Today there are various methods of contraception. The main task of any of them is to protect against unwanted pregnancy. Barrier means, in addition, prevent the penetration of pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases into the body. How effective are current methods?
Contraceptives for women. Vaginal diaphragm
This tool is made in the form of a domed rubber cap. It is selected depending on the size: from 50 to 150 millimeters. For nulliparous women, as a rule, a diaphragm of 60-65 mm is suitable, for those who have already given birth, the optimal size is 70-75 mm. After weight loss or childbirth, the size of the contraceptive is selected again. Its advantage is ease of use, the ability to use several times, safety and providing reliable protection against sexually transmitted diseases. However, there are also contraindications. In particular, the use of the drug is not recommended for abnormal development of the genitals, cervical erosion, endocervicitis, colpitis.
Hormonal drugs
Speciescontraceptives that provide protection, there is a sufficient number. The action of hormonal agents is based on the use of synthetic analogues of natural ovarian hormones. This method is considered one of the most effective means today. Oral contraceptive methods have a number of advantages. In particular, their use does not depend on sexual intercourse, their action is reversible (do not affect the ability to become pregnant in the future). Along with this, hormonal drugs have an impressive list of contraindications. Among them, in particular, disorders in the activity of the cardiovascular system, overweight, diabetes, smoking, age (after forty years of age, the use is not recommended).
Spermicides
There are a lot of contraceptives in the form of ointments, foams, creams today. These spermicidal preparations include potent surfactants that can destroy the cell membranes of spermatozoa. These, in particular, include Pharmatex, Contracentol, Delfin and others. Boric, lactic, acetic acids have a similar effect. As a rule, douching after sexual contact is carried out with these substances.
The latest tools
Contraceptive methods that are "recent developments" are not so numerous. These include, in particular, injections and implants. Among such funds, in particular, should be called Depo-Progesterone, Norplant, Depo-Provera.
Irreversible ways
Contraceptive methods such as sterilization surgery are considered by manythe most reliable. However, experts note that there are exceptions when using this method.
Other methods. Contraceptives for men
Condoms as a way of protection are widespread enough. This method is used in almost 20-30% of cases of sexual contact. However, experts note that the clinical effectiveness of condoms is relatively low. At the same time, this method provides the best protection against the penetration of pathogens of sexual infections. It should be said that until recently, these contraceptives were produced only for men. Today there are also condoms for women. A form of protection such as sterilization can also be applied to men.
