Chronic urticaria is a disease characterized by the development of allergic reactions in the body. Contact with an allergen leads to inflammation of the skin, including nerves and vessels located in the dermis.
During the development of inflammatory reactions, red blisters appear on the skin. All this causes considerable discomfort to the patient. Chronic urticaria has a pronounced impact on the quality of life of patients. This pathology disrupts the daily activity of a person, worsens sleep. As a rule, chronic recurrent urticaria develops against the background of sensitization, which is caused by the spread of infection (cholecystitis, tonsillitis, adnexitis and other infectious diseases), leading to dysfunction of the alimentary canal, lymphatic system, and liver. During an attack, patients often complain of severe headache, hyperthermia, weakness, with swelling of the mucous membrane of the digestive canal, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea occur. Excruciating itching is often accompanied by neurotic disorders andinsomnia.
Chronic urticaria: pathogenesis
Most scientists are of the opinion that the clinical picture of chronic urticaria is primarily associated with the activation of skin mast cells.
Under certain conditions, these cells begin to synthesize a huge amount of neurotransmitters (histamine, serotonin, etc.). To date, the role of mediators of endothelial and mast cells in increasing the permeability of vascular walls has been proven. It has been established that mast cell degranulation is not associated with the activation of high-affinity receptors.
Chronic urticaria: symptoms
The main clinical sign of the presented disease are erythematous itchy blisters rising above the surface of the skin. The size of the blisters varies from a few millimeters to three to five centimeters, they constantly change their location, often recur.
The indicated persistent clinical signs do not pose a threat to human life, however, sometimes they lead to disability, significantly worsen the quality of life, and cause significant discomfort. Patients develop insomnia, reduced daily activities. Patients tend to isolate themselves from society, which is associated with cosmetic defects.
Chronic Urticaria Treatment
Therapeutic treatments for chronic urticaria are aimed at identifying and eliminating all factors that cause allergic reactions. It is worth noting that in mostcases, it is still not possible to find an allergen that causes the development of this pathology. Treatment of chronic urticaria requires a thorough examination of the patient, and without consulting a dermatologist, the treatment of this pathology is impossible. In the process of treatment, the patient is usually prescribed antihistamines (Chloropyramine, Mebhydrolin, Clemastine, Diphenhydramine, Cyproheptadine), anti-inflammatory, antioxidant drugs, in severe cases, hormones (corticosteroids, glucocorticoids) are used.
