During antibiotic therapy, acute reactions to drugs of various groups are often observed in adult patients and children. They can be caused by drugs that the patient has already encountered before, as well as broad-spectrum antibiotics of the new generation. The list of such drugs is quite large, we will tell you more about them in this article.
Skin rash, swelling, hyperemia, red spots are characteristic signs of allergies that occur in patients of any age. It is very important for parents to know its symptoms, what to do in case of an acute reaction to the drug, which should be considered when treating a child with antibiotics.
Causes of occurrence
Recent studies have found that more than a third of the body's negative immune responses to medications are manifested by antibiotics. Allergies can causeboth traditional, well-known drugs, and new generation drugs. Significantly increases the risk of negative symptoms when using drugs that the patient uses for the first time.
Any allergy to antibiotics in children develops as a response of the immune system: the baby's body perceives certain components of the drug as an antigen that he needs to fight. Active substances that are part of antibiotics can cause an acute allergy, a reaction with increased capillary permeability, release of histamine, swelling of the skin, skin rashes.
Doctors say that to date, the causes of allergies in a child after a course of antibiotics have not been precisely established. The most likely factors provoking the development of the disease, they include:
- genetic predisposition;
- long course of taking the drug;
- heredity;
- lowered immunity;
- dysbacteriosis, helminthic invasions, pathologies of the kidneys and liver in severe form;
- Overdose or unauthorized change in the duration of a child's treatment with strong antibiotics.
It has been established that if parents are allergic to flowers, for example, in 50% of cases the child will develop a negative immune response to another irritant, which may be the drug used with an antibiotic in the composition.
Which antibiotics cause allergies?
The most common allergic reaction tomedicines in a child occurs when taking the following drugs:
- tetracycline and penicillin series;
- derivatives of ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol;
- sulfonamide derivatives;
- Means with nitrofurantoins.
Antibiotics for children
Today, pharmacies offer several pharmacological forms of broad-spectrum antibiotics for children:
- powders for suspensions;
- drops;
- pills;
- powder for intravenous and intramuscular injections.
In the form of suppositories or syrup, antibiotics are not produced. Babies are usually prescribed a liquid antibiotic in the form of a suspension. This medicine is easier for children to take, it is quickly absorbed by the body of babies.
A list of new generation broad-spectrum antibiotics for children can be summarized as follows:
- "Amoxicillin". A drug from the penicillin group, which is prescribed for children with pneumonia, pharyngitis, acute colds, dysentery, salmonellosis, lesions of the skin and tissues with infectious inflammation. Designed for kids over two years old. The dosage is set by the doctor depending on the age and weight of the child. The drug is produced in the form of a powder, which is diluted with boiled water to form a suspension.
- "Augmentin" is a drug that has the same properties as the above drug. The only difference is clavulanic acid, which prevents the development of harmful enzymes,produced by pathogenic stamps aimed at destroying the components of the antibiotic. For children, the product is made in powder. It is diluted according to the instructions with boiled water and shaken until a suspension is obtained. In the form of tablets, the drug is intended for adults. Approved for use even by newborns, but in the dosage determined by the pediatrician, and only for he alth reasons.
- "Supraks" is an antibiotic belonging to the group of new generation cephalosporins. Suitable for the treatment of the respiratory tract. It is prescribed for babies from the age of six months. This antibiotic is not active in diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. Produced in granules, from which a suspension is prepared.
- "Sumamed" is a new generation macrolide. It is used for bronchitis, tonsillitis, infectious dermatoses, scarlet fever, sinusitis, tonsillitis. The drug has a high immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and mucoregulatory effect.
- "Flemoxin Solutab" is a drug of the penicillin series. It is popular with pediatricians. This remedy is prescribed even for newborns with respiratory infections, diseases of the genitourinary system, as well as intestinal infections. The doctor calculates the dosage and regimen according to the weight of the child.
Diagnosis
It is impossible to determine the type or type of allergic reaction to antibiotics in a child. The course of treatment with these drugs puts a serious burden on a small organism, therefore, at the first signs of the disease, it is necessary to undergo an examination, which includes:
- urine, blood tests;
- feces (helminth infestation);
- skin biopsy;
- test for the amount of immunoglobulin E.
After examining the results of the tests, the doctor will be able to make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe treatment. If an allergy in a child after a course of antibiotics manifests itself in an acute form, an urgent consultation of the attending physician is necessary. The manifestation of the disease in children can be with characteristic symptoms and without them.
Local symptoms
Fortunately, local symptoms in most cases do not pose a threat to the life of the baby. Manifestations of local symptoms can be divided into several categories:
- Urticaria is a typical manifestation of an allergy to antibiotics in a child. A rash on the skin, which is accompanied by severe itching, in 10% of cases merges into large spots, sometimes covering the entire body of the baby.
- Reaction to daylight. This condition is called photosensitivity. Most often occurs after taking medications of the penicillin group.
- Special forms of rash. Such a rash, which doctors call vesicles, which contain a clear liquid.
Any manifestation of symptoms of a local nature is a signal to parents to seek medical help.
General symptoms
General allergy symptoms in a child after taking antibiotics appear in 20% of recorded cases among young patients. It has complex manifestations and a very strong load on the body. Herthe main feature is a threat to the life of the baby.
Epidermal necrolysis
A blistering rash appears on the skin, quite large, the vesicles periodically burst. An open wound forms at this site, into which a secondary infection penetrates.
Drug Fever
The child's body temperature rises to +39-40 degrees. An urgent withdrawal of the drug used and a visit to the doctor is necessary.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Extensive rashes on the skin, accompanied by an inflammatory process on the mucous membranes, on which a small rash may also appear. Body temperature can rise up to 40 degrees.
Quincke's edema
Severe allergic reaction to drugs, which is manifested by severe swelling of the mucous membranes of the throat. Additionally, redness of the skin and itching are noted. Diagnosis and treatment should be made without delay, as delay in this case can lead to suffocation.
Serum-like symptom
Manifested at the end of a course of treatment or after discontinuation of the drug. In children, it occurs in 55% of cases. The skin is covered with a rash of various sizes, lymph nodes are enlarged, the temperature rises to 39 degrees.
Anaphylactic shock
Represents a particular danger to the he alth and life of the child. This is an instant allergic reaction to the drug used or its component. The signs of this pathology are:
- drop in blood pressure;
- skin rash with severe itching;
- difficultybreath;
- laryngeal edema.
Professional medical assistance to the child should be provided in a very short time, as his life depends on it.
Treatment
When children are allergic to antibiotics, the pediatrician prescribes treatment with individually selected drugs. He sets the dosage, paints the regimen for taking medications. Therapy is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the disease and alleviating the general condition of the baby. Antihistamine group drugs are used in the form of drops, tablets, suspensions, syrups, injections:
- "Suprastin";
- "Diazolin";
- Zodak;
- Fenistil;
- Zyrtec;
- "Loratadine";
- "Dexamethasone".
Ointments, creams, gels are used to relieve external symptoms:
- "LaCree";
- SkinCap;
- "Fenistil-gel";
- Wundeheal;
- "Bepanten";
- Elidel.
In especially severe cases of allergy to antibiotics in children, hormonal agents are used for external use:
- Locoid;
- "Advantan";
- Elokom;
- "Prednisolone" and its derivatives.
Enterosorbents are prescribed to remove antibiotic metabolites and toxins from the body:
- Polysorb;
- "Enterosgel";
- Filtrumsti;
- Polifepan;
- activated carbon.
Allergy to antibiotics in children often leads to disruption of microfloraintestines. To restore it, appoint:
- Enterogermina;
- "Acidofiltrum";
- "Laktofiltrum" and other products with bifidus and lactobacilli.
To avoid allergies to antibiotics in children and its consequences, parents should remember a simple rule - you can not self-medicate, medicines for the child, the dosage and duration of treatment should be prescribed by a highly qualified specialist. If there is a history of allergies, the specialist will recommend a visit to the allergy center and prescribe treatment based on the characteristics of your child.
