The term "multiple organ failure" was first formulated in 1973 in a paper on the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Somewhat later, the concept was specified by A. Baue and D. Fry. They finally established, somewhat expanded and classified the symptoms that testify to this severe disease.
Today, the term “multiple organ failure” refers to an extremely serious pathological condition that develops as a reaction to surgery, sepsis, and purulent diseases. In addition, the cause of the development of the disease can be eclampsia, diabetes, meningoencephalitis, poisoning.
Multiple organ failure syndrome can be triggered by:
- Acute or profuse blood loss.
- Severe shock.
- Skull injuries.
- Bruised or damaged heart.
- Hemopneumothorax.
- Multiple fractures.
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multiple organ failure syndrome
Pathology,arising in the body as a kind of stress reaction, affects two or more body systems responsible for normal life.
An example is a violation of the general gas exchange in the body, which usually develops on the second day of the post-traumatic period and is almost always accompanied by acute renal or liver failure.
The most susceptible to the development of a condition called "multiple organ failure" are smokers, diabetics, drug addicts, people who abuse steroids and cytostatics.
It is paradoxical that the disease owes its appearance to the success and rapid development of resuscitation.
Earlier, when resuscitation was just getting on its feet, most patients died from shock or acute blood loss.
Today, medicine is quite successfully and quickly coping with the state of shock.
For example, in case of blood loss, jet infusions (infusions) are used. In response to this, on the 2-4th day, multiple organ failure develops in the victim's body, affecting several organs or systems at once.
Deviation may develop in one step or gradually.
Single-phase PON is characterized first by a violation of gas exchange, which is later joined by developing insufficiency of cardiac activity, liver, kidneys, lungs, and other organs. In this case, PON is the last complication, followed by the death of the patient.
In a two-phase course of the disease, the short stabilization of the patient, taken out of the state of shock, is violatedsepsis leading to PON and death.
Doctors have established the stages of development of multiple organ failure.
1. Violation of gas exchange, blood clotting, a decrease in platelets, but an increase in bilirubin and some other enzymes.
Later, an infection joins the already existing disorders, due to which the kinin system is activated, neurohumoral changes appear, and blood circulation is disturbed. Multiple organ failure develops, stress ulcers of the intestine appear.
2. Decompensation or irreversible changes that occur at the subcellular level.
PON is better not to treat, but to prevent, by carrying out active resuscitation, aimed, among other things, at the occurrence of a stress reaction.
