Dislocation is an injury in which the bones are displaced to a different position. If we consider the prevalence of this disease, then out of 100% of cases it occurs in 2%.
In this case, there are several varieties of dislocation of the leg in the area of the foot. At the moment, medicine does not distinguish a risk group of people by age, gender, or by profession. Men and women of different speci alties have the same chance of getting a similar injury.
Structure of bone
Due to the fact that the foot contains a large number of bones, there are several varieties of such an injury. In total, there are 26 solid organs in the described part of the leg. Therefore, there is a high probability of injuring them. Consider the bones that make up this part of the body.
Fingers consist of phalanges. Most often, dislocations occur with them. There are also metatarsal bones and tarsal bone. The latter is considered the largest in the stop.
In addition to bones, a person also has muscles, ligaments, nerves, blood vessels and tendons. That is why if a patient is diagnosed with a dislocation of the leg (foot), then a comprehensive examination should be carried out. After all, it can provoke other additional violations.
Reasons
Most often, dislocation occurs due to mechanical stress that affects the bones. For example, if a person twisted his leg inward, then such a violation may appear.
It should be emphasized that people who are overweight, have a special love for high shoes, as well as disorders of the ligamentous apparatus or the musculoskeletal system, most often get dislocations of the foot. It should also be noted that wrestlers and people involved in extreme sports often suffer from problems with this part of the body.
Types of dislocations
Dislocations are divided into three types. There are congenital, pathological and traumatic. If we talk about the first type, then they occur in the fetus, which is in the womb or sometimes at birth. Pathological ones arise due to primary diseases, which include tuberculosis and so on.
Traumatic are divided into subspecies. One of them was called "usual". Often, it is precisely this dislocation of the foot that occurs in a person in everyday situations, for example, when taking a shower or while cooking. Most often, this degree of violation is considered mild. Therefore, it is quite possible to set the bone on its own.
If you classify dislocations according to the location of the problem, then you should make the following list. Injuries happen:
- Talus.
- Phalanx.
- Ankle joint. Most often, this happens when the foot is twisted. Sometimes it can provoke a blow.
- Trammed. He is quite rarephenomenon and mainly occurs with fractures. It is difficult to treat it, because it affects the nutrition of tissues, slowing down the process of their regeneration.
- In Chopard's joint. This dislocation also occurs with a fracture of the tarsal bones. To meet him in practice is unrealistic. Among the reasons should be noted the impact of heavy objects.
- In the Lisfranc joint. This dislocation is also quite rare, does not occur on its own, as it always accompanies fractures.
If we talk about the classification of dislocations of the foot by displacement of the bones, then there are both complete and incomplete. There are also open ones, in which wounds form, and closed ones. The first type is quite dangerous in that infection can occur. In this case, the treatment will be long.
Manifestations
Depending on the type of dislocation of the foot, the symptoms will be different. Each type corresponds to the characteristic manifestations to which attention should be paid after a limb injury.
- If a person has a dislocation of the ankle, then he has very severe pain, the foot is deformed, and there will also be a problem with movement. The same manifestations are characteristic of subtalar dislocation.
- The tarsal section in case of injury notifies of damage due to severe immobility of the foot, as well as sharp pain. A dislocation in this bone causes the leg to visibly swell. It can often take on a blue tint.
- If there is a dislocation of the phalanx, then the bone begins to swell, it hurts a lot, the footdeformed, and, accordingly, it is very difficult to walk.
Dislocation and sprain
What to do with a dislocation of the leg in the foot area? First of all, it is necessary to understand whether stretching is taking place. It is a disorder in which there is a rupture of the ligaments. They can be damaged either minimally, while the person will have mild soreness and slight swelling of the leg, or completely. In this case, a hematoma, severe edema, and so on will appear. That is why a dislocation is quite different from a sprain. In the first case, the bone tissue remains in a normal state. However, it should be noted that with a dislocation, you can easily pull the muscle. That is why it is necessary to select treatment methods as accurately as possible.
In principle, the symptoms of such disorders are the same. The only thing is that with a dislocation, a deformity of the foot appears, which is very noticeable, and tissue damage, if the wound is open. There are no such manifestations during stretching.
First aid for dislocation
So, what to do with a dislocation of the foot? It is very important to provide assistance correctly in order to prevent the development of complications.
- First you need to fix the leg so that it does not move. It is not worth it to correct a dislocation on your own. It is because of this that patients often develop tendon ruptures or large fractures.
- Be sure to take painkillers.
- It is advisable to apply something cold to the damaged area. It can be ice, or if the person is onstreet, snow. Due to the effect of cold, the pain sensation will decrease, and the resulting swelling will be minimal.
- Finally, you need to call an ambulance or ask someone to take you to the emergency room.
Treatment of closed dislocation
It should be noted that the treatment of dislocation of the foot begins only after the x-ray has already been obtained. It is thanks to him that you can understand the severity of the pathology. Future treatment depends on it.
If we are talking about a closed dislocation, then the bone is set under anesthesia, and then a special plaster splint is applied. Thanks to it, re-displacement of hard tissues is unlikely. It prevents movement in the joint. Also, the doctor should prescribe analgesics or ointments that will help relieve pain and swelling.
Treatment of open dislocation
If we are talking about the treatment of an open dislocation, then an operation is performed under anesthesia. First, the surface is disinfected, the bone is set. If there is a fracture, then reposition is performed and the ligaments are sutured. Then a plaster splint is applied.
As in the first case, analgesics are prescribed. The doctor may also prescribe antibiotics and antiseptics. The first means are necessary in order to protect the victim from the development of the infection, if it has already entered the body. The latter are necessary for the treatment of the wound.
Home Therapy
To be treated at home, all doctors recommend only after a preliminary examination and consultation. Required fora dislocated foot needs to be x-rayed. At least in order to understand what exactly to treat.
- It is advised to use a grated potato compress. Thanks to him, you can remove puffiness, as well as improve the process of tissue repair.
- Baths with the addition of sea s alt will also help cure the dislocation. Feet should be kept in this liquid for 15 minutes several times a day. If there are bruises, a fracture or an open wound, then this method is prohibited.
- You can draw an iodine mesh. Thanks to her, hematomas will disappear in a short time, and the swelling will also go away.
- Blue or white clay is able to relieve swelling, as well as save a person from inflammation. Thanks to them, tissues will recover much faster.
- Onion tincture with honey will help heal the skin and bring muscles back to normal.
- Lavender oil can act as an analgesic. It is necessary to smear them with areas that are damaged. Among the additional effects of this oil is the fact that this oil restores sleep.
Results
If a patient is diagnosed with a dislocation, then it is necessary to properly treat it. It is well-chosen therapy that allows you to eliminate such an injury in the shortest possible time.
If we are talking about a mild degree, then the symptoms and manifestations will go away in one to two weeks. With moderate severity, the recovery process can take about a month. Severe degree is treated for more than 60 days. If therapy is ignored, chronic dislocation, arthritis, damage may occur.nerve fibers, infection of the wound if the injury is open, as well as thromboembolism. That is why it is necessary to be as careful as possible and prevent such damage.
