspicion that a surgeon needs intervention, can refer the patient to this doctor. First, the diagnosis of spasms in the intestines is performed by examining the patient and determining the history of the disease.
Depending on what ailment the doctor suspected, he prescribes appropriate tests:
- general blood test - to determine inflammatory processes and recognize anemia;
- such a biochemical, which allows to detect violations of electrolytes, kidney, pancreas, liver function, inflammation;
- general urinalysis - to determine violations in the functioning of the pancreas, kidneys, liver;
- coprogram - to study pathological processes in the same organs, except for the kidneys, including the stomach and intestines;
- Gregersen's test - to determine the blood that is not detected under a microscope;
- Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity;
- FGDS;
- colonoscopy of the large intestine, with whichestablish various neoplasms, diverticula, stenosis, fecal stones and ulcers;
- sigmoidoscopy - with its help in the rectum and sigmoid colon with the help of an endoscope, inflammation of the mucosa, bleeding, benign and malignant tumors are determined;
- Emergency plain radiography;
- radiocontrast studies - used to detect internal hernias, diverticula, fecal stones, stenosis, ulcers, various neoplasms;
- CT - used when it is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis using other methods.
Medicated treatment
What to do with intestinal spasm? First of all, you need to visit a doctor. He will prescribe the appropriate treatment.
To cure an illness caused by a bactericidal nature, a doctor prescribes antibiotics.
If spasms are due to poor blood supply to the organs, then antispasmodics and antihypertensive drugs are prescribed.
To reduce pain syndromes in the treatment of intestinal spasms, painkillers are prescribed: Baralgin, No-shpa.
Physiotherapy
How to relieve spasm without the use of drugs? To do this, you can use dousing with cold water. It is necessary to do special exercises from the complex of physiotherapy exercises. You can also go swimming. Massages recommended.
Folk remedies
There are many prescriptions for the treatment of intestinal spasm with non-drug drugs. Some of them are presentedbelow:
- chopped nettle (1 tablespoon), walnut partitions, St. John's wort, meadowsweet are taken in equal proportions, brought to a boil and left to simmer until the temperature of the solution reaches room temperature - use 0.5 cups hourly;
- 70 g of wormwood is poured with filtered or spring water, after which it is left for one day to settle, after which it is boiled, filtered, poured with 350 g of granulated sugar or honey and boiled - take 1 tsp. 4 times a day;
- every two hours take 1 tbsp. l. vegetable oil, after which - a few sips of chamomile or mint decoction;
- birch fungus is soaked for 4 hours, then crushed, poured with warm water and kept for two days, after which it is filtered and taken 6 times a day before meals;
- you can take a decoction of berries taken in equal proportions: plums, gooseberries, blueberries, and blackcurrant leaves.
Diet
Proper treatment must be accompanied by a balanced diet. It should be supplied in small portions to the body 5-6 times a day. In this case, you need to use those foods that favorably affect intestinal motility, which include:
- fermented milk products;
- porridge;
- spinach-carrot juices;
- lean fish;
- herbal tea drinks;
- grated carrots and apples;
- fruit and vegetable products.
You can uselow-fat and mild meat dishes.
At the same time, the following should be excluded from the diet:
- goods with coarse fiber - cabbage, radish, radish, corn, turnip;
- legumes;
- fatty meat;
- yeast dough products;
- buffets;
- sweets;
- seasonings;
- canned food;
- carbonated drinks;
- smoked meats;
- marinades;
- pickles;
- spicy and fried foods.
Other treatments
How to relieve intestinal spasm? The use of a psychotherapeutic method through conversations between a doctor and a patient or during hypnotic sessions.
The last option is surgery. It is used when traditional conservative methods have failed.
Disease prognosis
Mostly it's auspicious. In this case, the patient must adhere to an optimal diet and lead a he althy lifestyle. Periodically visit a gastroenterologist to check the condition of your intestines. Compliance with all these recommendations will avoid complications.
In closing
Intestinal spasm appears in humans as a result of exposure to various causes. It is necessary to monitor hygiene in order to prevent the development of helminthiasis, eat quality foods prepared in traditional ways, and only those that do not cause food allergies. It is also necessary to temper and exercise physical activity. As with any other disease, treatment should be prescribed by a doctor. When such an ailment occurs, it is better not to start self-medication. It is better to call an ambulance to transport the patient to the hospital.
