People whose blood pressure readings are normal 24 hours a day simply don't exist. Despite the fact that unstable pressure is most often a concern for older people, this problem is increasingly common in younger patients. If the pressure jumps slightly, which in no way affects the general well-being, there is nothing to worry about. But in those cases when a change in the indicators on the tonometer is accompanied by a deterioration in he alth, one cannot do without the help of specialists.
What is the danger of hypertension
The factor influencing these indicators is the force with which the heart muscle pumps blood in the vessels. If the heart works too intensively, an increase in blood pressure is inevitable. The peak of hypertension is individual for everyone, but with its onset, an unpleasant complication can occur - a rupture of the vascular wall. The most common and least dangerous example is the reddened sclera of the eyes due tobursting capillaries. But what happens if the wall of an artery that feeds the brain ruptures? The patient is at risk of acute cerebrovascular accident (hemorrhagic stroke) with unpredictable complications and possibly death.
Why low blood pressure should be treated
If everything is clear with arterial hypertension, then many doubt the real threat of hypotension. After all, weak blood pressure cannot lead to rupture of blood vessels, and this lulls the vigilance of many patients. And it is worth noting that it is completely in vain. Low jumping pressure is fraught with a number of troubles:
- poor-quality blood circulation in the internal organs and brain;
- there are congestive pressures in the veins and arteries;
- due to the slow rate of blood flow, the viscosity of the liquid tissue increases, which leads to the formation of blood clots.
If pressure drops are observed in a pregnant woman, then she needs to know that hypotension increases the risk of developing hypoxia in the fetus. Drops within 10 mm Hg. Art. are not considered pathological.
Ischemic stroke
Each of us should know how to act if a person's blood pressure jumps. What if his levels are so low that they led to an ischemic stroke?
The fact is that hypotension and frequent drops in blood pressure have a bad effect on the blood supply to certain areas of the brain. As soon as the moment of cessation arrivesblood supply, a person may lose consciousness, lose speech, the ability to control the processes of urination and bowel movements. The symptom complex in ischemic stroke will depend entirely on the affected area.
What provokes pressure surges
The reasons why there is a drop in blood pressure cannot be named exactly in any of the clinical cases. The mechanisms by which this phenomenon occurs are still unclear to scientists. At the same time, researchers and practicing doctors have no doubts about the factors due to which pressure jumps. Either low or high rates can be observed if at least one of the following conditions occurs:
- stress, short-term excitement and anxiety;
- abrupt changes in temperature, prolonged exposure to heat and cold;
- taking medications that have a hypertensive or hypotensive effect;
- kidney or adrenal disease;
- meteorological dependence, sensitivity to changes in atmospheric pressure;
- hormonal disorders.
Thus, every second person is at risk. It has also been proven that blood pressure jumps greatly due to the body's reaction to external stimuli: alcohol, coffee, spicy food, etc.
Characteristic signs of hypertension
If the pressure jumps, what to do with the subsequent drop, every patient should know. First of all, it is important to recognize the symptoms of high or low blood pressure.
Hypertension doctors call the "silent killer", and all because the increase in pressuremay not be accompanied by any symptoms at an early stage. As the disease progresses, it manifests itself with pain in the heart, dizziness, headaches, and nausea. People with weakened capillaries may experience nosebleeds. It is possible to accurately confirm whether the pressure jumps or not only with the help of a tonometer. This device is as essential as a thermometer and should be in every home.
How to understand that the pressure has dropped
Signs of hypotension are hard to confuse with any other condition. In most cases, low pressure is manifested by a breakdown, weakness, often accompanied by hand tremors, a feeling of suffocation. The constant symptoms of hypotension in many people are pain in the back of the head, sweating, dizziness, and fainting. In rare cases, nausea occurs.
First aid for hypertension
What should be done if suddenly there was a sudden jump in pressure? If hypertension is suspected, it is necessary to use a tonometer and record the readings. If the pressure is in the range exceeding 130/90 m Hg. Art., it is necessary to lie down comfortably or take a reclining position. It is important to keep your head up.
A patient with high blood pressure should forbid himself to worry. Many doctors advise their patients to use the self-hypnosis technique, saying to themselves: “I am calm, relaxed, everything will be fine now, etc.” To enhance the effect, you can massage the temples, without indentation and pressure.
Oftenpatients, having learned about how much their pressure jumps, begin to panic and be afraid, thereby aggravating the situation. With a pronounced psycho-emotional reaction, the tonometer readings may continue to rise.
If blood pressure has reached critical limits (exceeds 160 mmHg), it is urgent to take a drug from the antihypertensive group, ventilate the room and leave the patient alone. Taking medication to lower blood pressure should be agreed with your doctor. The most common drugs for hypertension are Capoten, Kaptopres, Tenoric, Clonidine.
How to raise blood pressure without drugs
With hypotension, the patient has a different goal - the pressure needs to be raised. With the onset of symptoms of this condition, bed rest should be observed or, if this is not possible, physical activity and any sudden movements should be avoided. If, with hypertension, the patient's head is raised, then with reduced pressure, the opposite should be done - a pillow should be placed under the legs.
The easiest way to feel better with hypotension is to drink a cup of moderately strong coffee or tea. People suffering from low blood pressure are advised to keep a coniferous extract at home, a few drops of which can be added to a bath of warm water.
Recommendations for hypertensive and hypotensive patients
Regardless of the reasons why the pressure jumps, it is important to stick tosimple rules. Hypertensive patients should not hesitate to take antihypertensive drugs. Hypotension with an uncomplicated decrease in pressure can do with a cup of coffee, but if the result is long in coming, you can use Zelenin drops or Eleutherococcus tincture. If this is not at hand, a glass of s alted water will help raise the pressure.
If hypotension is a secondary pathology that has developed against the background of the progression of life-threatening diseases, medical assistance and urgent medical intervention are required. Patients with hypertensive crisis need emergency measures. If the pressure jumped suddenly, for no apparent reason, lower it gradually. Under no circumstances should blood pressure drop more than 25% of baseline in two hours.
When wondering why the pressure jumps (sometimes high, sometimes lowered), it is advisable to first pay attention to your psycho-emotional background. Both hypotensive and hypertensive patients are advised to take sedatives or tranquilizers in stressful situations. Herbal tonic tinctures that have a neurostimulating effect will bring no less benefit. In addition to Eleutherococcus tincture, you can use extracts of Rhodiola rosea, Echinacea, Leuzea, Ginseng, Valerian.
For people suffering from fluctuations in blood pressure, a full he althy 8-hour sleep, an invigorating morning workout to improve blood circulation, is of particular importance.
Proper nutrition - normal pressure
To stabilize bloodpressure, it is necessary to exclude certain foods and drinks from the diet. First of all, you need to refuse:
- coffee;
- strong tea;
- fat and sweet;
- spicy and s alty foods (daily s alt intake is limited to 3 g per day);
- smoked, canned, pickled products;
- spices, spices.
It is especially important to prevent high cholesterol levels in the blood. Under no circumstances is alcohol allowed. Fat-free dairy products, boiled meat and lean fish, cereals, fresh vegetables and fruits - all this should form the basis of the diet of a person who has high blood pressure.
What if dietary restrictions aren't enough? To normalize blood pressure, according to patients with this problem, you can use an easy-to-prepare folk remedy, which consists of:
- one glass of honey;
- 2 tbsp. l. agave juice,
- a few minced garlic cloves;
- lemon juice from one fruit.
The resulting mass should be poured with two cups of boiling water and infused for an hour. The finished product is taken on an empty stomach, one teaspoonful, it should be stored in the refrigerator.
About the prevention of drops
If the jump in blood pressure is not an isolated case, the patient should consult a doctor and undergo an examination. Systematic failures with blood pressure canindicate the initial stage of arterial hypertension. To prevent the development of this disease, it is necessary to lead a he althy lifestyle:
- eat a balanced diet, building a menu according to age and taking into account physical activity;
- do sports but don't overwork;
- give up bad habits;
- get enough rest and sleep;
- cultivate stress tolerance.
It is literally impossible to prevent pressure surges. However, each patient has every chance to minimize the frequency and severity of their manifestations.
