Kidneys are two organs of the human body, each of which consists of a parenchyma (organ tissue) and a strong capsule. They also include a system that accumulates and evacuates urine from the body. The capsule of the kidney is a dense sheath, consisting of connective tissue, which covers the outside of the organ. Parenchyma - the outer cortical layer and the medulla inside the organ. The system in the kidneys that stores urine consists of calyces. They fall into the pit. The latter, in turn, passes directly into the ureter.
Position of kidneys
Where does a person have kidneys? This question interests everyone who feels pain in the approximate area of \u200b\u200btheir location. The kidneys are located in each person in the abdominal cavity, between the third and eleventh vertebrae of the lumbar region. One is on the left side, the other is on the right. In the body of a woman, the kidneys are located slightly lower than in men. The left bean-shaped organ is higher than the right, as it is slightly displaced by the liver. This option for the location of the kidneys is a generalized one. Actually it is individual. Therefore, when answering the question of where a person has kidneys, it should be borne in mind that they can be located higher,and below, and to the left, and to the right of the generally accepted norm. However, not all such cases relate to deviations or signs of illness. Some people only have one kidney in their bodies.
Kidney parameters
Kidneys are organs, each of which has a length of 10 to 12, a thickness of about 4, a width of about 5-6 centimeters. The weight of each organ is from 120 to 200 grams. The kidneys have a dense structure. They visually resemble beans and are colored brown or dark brown. The right kidney is slightly shorter than the left. As mentioned above, it is slightly lower than its pair. This arrangement makes the right kidney more vulnerable. It is more susceptible to various diseases. The size of the kidneys can be increased. The reason is the inflammatory processes in them.
Symptom of uncertain nature
When the kidneys hurt, the symptoms of what ailments can manifest themselves in this way? Anyone who has ever visited this state wants to know the answer to this question and another one - how to deal with it? In this case, you should find out if the pain is a sign of kidney pathology. Indeed, often pain in the lumbar region of the back indicates other pathologies. It is possible to take for deviations in the work of the kidneys a violation of the performance of the following systems: the reproductive, nervous, musculoskeletal system, and other organs located in the abdominal cavity. Therefore, if you experience any pain in the lumbar region, you should not self-medicate. The kidneys are organs that, if improperly treated, canlead to unpredictable consequences. Some of their pathologies require urgent diagnosis and the assistance of qualified doctors.
Symptoms of kidney disease
When the kidneys hurt, the symptoms of diseases of these organs can also be manifested by the following signs:
1. There is an ache in the lower back.
2. Blood appears in cloudy urine.
3. Body temperature rises.
4. Blood pressure rises.
5. There is weakness, thirst, loss of appetite, dry mouth.
6. Puffiness appears on the face, especially under the eyes, and also on the legs.
7. Fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity.
If one or more of these symptoms are found in conjunction with pain in the lumbar back, you should immediately contact a urologist.
Kidney disease
Kidneys are organs that have many pathologies. The most common of these are hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, nephroptosis, urolithiasis. Kidney failure is also quite common.
Pyelonephritis
This pathology is the most common inflammatory kidney disease. These organs are extremely sensitive to the effects of pathological microorganisms that can enter them through the bloodstream. Also, pathogenic bacteria often enter the kidneys from the focus of inflammation that has arisen in the uterus, its appendages, in the lungs or intestines, in the urethra, bladder or prostate gland (inmen). As a result, a purulent process begins to develop in them.
If the disease progresses slowly and has a wave-like character (periodically worsens due to hypothermia, overwork or reduced immunity), then we are talking about chronic pyelonephritis.
Urolithiasis
Urolithiasis, or urolithiasis, is a disease caused by the occurrence of stones in the kidneys. Just like pyelonephritis, this disease is considered one of the most common diseases in urology.
It can develop due to hot climates, eating habits (for example, monotonous, sour or spicy food), drinking hard water with excessive s alts. Also, the causes of urolithiasis include diseases of the stomach and intestines, bones, organs of the genitourinary system.
Nephroptosis
Most likely, you have heard of such phenomena as the wandering of the kidney or its mobility or omission. In medicine, these types of pathologies are called "nephroptosis". In case of omission of the kidney, it can acquire the ability to rotate around its own axis. This phenomenon causes bending and stretching of blood vessels. As a result, the circulation of lymph and blood is disturbed in them. Women are more susceptible to nephroptosis.
An ailment develops due to sudden weight loss, injuries, hard work of a physical nature, which requires being in an upright position, constant driving.
Renalfailure
This condition is characterized by partial or complete cessation of kidney function. At the same time, the balance of electrolytes and water is disturbed in the body, urea, creatinine and other acids accumulate in the blood. Due to the impact on the bean-shaped organ of drugs, toxic substances, in case of complications when trying to terminate the pregnancy and some other factors, the development of acute renal failure is not excluded. This pathology of a chronic nature can also be caused by diabetes mellitus, pyelonephritis, gout, intoxication with antibiotics, mercury, lead, kidney anomalies and some other factors.
Hydronephrosis
The kidney is enlarged in the case of a pathological condition, when its cavities are stretched due to impaired outflow of urine. This deviation is called hydronephrosis. When this disease progresses, the kidney parenchyma atrophies and, as a result, its functional ability decreases. Often, pathology is observed in women 25-35 years of age.
Hydronephrosis is divided into two types. The primary is the result of congenital anomalies of the urinary system, the secondary occurs due to complications of any of the diseases in it.
Ultrasound examination of the kidneys
When pain occurs in the lumbar region of the back, the cause can only be identified by this method. In the course of an ultrasound examination, it is possible to determine how the vessels of the kidneys are located, the organs themselves, what contours they have, shape, structure,the size; track the presence of neoplasms, the state of the parenchyma.
Preparation for kidney ultrasound
There are some rules to follow before performing an ultrasound.
No Flatulence
In case of a tendency to bloating (flatulence), a diet should be followed for three days prior to the procedure. It is also necessary to use 2-4 tablets per day of activated charcoal or "Espumizan", "Filtrum" (according to the instructions for use). The diet is based on the exclusion of products that contribute to the formation of gases - fruits and vegetables, dairy products, legumes, black bread, carbonated drinks and others.
In the absence of a tendency to flatulence, it is recommended to adhere to the diet described above without the addition of drugs for three days before the ultrasound of the kidneys. Sometimes the doctor prescribes a cleansing enema, which is required in the evening and morning before the procedure.
Drinking and hygiene
Approximately one hour before the ultrasound, you should drink up to a liter of water. By the beginning of the procedure, the bladder must be full. If it is difficult to endure an hour after drinking, you can empty your bladder a little and drink non-carbonated liquid again.
It is recommended to bring a towel with you. Not every office provides enough wipes to wipe the gel applied to the body during a kidney ultrasound. Also, in order not to stain expensive clothes, it is recommended to give preference to simpler ones.wardrobe items.
