Antibacterial drugs, or antibiotics, are called such medications that suppress the reproduction of pathogenic microbes and are able to destroy them. Such substances are synthetic and natural. Natural found in various medicinal plants, bacteria or fungi. The most famous and common among them are tetracycline, penicillin, streptomycin. They have sufficient effectiveness, but in some cases sometimes their therapeutic properties are not enough. In the treatment of severe and serious diseases, synthetic antibacterial drugs are required, which are produced by pharmaceutical companies.
Antibiotics are available in the form of injections, tablets and syrups. Injections are used for intramuscular injections, for oral administration - tablets. But what if the child is still very small and cannot swallow a pill, but you don’t want to give injections to the baby at all? In this situation, they come to the rescueantibacterial medicines in the form of syrups and suspensions. A suspension is a mixture of powder dissolved in a liquid.
Solid antibacterial agents are milled in a pharmaceutical factory, flavored, flavored and bottled. The drugs have different dosages, which is very convenient when you need to calculate how much medication to give the child. If it is very small, the doctor prescribes an antibiotic in the form of a syrup with a small dosage. For older children, the daily dose is larger; special dosage forms are also provided for this. In addition, special measuring pipettes and spoons are usually included with such medicines so that parents can accurately measure the amount of the suspension.
Overview of drugs
Among the most famous and common antibiotics in syrups for children are the following medicines:
- Suprax.
- Amoxicillin.
- Klacid.
- Pancef.
- "Azithromycin".
- "Cephalexin".
- Macrofoam.
- Azitrox.
- "Amoxiclav".
These medicines effectively eliminate various infectious diseases in children, but are prescribed only in exceptional situations, since they have many side effects and contraindications. They are used only on the advice of a doctor.
Supraks
This is an antibiotic that is suitable for treating pediatric patients from birth. It is produced in granules for the preparation of syrup for oral administration: small, whiteor cream. The granules are dissolved in water, after which a sweet suspension with strawberry flavor is formed.
Instructions for use for "Supraks" for children are in each pack. The main active element of this drug is micronized cefixime trihydrate at a dosage of 100 mg. Included with the drug is a dosing syringe with a volume of 5 ml.
This syrup for children is a III generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with a wide spectrum of effects. The mechanism of action of the agent is due to the suppression of the synthesis of pathogen cell membranes. The main element is resistant to β-lactamases, which are produced by most pathogenic bacteria.
Indications for the appointment of this medication are inflammatory diseases of infectious origin, provoked by sensitive microorganisms:
- pharyngitis;
- tonsillitis;
- sinusitis;
- acute or chronic bronchitis;
- otitis media;
- infectious diseases of the urinary tract.
Instructions for the use of this antibiotic syrup describes the dosage regimen of the drug: for children over 12 years old - 400 mg per day, for 7-10 days. Children under 12 years old - 8 mg/kg of body weight once a day.
According to the instructions for use for "Supraks" for children, the drug can cause such adverse reactions: dry mouth, anorexia, dyspeptic disorders, abdominal pain, transient increase in liver transaminase activity,flatulence, hyperbilirubinemia, gastrointestinal candidiasis, jaundice, glossitis, dysbacteriosis, stomatitis, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, leukopenia, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, dizziness, cephalgia, interstitial nephritis, urticaria, skin redness, fever, eosinophilia.
Contraindication to the appointment of syrup for children "Supraks" is high sensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins.
Amoxicillin
This remedy is a medicine from the category of penicillin antibiotics. It has a wide range of effects and is considered one of the most popular potent drugs in pediatrics. This tool has a detrimental effect on pathogens and accelerates the child's recovery process when the body is damaged by various infections.
The principle of action of the antibiotic in syrup for children "Amoxicillin" is based on its following properties:
- destruction of pathogenic bacteria;
- increasing the protective forces of the child's body;
- damaging effect on salmonella, streptococcus, E. coli and staphylococcus;
- rapid penetration into lung tissues, bronchi, circulatory system and urine;
- eliminate bacterial activity in the child's body;
- anti-inflammatory effect;
- prevention of complications;
- normalization of the general state.
This remedy is produced in three forms - capsules, tablets and granules for making syrup for children. The active ingredient in the preparation is trihydrateamoxicillin. Auxiliary components in the composition of the syrup are: flavoring (raspberry or strawberry), sucrose, sodium benzoate, sodium saccharinate, sodium citrate, simethicone, guar gum.
The powder is placed in a plastic or dark glass tube. A measuring spoon is included with the preparation. The granules have a neutral taste and a fruity smell.
The drug "Amoxicillin" in the form of a syrup is intended for children with the development of infectious processes in the respiratory system, in the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system or on the skin. This antibiotic can be used in the treatment of newborns and infants.
The instructions for use indicate that the minimum course of therapy with this remedy is five days.
Indications for its appointment are the following pathologies:
- angina;
- peritonitis;
- bronchitis;
- pharyngitis;
- typhoid;
- urethritis;
- cystitis;
- laryngitis;
- listeriosis;
- pyelonephritis;
- meningitis;
- sinusitis;
- scarlet fever;
- pneumonia;
- otitis media
As an adverse reaction, the child may experience vomiting, headache, impaired stool, nervous excitement, shock.
Contraindications are: kidney failure, atopic dermatitis, bleeding disorder, composition intolerance, lymphocytic leukemia, infectious mononucleosis, bronchial asthma, dysbacteriosis.
Children under 2 years of age are prescribed 20 mg/kg per day. In the olderage medication is used according to the instructions.
Klacid
This is an antibiotic syrup for children. This remedy is from the category of macrolides, which have a detrimental effect on a wide range of pathogenic microbes. Indications for its appointment are bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, folliculitis and erysipelas in children. A distinctive feature of this remedy is its high activity against atypical bacteria that cause inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. In addition, this medicine is highly effective in the treatment of otitis media.
The composition of the drug contains the active substance clarithromycin. Klacid syrup is not sold ready-made, so you should cook it yourself. To do this, water is added to the powder, and the vial is thoroughly shaken.
Single dosage of Klacid syrup for children is calculated individually, based on body weight indicators - 7.5 mg/kg.
Pancef
This is an antibiotic that is ideal for treating pediatric patients from birth. It is produced in granules for the preparation of syrup for oral administration. The granules are dissolved in water, after which a sweet suspension is formed.
The main active ingredient in this syrup for children with antibiotics is micronized cefixime trihydrate.
What group does the product belong to? The medicine "Pancef" is a cephalosporin semi-synthetic antibiotic of the III generation with an extensive spectrum of effects. The mechanism of action of the drug is due to the suppressionsynthesis of cell membranes of the pathogen. The main element is resistant to β-lactamases, which are synthesized by most pathogenic bacteria.
Indications for the appointment of syrup for children "Pancef" are inflammatory diseases of infectious origin, provoked by sensitive microbes:
- pharyngitis;
- sinusitis;
- acute or chronic bronchitis;
- otitis media;
- infectious diseases of the urinary tract.
Pancef medicine can cause such side reactions: dry mouth, anorexia, dyspeptic disorders, abdominal pain, transient increase in liver transaminase activity, flatulence, hyperbilirubinemia, gastrointestinal candidiasis, jaundice, glossitis, dysbacteriosis, stomatitis, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, leukopenia, neutropenia, dizziness, cephalgia, interstitial nephritis, urticaria, skin erythema, fever, eosinophilia.
High sensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins is a contraindication to prescribing this medication.
Instructions for use and dosage: for children weighing up to 50 kg, 3-9 mg/kg per day orally.
Azithromycin Syrup
This antibiotic has the trade name "Azithromycin Ecomed", belongs to the category of macrolides. For the treatment of children, it is available as a powder for making syrup with a dosing double-sided spoon and a syringe included.
Azithromycin is the active element of this remedy, which is a bacteriostatic substance. Its mechanism of action is based on suppressionprotein synthesis in microbial cells. Indications for its appointment are such pathologies: tonsillitis, peritonitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, typhoid fever, urethritis, cystitis, laryngitis, listeriosis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, sinusitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, otitis media.
The instructions recommend the following dosing regimen for babies from 6 months: 10 mg/kg per day.
The drug "Azithromycin" can cause such side reactions: dry mouth, anorexia, dyspeptic disorders, abdominal pain, transient increase in liver transaminase activity, flatulence, hyperbilirubinemia, gastrointestinal candidiasis, jaundice, glossitis, dysbacteriosis, stomatitis, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, dizziness, cephalgia, interstitial nephritis, urticaria, skin erythema, fever, eosinophilia.
Cefalexin Syrup
This is a 1st generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of therapeutic effects. Has bactericidal properties. The dosage form of this medication for children is a powder for making sweet syrup. The white powder is packaged in a 150 ml opaque polyethylene bottle. The kit includes a measuring spoon designed for easy dosing of syrup.
The suspension contains an active substance - cephalexin, as additional components are citric acid, sodium cocarboxymethylcellulose, vanillin, raspberry flavor, sugar.
The instructions for use indicate the following dosing regimen: for children with weightfrom 10 kg appoint 20 ml per day.
Indications for the appointment of Cefalexin are the following pathologies: tonsillitis, peritonitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, typhoid fever, urethritis, cystitis, laryngitis, listeriosis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, sinusitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, otitis.
Macrofoam
This is a macrolide antibiotic that is bacteriostatic at low doses and bactericidal at high doses. The principle of its action is based on the suppression of protein production in bacterial cells. The active element is able to bind to subunits of bacterial ribosomal membranes.
"Macrofoam" for children is presented in the form of granules for the preparation of syrups for oral administration: small, orange in color, without visible impurities, with a slight banana flavor. The powder is packaged in dark glass bottles.
Indications for the use of Macropen syrup: exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillopharyngitis, atypical infections of the respiratory organs, prevention and treatment of diphtheria and whooping cough, pathology of the genitourinary organs, enteritis, diseases leather.
A single dose of syrup has restrictions on the weight of the child: up to 5 kg - 3.75 ml, 5-10 kg -7.5 ml, 10-15 kg - 10 ml, 15-20 kg -15 ml, 20 -30 kg - 22.5 ml.
Azitrox
This antibiotic belongs to the category of macrolides. For the treatment of children, it is available in the form of a powder for making syrup. Azithromycin is the active element of this drug, which is bacteriostaticsubstance. The mechanism of its action is based on the suppression of protein synthesis of microbial cells. Indications for its appointment are such pathologies: tonsillitis, peritonitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, typhoid fever, urethritis, cystitis, laryngitis, listeriosis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, sinusitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, otitis media.
Azitrox syrup can cause the following adverse reactions: dry mouth, anorexia, dyspeptic disorders, abdominal pain, transient increase in liver transaminase activity, flatulence, hyperbilirubinemia, gastrointestinal candidiasis, jaundice, glossitis, dysbacteriosis, stomatitis, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, leukopenia, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, dizziness, cephalgia, interstitial nephritis, urticaria, skin erythema, fever, eosinophilia.
The instructions for use indicate that the drug is prescribed for children weighing over 45 kg in a dosage of 500 mg per day for 1 dose for 3 days.
Amoxiclav
The drug "Amoxiclav" is a combined antibacterial drug, a semi-synthetic penicillin, which acts on many pathogenic microorganisms, inhibiting the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, an element that is part of the structure of the walls of bacteria. A decrease in the production of peptidoglycan causes a decrease in the strength of cell walls, which subsequently leads to lysis and destruction of these cells. At the same time, the main substance is sensitive to the effects of beta-lactamases, which destroy it, so its antibacterial activity does not apply to microorganisms synthesizing this enzyme. For greater efficiency in the compositionantibiotic for children in the syrup "Amoxiclav" includes clavulanic acid, an inhibitor of beta-lactamase. It has the property of inactivating beta-lactamase. The relative activity of clavulanic acid to plasmid beta-lactamases has also been proven.
The main indications for prescribing an antibiotic in the form of Amoxiclav syrup for children are the following pathologies: tonsillitis, peritonitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, typhoid fever, urethritis, cystitis, laryngitis, listeriosis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, sinusitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, otitis.
According to the instructions for use, the maximum daily dose of the drug for children is 10 mg/kg of body weight.
Side effects in children from taking "Amoxiclav" in suspension may manifest as follows:
- diarrhea;
- vomit;
- dizziness;
- disorders of the stomach;
- problems in the liver and kidneys, etc.
We reviewed antibiotic syrups for children. All drugs and dosage should be selected by a doctor. In no case do not self-medicate, you can harm the he alth of the child.
