Dislocation syndrome - these are various displacements that disrupt the functioning of brain activity. These shifts can be of different nature.
The causes of the disease. Degrees of the syndrome
Dislocation syndrome occurs with increased pressure. This change occurs due to certain diseases. For example, pathology can be caused by: various tumors, abscesses, hematomas and swelling of the brain. There may also be hernias. They are innate. Dislocation syndrome has 3 degrees:
- Protrusion.
- Injection.
- Infringement.
The brain is the control center of the human body. The process is carried out by neurons. Some are responsible for the work of certain organs. Clusters of neurons are called neuronal centers. They are made up of nerve cells. When tissues shift in the brain, certain centers or paths through which the signals of the work of one or another body system are transmitted can be pinched. For example, if there was a compression of the center of neurons, which is responsible for the work of the respiratory organs, then it will stop.
Symptoms
Dislocation syndrome has a very severe form. Treatment may requirecarrying out the operation. With the onset of a dislocation syndrome, a person loses consciousness and falls into a coma. As a rule, it occurs as a result of a stroke or severe head injury. Also, an infection of the human nervous system and swelling of the brain can cause a person to become unconscious.
The above reasons for dislocation occur suddenly. Therefore, the human body falls into a coma. But also the reasons for the dislocation of the brain may be other factors in which the displacement occurs gradually and the person remains conscious. For example, a tumor may begin to form in the brain, which will increase over time. Or a cyst may develop. These diseases, despite their gradual growth, can cause dislocation of the brain.
How to identify the disease?
The presence of this disorder in the human body can be determined by the following signs. These include:
- Severe headaches.
- Nausea, vomiting.
- Deterioration of vision. The fall may come in periods.
- Convulsions.
- Semi-conscious or completely unconscious.
All symptoms associated with dislocation are called dislocation syndrome. Similar signs are also manifested in humans with brain tumors. A doctor can make an accurate diagnosis.
Diagnosis
To diagnose human neurological syndromes will help:
- Echoencephalography. This examination shows how much the median structures of the brain have shifted. The displacement can occur both in one direction and in the other.
- Tomography. With the help of tomography, you can see the internal structure of the brain.
- Angiography. This type of examination allows you to find out about the condition of the blood vessels.
- Radial diagnostics. It allows you to get an internal picture of the human brain.
- Magnetic resonance imaging.
- Ultrasound of the head also allows you to identify various malfunctions in the brain.
Treatment of dislocation
As a rule, the treatment of this disease is to remove the compression from the brain and eliminate the dislocation. This therapy is carried out in intensive care or neurosurgery. The task of doctors is to relieve cerebral edema. This is done through the appointment of diuretics. In addition, drugs are prescribed that support the vital activity of the body. Surgery is also often required. It is performed by neurosurgeons who surgically remove the source of dislocation. For example, a tumor or a cyst. There are cases when surgery is not possible due to the condition of the person.
Contact a specialized center for treatment
It should be said that in our country there is an institute of neurosurgery that deals with the diagnosis of this type of disease. This center is visited by people from all regions of the country. InstituteNeurosurgery is one of the largest centers in the world for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of people suffering from diseases of the nervous system. Here is modern medical technology. Through it, you can undergo examinations such as tomography, ultrasound of the head and many others.
Syndrome stages
There are several stages of dislocation syndrome. They are classified according to the Posner-Plum scheme:
- Early stage of dislocation syndrome. The person is conscious, but has signs of a dislocation syndrome. These signs include inhibition of reaction to external factors. Any action is slow. At times, psychomotor agitation sets in. The patient has narrow pupils, but they react to flashes. Muscles are in normal tone. However, sometimes there is an increased tone. But the reaction to stimuli is observed true. The muscles of the neck also have an increased tone. This leads to the development of stiff neck muscles. This leads to difficulty in moving the head in different directions if it is thrown back.
- The late stage of the dislocation syndrome. A person has a depressed consciousness, constricted pupils react to light. Increased muscle tone. It should be said that the early and late stages are treatable. To do this, you need to get rid of the cause of the dislocation of the brain. In this regard, it is important to identify the cause of the disease in these two stages. The earlier the diagnosis is made, the more likely it is thatthat a person will return to a he althy state of the body. The state of the brain worsens if a person is intoxicated. Since in this condition a person has inadequate reactions, it is therefore impossible to correctly determine his symptoms.
- Midbrain stage. The patient's pupils are dilated. Their size is from 3 to 5 millimeters, they do not react to light. Sometimes pupillary pulsation is possible. This state is called tectal. Muscle tone has decorative rigidity at rest. Muscles become decerebrately stiff when stimulated.
- Stage of dislocation syndrome of the lower parts of the bridge and the upper parts of the medulla oblongata. It is characterized by oppressed consciousness, sometimes coma, pupils, maximally constricted, not reacting to light. The muscles are in a state of decerebration.
- Stage of the medulla oblongata. The state of atonic coma, transcendent medriaz and lack of photoreaction. In this state, a person has atony, areflexia and agonal breathing. If a person is in a coma, then the placement of a nasogastric tube will provide nutrition to his body.
Main species
Determine two main types of brain dislocation - lateral and axial. There are several important forms of the disease:
- Dislocation of the cerebellum, or temporotentorial displacement. This problem occurs due to swelling of the posterior cranial fossa and swelling of the brain. With this type of dislocation, severe pain in the head, nausea, and vomiting are observed. Respiratory and cardiac arrest may also occur.
- Dislocation of the temporal lobes into the opening of the cerebellar tenon, for example, under the greater falciform process. A person has a sharp increase in intracranial pressure, which is accompanied by headache, nausea and the patient's lying position.
- Displacement of the cerebellum. The patient in this condition has the same symptoms as with the dislocation of the temporal lobes. Displacement of the medial parts of the parietal and frontal lobes.
Determine the shape of the dislocation
The forms of dislocation are diagnosed by the totality of the patient's symptoms. A computerized examination is also carried out, which helps to make an accurate diagnosis. Brain dislocation is a pathological condition.
The clinical condition of a person depends on what circulatory disorders are present due to lesions of the wedged area and symptoms of impaired CSF circulation. Brain dislocations require careful examination. Sometimes they can be confused with other diseases. For example, the signs of intracranial hypertension are very similar to the symptoms of dislocation.
Conclusion
In our article, the symptoms of brain diseases are considered quite extensively. Especially a lot of information about neurological syndromes. As you can see, this is a rather serious ailment. We hope that the information in the article was useful to you.
