Today, laparoscopic surgery has become widespread in medical practice. Previously, the method of complete tissue dissection was used. Laparoscopy avoids a long rehabilitation period, and the suture remains significantly smaller.
Definition
Laparoscopic intervention is a surgical method, which consists in performing an operation through small punctures. Their number does not exceed 5-6 pieces, and the dimensions are minimal (5-10 mm). To monitor the movements of medical instruments, mini-cameras are used, which are inserted into the body. To create space, a portion of carbon dioxide is introduced into the operated area. It expands the walls and allows free movement of the tools.
Today, the latest generation cameras are used in medicine. They allow you to enlarge the image tenfold. The image is output to the computer in HD format.
Such operations are performed on different organs, but the most commonkidney laparoscopy.
Operations in the 90s
The kidneys perform many functions in the body, the main ones are cleansing the body of harmful substances and excess water. This is a paired organ that has an oval shape. The kidneys are located below the ribs, closer to the spine.
It is precisely because of this arrangement that for a long time operations were performed with an incision in the lumbar region. There are many muscle interlacings in this zone. Their incision increased the complexity of the operation and the duration of the recovery period. Kidney laparoscopy was first performed only in the 90s.
Pros of laparoscopy
Before the appearance of this method, a complete opening of the cavity was carried out. The incisions could reach 20 cm. The operation was accompanied by a long rehabilitation period, large blood losses, and a stain remained on the body for life as a memory. Thus, the following advantages of laparoscopic operations can be distinguished:
1. Laparoscopy of the kidneys is accompanied by less pain, and the use of potent painkillers is not required. Doses of analgesics are minimal, and the pain syndrome passes faster.
2. The rehabilitation period takes a short time. As a rule, 7-10 days are enough. Compared to open surgery, the time is minimal. With abdominal intervention, rehabilitation took from several weeks to a month.
3. Laparoscopic intervention leaves minimal traces behind. These are small puncture points. Very often theyheal at all. Sometimes even a professional can't find them.
4. The likelihood of adhesion formation is minimal. Very often, the appearance of adhesions causes pain and intestinal obstruction.
5. The risk of ventral hernias is reduced to a minimum.
6. The operation rarely has consequences such as infection.
Disadvantages of the method
Despite the abundance of advantages, such an operation as a laparoscopy of the kidneys has its disadvantages in comparison with open surgery:
1. The high cost of the operation. Due to the use of expensive equipment, the cost of the operation may seem high. However, do not forget about the long recovery period after open surgery, which requires the use of painkillers and often wearing a corset.
2. High professionalism of the surgeon and medical staff. The operation of a laparoscopy of the kidney implies that the hospital staff has all the necessary skills to perform such manipulations.
Laparoscopy of a cyst in the kidney
Kidney cysts are not uncommon. A cyst is a growth on a specific organ, having a round shape, filled with fluid. When such a disease appears, it is asymptomatic for a long time. The first symptoms are manifested by pain and lead to complete atrophy of the organ. Treatment of such a problem is possible only by surgery.
Indications for surgery to remove a cyst in the kidney
When a number of symptoms appearsurgery is recommended to remove the neoplasm:
1. Sharp or aching pain in the kidney area.
2. Large tumor size (up to 10 cm).
3. Problems with urination. The cyst can compress the urethra and impede the natural process.
4. The beginning of the inflammatory process.
5. Bursting cyst.
6. Detection of blood clots during urination.
7. Detection of cancer cells in a neoplasm.
Contraindications for surgery
There are a number of contraindications for laparoscopy of the kidney:
1. Diabetes mellitus.
2. Heart disease.
3. The disease has not yet manifested itself.
4. Allergic reaction.
5. Inflammatory process in the body.
Preparatory period
Before surgery, you need to follow some recommendations:
1. Don't overcool. Any weakening of immunity is undesirable.
2. Avoid taking blood thinners.
3. Pass the necessary tests: blood, urine, the presence of infections. Get an ultrasound and an ECG.
4. A few days before the appointed date, you need to adhere to a certain diet. Eliminate fatty and fried foods, pastries, vegetables and fruits from the diet.
5. On the eve of the operation, a bowel cleansing procedure is performed. Food and water are excluded 8 hours before surgery.
6. Need to remove hair from the pubic area andabdominal zones. You can just cut them short.
7. In the presence of vein diseases, it is better to purchase compression stockings that are worn during the operation. Sometimes it is possible to continue wearing it according to the doctor's indications.
Types of transactions
There are several ways to carry out the procedure for removing a neoplasm in the kidney when a laparoscopy operation is performed. Removal of the kidney is performed exclusively with open surgery. In this case, the entire organ is removed. This method is rarely used today.
During laparoscopic surgery, either the walls of the cyst are glued together, or it is sutured to the wound.
Views:
1. Insertion of an endoscope into the urethra.
2. Making a puncture in the back or abdominal area.
The first version of the operation is performed under general anesthesia. The procedure involves the connection of the tissues of the cyst with the tissues of neighboring organs. The cyst should grow together and leave no traces behind. There are no scars left after the operation. This method has not gained popularity due to the possible occurrence of negative consequences.
The second type of surgery is used quite often, because it is the most gentle. The contents of the cyst are removed. The operation is performed under local anesthesia.
After the operation, a second ultrasound is done to evaluate the results of the surgical intervention. Laparoscopy of a kidney cyst, as a rule, has favorable consequences. Initially ina small amount of fluid remains in the neoplasm. Gradually, it dissolves on its own. Otherwise, it may be refilled, which will cause another operation.
Removal of a kidney cyst (laparoscopy): postoperative period
The recovery period is determined by the type of operation, but generally does not take more than one month. The first days the patient is not allowed to get up. On the 2-3rd day, they are usually allowed to get up and walk slowly. When carrying out laparoscopy, you can go home on the third day. With an open operation - in a week.
Laparoscopy of the kidney, the postoperative recovery period of which does not take much time, is quite common. Despite this, the patient cannot avoid the use of painkillers.
Diet after surgery
After surgery (laparoscopy of a cyst on the kidney), the diet must be observed. You need to follow these rules:
1. S alted foods, fried, fatty, spicy, coffee and chocolate are excluded from the diet.
2. Protein intake should be sufficient and not excessive. Such restrictions are associated with reducing the load on the body and getting rid of toxic products.
3. You will have to control the amount of fluid you drink per day. Similar recommendations are relevant for patients with a tendency to edema and problems with cardiac activity.
4. The consumption of s alty foods can be reduced tominimum or eliminated altogether. This is true for those who have a cyst that can cause kidney dysfunction.
Conclusions
Thus, medicine does not stand still. Laparoscopic surgeries are her undoubted achievement.
