Hypotension is primary and secondary. Primary, in fact, is not treated. But the secondary, that is, the one that is caused by other diseases, must be treated on time. The term "hypotension" is more or less clear to most people. But what is orthostatic hypotension? Symptoms and treatment of this problem - what are they?
How does hypotension manifest?
Many people suffering from hypotension - low blood pressure, often experience a state of dizziness during a sharp rise. But if the condition borders on loss of consciousness and a strong heartbeat appears, then it's time to think about he alth.
Dizziness occurs for a simple reason - the blood rushes to the lower limbs, and drains from the head. The brain simply does not receive oxygen for a short period of time, and it turns off, like a computer without power. In he althy people, vascular tone allows you to quickly pump blood, and the body has time to adapt to a change in the body in space.
But with some problems with blood vessels, with the activity of the heart or for other reasons (there may be many), recurring orthostatic collapse - a sharp drop in pressure - is a clear problem in life. Still, we have a fast pace of life and, in fact, there is no time to lose consciousness.
If such episodes happen often and the head becomes more and more heavy at such moments, it is dangerous, as it can lead to a stroke if the vessels of the head fail.
Orthostatic hypotension. Symptoms
Many do not know that this problem is dangerous. In a minute of falling, you can hit your head and get fractures. Also, the ever worsening coordination of pressure in the vessels often leads to a deterioration in the work of the heart. After all, when the pressure in the vessels drops, the load on our main motor increases - the heart must increase the release of blood.
Symptoms of orthostatic arterial hypotension in humans are:
- sudden weakness;
- blackout eyes and dizziness;
- auditory sensations decrease;
- some report excessive sweating;
- sometimes convulsions;
- heartbeat.
Different 3 severity of symptoms:
- Infrequent dizziness and general fainting. Mild degree.
- At a moderate degree, a person already sometimes loses consciousness, usually with a sharp change in body position.
- Severe degree. Orthostatic collapse occursconstantly - from standing for a long time or from squatting, clouding in the head already begins.
The fact is that orthostatic hypotension in itself is not a disease. This is a syndrome, and all its manifestations are indirect symptoms of other, more serious diseases. It is necessary to undergo examinations in time and find the problem, especially if it is heart failure that gives such symptoms.
Causes of the syndrome
It will take many tests and some procedures to determine the exact cause and know how to deal with orthostatic hypotension. Treatment should follow immediately after the diagnosis is established, as it cannot be delayed.
What causes orthostatic collapse?
- Prolonged immobility, especially lying down.
- Adrenal insufficiency.
- Hypovolemia is a reduced content of the total amount of liquid blood in the vessels. This happens sometimes when you have a high fever or because of severe blood loss.
- CNS dysfunction. Various neuropathies affect blood pressure.
- Taking certain groups of medications.
- Decrease in myocardial contractility.
- Poor vascular condition.
- Severe dehydration after vomiting or diarrhea.
- Anemia.
And age-related physiological changes also affect blood pressure. Separately, it is necessary to say about the role of the CNS. A person who often experiences such a syndrome should come to a consultation with a neurologist and check for any pathologies.neural network.
Hypotension syndrome or syncope? How to tell?
Faints are completely unpredictable. A person cannot know where and for what reason he will lose consciousness. In addition, fainting occurs infrequently. In most cases, these are isolated manifestations of weakness, especially in the heat.
But when hypotension is detected, a person feels that it becomes bad precisely with sudden changes in body position in space.
How to eat with low blood pressure?
Since low blood pressure increases the risk of passing out, a person with this pressure must follow a special diet. Some foods increase blood pressure. They are contraindicated in hypertensive patients, but just useful for hypotensive patients.
You need to eat in portions - a little of everything and 5 or 6 times a day. So you will not starve, but your body will cope well with the digestion of food. You can eat both sweets and fatty foods, but only before dinner. And after dinner it is better to switch to fish dishes, salads, buckwheat. It is very good to eat nuts every day, which give energy, but do not gain weight. Especially in such cases, almonds are useful.
ICD-10 code
How do doctors feel about orthostatic hypotension? Orthostatic collapse is recognized by the serious medical community. Orthostatic hypotension according to ICD-10 has the code I95.1.
According to the medical codebook, the syndrome is diagnosed when the systolic pressure, when measured again, is lower than 100 mmHg. Art.; and diastolic, lower, - below 60mmHg Art. So, we see that orthostatic hypotension is usually associated with heart failure and poor vascular conduction.
Hypotension as a neurological symptom
There are primary and secondary neurological syndromes and diseases that also signal orthostatic hypotension.
Primary neuropathies include Shy-Dreijer syndrome, Riley-Day syndrome, and others. Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome affects the sympathetic division of the central nervous system and can also lead to pressure drops. All these diseases are purely genetic in nature. And secondary problems in the field of neurology include those that have developed as a result of long-term diabetes mellitus, anemia, porphyria, amyloidosis. It also develops with alcoholism.
Hypotension and diabetic crisis
Diabetic hypoglycemia can also cause syncope, but it should not be considered hypotension. Hypoglycemia will result in:
- trembling;
- sweating;
- dizziness;
- nervousness or marked anxiety;
- speech disorder;
- weakness.
Hypoglycemia is a very serious condition. Before diagnosing it, you need to pass a lot of other tests. But what immediately distinguishes orthostatic collapse is the mental state of the patient. After all, there is usually no panic in a collapse. The person is quite mentally adequate and does not complain of anxiety or other mental disturbances.
Doctor's examinations
To clarify the general condition of the patient who applied with the abovesymptoms to the doctor, perform the following procedures:
- An electrocardiogram is done, the doctor must see the condition of the heart. Also, patients do an echocardiogram.
- Biochemical blood test. If a person has low hemoglobin, then, of course, weakness and dizziness will constantly accompany him.
- Vagus tests are done in order to calculate possible disorders in the nervous system.
- Be sure to check the he alth of the thyroid gland. Since insufficient production of hormones also provokes similar symptoms.
- For diagnostic purposes, blood pressure is measured while lying down and for 2-3 minutes after getting up.
Some are scheduled for a Holter exam. This is a round-the-clock monitoring of your heart, which is carried out for a complete picture of the he alth of the heart system.
If all indicators are normal and there are no problems with either the nervous system, or with the thyroid gland, or with neurology, the client can be sent to a psychologist with suspected neurosis.
Equally important for diagnosis is the patient's nutrition. Often women do not eat well, because they have no time, or they are on a special diet, and then the body simply lacks nutrients and weakness sets in.
Importance of history
The doctor always collects a preliminary anamnesis, that is, collects information by interviewing the patient. With orthostatic hypotension, it is necessary to collect not only a personal but also a family history. If someone fromrelatives had problems with the heart or with the central nervous system, there is a risk that hypotension is then hereditary.
Family history shortens the search for problems. It becomes clearer to the doctor where to look for the problem.
Treatment
So, orthostatic hypotension was revealed. The reasons for it are also considered in detail at the doctor's appointment. After all, it is necessary to choose the appropriate treatment. This is why we come to the doctor.
How to treat? Orthostatic hypotension is not a common problem like the common cold. Based on the severity of the symptoms of the syndrome and the collected history, the doctor makes a conclusion about what treatment to resort to: medication or non-medication, or surgical intervention is necessary to eliminate heart defects.
Those who suffer from anemia should take iron supplements, and those with blood flow problems are prescribed blood-thinning drugs, especially if the person is over 55 years old. Adremenometics, beta-blockers, or steroids may be prescribed.
If it's about the veins, you need to take venotonics and wear compression stockings. Varicose veins are one of the most common problems leading to collapses. And this disease must be kept under control at all times.
After the collapse of a person, you need to put on the sofa and provide an influx of fresh cool air.
When an ambulance arrives after fainting, the victim is injected with a 10% solution of caffeine or "Cordiamin" - 1 or 2 ml.
Prevention
The very first rule is to force yourself to move. If the whole day is a day off, you need to go for a 2-3 hour walk. You can not lie on the couch for a long time and then get up abruptly. If you have a problem such as dizziness, you need to get up slowly so as not to provoke a sharp drop in pressure. Strong physical activity is also contraindicated. We need a golden mean. People with hypotension will not do weightlifting or sprints, but yoga works well. Preferably 2 times a year, preventive massage is needed. Olive, coconut or almond oil is suitable for massage.
If a person suffering from orthostatic attacks of varicose veins, standing for a long time is contraindicated. You need to do light exercises in the morning, and in the evening raise your legs to the stand so that they are above head level.
