Sweet disease or diabetes mellitus is a whole group of pathological conditions, the main symptom of which is a violation of metabolic processes. As a result, blood glucose levels can rise dramatically. This pathology is called hyperglycemia. She is not amenable to treatment. People with such a disease can only achieve some state of compensation, in which it is possible to slow down the progression of the disease and keep the level of sugar within acceptable limits. Gymnastics for diabetics is one way.
Maintaining the required level of physical activity not only reduces blood sugar, but also stimulates the pancreas. Therapeutic exercise also helps to maintain the functional abilities of internal organs, because with hyperglycemia they are seriously affected.
In this review, we will look at how therapeutic exercises are performed for diabetes, are there any contraindications to itimplementation.
Basic information about the disease
To understand why therapeutic exercises for type 2 diabetes can bring good results, it is necessary to consider the causes and mechanism of the development of the disease itself. There are several forms of pathology that are considered the most common.
Type 1 diabetes
What is this disease? In another way, this type is also called insulin-dependent. The peculiarity of this form is that the human pancreas is not able to produce the required amount of the hormone - insulin. This substance is required for the transfer of sugar molecules from the blood into the cells. Since it is not enough, they do not receive the required amount of sugar and begin to suffer from a lack of energy resources.
At the initial stage, it can be quite difficult to diagnose the disease, as the body tries to compensate for the pathology. However, when resources are exhausted, the clinical picture will become especially pronounced. Unfortunately, this happens already when 85-87% of the cells of the insular apparatus are no longer able to work normally.
Type 2 diabetes
This form is non-insulin dependent. The pancreas still manages to synthesize enough insulin. However, sugar still remains in the blood instead of getting inside the cells. This is due to the loss of tissue sensitivity to the effects of insulin. In another way, this condition is also called insulin resistance. Arise itmay be influenced by factors such as heredity, sedentary lifestyle, unhe althy diet and excess weight.
Treatment in this case will be to take special drugs that reduce sugar levels. At the same time, you should also follow a diet and provide the body with adequate physical activity.
Gestational form
This type of disease affects only pregnant women. The disease has symptoms similar to type 2 diabetes, however, in addition to the above factors, hormonal changes also take part in its development. After the birth of the child, the disease completely disappears. In rare cases, the pathology takes the form of non-insulin dependent diabetes.
Therapeutic exercises for diabetes: features
So what is she like? How is therapeutic exercises for type 2 diabetics performed? What does the set of exercises include? All movements included in it are aimed at preventing the further development of pathologies. In order to perform the basic movements more efficiently, specialists for each clinical case separately develop an exercise therapy scheme.
In type 2 diabetes, a set of exercises helps to achieve the following results:
- Gives the patient self-confidence.
- Forms a conscious attitude of the patient to the tasks assigned to him.
- Encourages the patient to actively participate in exercise therapy exercises.
Select a set of exercises for diabetes shouldrehabilitator. This is a specialist who develops a recovery and treatment program for patients.
Following a special diet
Gymnastics for diabetics must be accompanied by a dietary adjustment. In type 2 diabetes, it is necessary to fight excess weight and improve the sensitivity of peripheral tissues. Type 1 diabetes requires a slightly different approach. This is primarily due to the fact that physical activity can increase blood sugar levels. The rehabilitation specialist and the endocrinologist should explain to the patient at what indicators of blood sugar levels it is worth exercising, and when it is better to refuse to exercise.
Why do diabetics need exercise?
Clinical studies have proven that an active lifestyle has a positive effect on overall he alth. And this applies to both he althy and sick people. After a few months of regular training, the body becomes more toned and elastic, and the skin begins to breathe freshness.
The course of physical therapy for diabetes mellitus should be built on the basis of the following points:
- Exercise therapy becomes an integral part of the daily routine (work, leisure and travel should not have any effect on the regularity of exercise).
- Gymnastics for diabetics for every day should please the patient. Only in this case, exercise therapy will bring pleasure.
Therapeutic exercise helps keep body weight under control. Exercise helps reduce appetite and break down carbohydrates. In addition, after sports, you want to eat meals and foods high in protein, not saccharides. Therefore, the basis of the treatment of diabetes should still be properly selected nutrition. Physical activity only reinforces its effectiveness.
How does exercise therapy help with the disease in question?
What can be achieved by regularly performing special exercises for diabetes? Physical activity has a positive effect on the general condition of the patient.
She makes it possible:
- Reduce blood sugar and fight insulin resistance.
- Strengthen and heal the body.
- Support the normal functioning of the heart muscle, respiration and blood vessels.
- Remove excess cholesterol from the body.
- Slow down atherosclerotic vascular disease.
- Increase efficiency.
- Reduce the likelihood of micro- and macroangiopathy.
- Activate metabolic processes at the level of peripheral tissues.
- Restore normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Normalize the psycho-emotional state.
Exercise for diabetes of varying severity
What makes them special? Diabetes is subdivided not only by the mechanism of development, but also by the severity of the disease. These factors influence the choice of a set of exercises. AtIf you have mild diabetes, you can exercise for 40 minutes a day. With a disease of moderate severity, you can exercise for 25-30 minutes a day. In a severe form of the disease, physical activity is allowed for 15 minutes. What exercises can be performed with various degrees of the disease?
Mild degree
Gymnastics for type 2 diabetics in this form includes exercises aimed at all groups of the muscular apparatus. Training can take place both at a fast and at a slow pace. Rehabilitologists also recommend using equipment such as a Swedish ladder and a bench to perform exercises.
Together with a complex of therapeutic exercises, experts advise taking long walks, swimming, yoga and jogging.
Medium degree
Gymnastics for diabetics in this case should also be aimed at working out the entire muscular apparatus. However, with this form of development of the disease, all exercises are performed at a moderate pace. As in the first case, walking is recommended here. However, distances should not exceed 6–7 km. A set of exercises in this case should be designed in such a way that the density of physical activity does not exceed 50%.
Severe
In this state, the disease is extremely difficult. At this stage, the vessels of the brain, lower extremities, kidneys, heart and visual analyzer are affected. Therefore, to fulfillexercises should be treated with extreme caution. How does exercise therapy work in type 2 diabetes in this case? A set of exercises for a diabetic should be performed at a slow pace. Only fine motor skills and an average muscle group should be worked out. You can perform exercises only an hour after the injection of insulin and the intake of food. These recommendations will help reduce the risk of developing a hypoglycemic condition, in which blood sugar levels drop to a critical value. Even for bedridden patients, there are complexes of therapeutic exercises. They are mainly represented by breathing techniques, which are especially effective for diabetes.
Contraindications
This moment deserves special attention. Is it possible for everyone to engage in physiotherapy exercises with diabetes? Gymnastics is recommended only if the effectiveness of its implementation is noticeable. Sports can be practiced provided that the blood sugar does not exceed 14 mmol / l. This is especially true for type 2 disease, since it is easier to balance the amount of insulin used for injections with physical activity and diet in this case. Checking your sugar levels before exercising is what all diabetics should do. Gymnastics with elevated blood sugar should not be performed.
Exercise therapy should not be done also if you have the following symptoms:
- decompensation in severe form;
- poor performance and weakness;
- critical spikes in sugar levels;
- heart failure;
- developing lesion of the visual analyzer;
- hypertensive crisis.
In any case, the patient must undergo a comprehensive examination before starting the course of exercise therapy.
Experts should evaluate:
- severity of disease;
- presence of pathologies and complications;
- the state of blood vessels and the heart.
To make a decision, a qualified doctor must study the results of the Cooper test, electrocardiogram, bicycle ergometry. Also, the patient must be examined by an ophthalmologist, surgeon, neurologist and surgeon.
Conclusion
Exercise therapy for diabetes helps to achieve amazing results. It helps the patient maintain blood sugar levels, has a general healing effect on the entire body. However, there are a number of contraindications in which gymnastics for diabetics is not recommended. Consultation of a professional specialist in this case is required. He alth is the key to a successful life for any person, so take care of it!
