In the body, everything should work smoothly and clearly. However, it happens that some organs fail. In this article I would like to talk about what are the causes and signs of metabolic disorders.
What is metabolism
At the very beginning, you need to understand the concepts that will be used in the article. So what is metabolism? First of all, it is necessary to clarify that another name for this process is metabolism. At its core, it is a set of various kinds of chemical reactions, the main purpose of which is to maintain the vital activity of the organism. Other metabolic goals and objectives:
- These processes are geared towards converting ingested food into valuable calories.
- The next goal flows smoothly from the previous one. Metabolism also "monitors" the consumption of converted calories.
- Metabolism synthesizes hormones and enzymes necessary for the body.
- Also, these processes are responsible for the removal of decay products.
Metabolism is the processes that needconsider not only the example of the activity of individual organs or systems, but also at the cellular level.
Main reason
If a person has a metabolic disorder, the reasons for this can be very different. So, first of all, doctors will trace the patient's heredity. After all, this is what most often leads to the presence of these problems in the patient. However, it should be said that the causes of metabolism have not yet been fully understood and research in this area of medical science is still being actively conducted.
Other reasons
If we talk about such a problem as metabolic disorders, the reasons for this may also be the following:
- Dysfunctions of various organs (pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, thyroid gland).
- Wrong lifestyle (inactivity, drinking alcohol, wrong diet - starvation or excessive food consumption).
- Metabolic disorders can provoke certain diseases, as well as stressful situations, physical inactivity, sleep disturbances.
About violations
What are the signs of metabolic disorders? It is worth saying that with such problems you need to contact an endocrinologist. For example, you can go to the Institute of Endocrinology, where you can get qualified advice and assistance. Only specialists will be able to determine what kind of violations occur in the patient. These can be carbohydrate, protein, fat, mineral and other disorders. What will it be aboutSpeech, if it is said about metabolic disorders? The harmonious interaction of the most important substances that are involved in metabolism is disrupted. What problems can arise in this case?
- Overabundance or lack of substances.
- Various digestive disorders.
- Accumulation of intermediate products of exchange.
- Unequal formation of end products of metabolism.
Protein metabolism disorder
Everyone knows that protein is the most important building material of the human body. Various diseases and pathologies can cause problems with impaired protein metabolism. What will the person feel in this case? The situation is automatically divided into two broad categories.
Too much protein
What is the most important symptom of a metabolic disorder if there is a problem with excess protein? A person will definitely feel a decrease in appetite. Other symptoms:
- Various bowel dysfunctions. It can be both diarrhea and constipation.
- Can develop kidney pathology, including kidney failure.
- With an excess of protein, the human nervous system is in constant tension. Nervous breakdowns are possible.
- S alts may be deposited in the patient's tissues.
- Major increase in plasma protein is also possible.
Protein related diseases: arthritis, osteoporosis, fatty liver, gout and obesity.
Protein deficiency
What will a person feel who does not have an excess, but a deficitsuch an important micronutrient as protein?
- Weakness, drowsiness.
- Muscle weakness, hypotension.
- Brittle nails, hair, skin deterioration.
- Weight loss (possible weight loss to the point of dystrophy).
- Also, with a protein deficiency, human performance will be reduced.
- Frequent infectious diseases, as well as immunodeficiency.
Protein metabolic disorder in children also has certain symptoms. With a protein deficiency, children may have:
- Physical Development Lag.
- Mental retardation (decrease in cognitive functions, intellectual abilities).
Diseases that occur with protein deficiency: kwashiorkor (main symptoms: swelling, weakness, weight loss) and alimentary dystrophy (also underweight and swelling, but also various kinds of immunodeficiency states).
Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
What are carbohydrates responsible for in the body? Their main task is the nutrition of brain cells and the implementation of energy functions. It is these elements that compensate for the loss of strength and energy in stressful situations or emotional stress. It is also worth mentioning that problems with carbohydrate disorders of substances accompany the patient most often for life.
Excess carbohydrates
The main symptom of metabolic disorders with problems with carbohydrates is fluctuations in body weight. With an excess of carbohydrates, it can increase significantly, with a deficiency, it can decrease. Other indicators:
- Trembling in the body that occurs involuntarily.
- Hyperactivity.
- Hypertension (most often occurs against the background of a significant increase in body weight).
- Increase in blood glucose levels.
- Cardiovascular pathologies (most often also occur against the background of obesity).
Diseases that can occur due to excess carbohydrates: obesity and diabetes.
Carbohydrate deficiency
The main symptoms that may occur due to a carbohydrate deficiency:
- Depression.
- Drowsiness, weakness.
- Loss of body weight.
- Tremor of legs and arms.
- Reduce blood glucose levels.
Diseases: hypoglycemia and Gierke's disease.
Fat metabolism disorders
Fats are an equally important element of the human body. It is thanks to fats that the body maintains internal homeostasis. Adipose tissue is found in hormones and nerve fibers.
An important symptom of a metabolic disorder with a fat problem is again changes in body weight. If we talk about excess fat in the body, a person is often diagnosed with obesity. Other symptoms:
- Atherosclerosis.
- Formation of stones in the gallbladder and liver.
- Blood problems: increased clotting, excess cholesterol in the blood.
If we talk about the lack of fat in the body, you can observe the following symptoms:
- Hypovitaminosis.
- Underweight.
- Dropouthair.
- Skin inflammation.
- Hormonal imbalance.
- Pathologies of the kidneys.
Violation of water exchange
What else is a symptom of a metabolic disorder? So, if it is the water metabolism that is disturbed, a person may have edema, dropsy, and a state of shock often occurs (if we are talking about an excess of water in the body). Loss of electrolytes, disorders of the central nervous system, kidney disease - if we talk about the lack of water in the body.
Violation of mineral metabolism
Minerals are biocatalysts of multiple physiological reactions, as well as stabilizers of the acid state of the body. Most often, various kinds of stressful situations, an unfavorable environment, a too fast pace of life (especially for residents of a metropolis), bad habits, nervousness and, of course, malnutrition lead to mineral metabolic disorders. If endocrine disorders are considered, the symptoms of mineral metabolism problems can be as follows:
- External indicators: brittle nails, acne, hair loss.
- Insomnia.
- Decreased immunity.
- Deterioration of vision.
- Stool disorders.
- Decreased libido.
Children
Separately, it is also necessary to consider metabolic disorders in children. It is worth saying that such problems can occur in babies even at a very early age. In this case, it is customary to talk about a disease that is called "exudative diathesis". Mainsymptoms:
- Red spots that appear on the baby's body. They may itch and get wet. Looks like a nettle burn. Pustules may also appear.
- Inflammation of the child's eyes, runny nose (there are problems with the mucous membranes).
To cope with metabolic problems in children of any age, it is enough just to establish proper nutrition. If we are talking about babies, a nursing mother should correct her diet.
About types of metabolism
Every person should know what kind of metabolism he has. So, there are three of them:
- Normal.
- Speed up (or fast metabolism).
- Economical metabolism.
With a normal metabolism, people should monitor their diet, because an overabundance of food can lead to various kinds of problems. If a person has a fast metabolism, then he can eat everything and a lot. And all this is permissible because in their body fats burn faster than they accumulate. Those who have an economical mode of metabolism, as they say, "get fat from water." Such people should carefully monitor their diet, not allowing themselves anything superfluous. However, how can you know what kind of metabolism a person has? There are two ways.
- Conduct a biochemical study of the body. Disadvantage: the high cost of the procedure.
- Do a little experiment.
About the experiment
In order to find out what kind of metabolism a person has, it is not necessaryvisit the Institute of Endocrinology. In this case, you can use the proven method. To do this, you need to get up in the morning (preferably on Sunday), do all the hygiene procedures. After going to the kitchen, you need to warm up and quickly eat 300 g of porridge. Next, you need to wait a couple of minutes.
- With an accelerated metabolism, perspiration will come out.
- If it gets warm, metabolism is normal.
- If a person does not feel or feel anything at all, he has an economical type of metabolism.
Prevention
Prevention of metabolic disorders is a great way to avoid metabolic problems. What will be relevant in this case:
- Proper balanced nutrition. It is necessary to give up starchy, fatty, sweet foods to the maximum. Don't overeat or starve. You also need to ensure that the body consumes all the vitamins and minerals in full.
- The body must rest properly (uninterrupted 7-hour sleep is important).
- You should try to avoid stressful situations and emotional overload.
- You need to completely get rid of all bad habits.
- It is also desirable to avoid adverse environmental factors.
In this case, the prevention of endocrine diseases will also be important. Particular attention should be paid to preventive measures for diabetes and hypoglycemia (carbohydrate imbalance).
Treatment
So, we found out what a metabolic disorder (symptoms) is. Treatment of thisproblems - that's what I also want to talk about. You can cope with metabolic disorders with the help of various kinds of medications.
- Stimulants containing caffeine and theine (most often taken by athletes).
- Hormonal drugs, as well as medicines that treat endocrine disorders.
- Drugs based on antidepressants.
- Various kinds of extracts. For example, guarana extract, which normalizes cellular metabolism and accelerates lipid metabolism.
Traditional medicine
Important: if a person has certain problems with metabolism, in this case it is best to seek help from a qualified specialist. Otherwise, you can seriously harm your he alth. However, if it is not possible to contact doctors, you can try to cope with problems with traditional medicine:
- To restore metabolism, you can make an infusion of walnut leaves. To prepare the medicine, you need to take two teaspoons of dried leaves, pour one glass of boiling water and leave everything for about an hour. The decoction should be taken 4 times a day for half a cup before meals.
- You can drink horsetail tea (sold in a pharmacy). For medicinal purposes - three times a day for a quarter cup. It will help not only adjust the metabolism, but also cleanse the body.
- And to speed up the metabolism, it is enough just to visit the sauna or bath regularly. Howeverfirst you need to make sure that there are no other contraindications to their visit.
