"Supraks" belongs to the third generation of cephalosporins, which is now one of the most popular groups of antibiotics due to its wide spectrum of action and high efficiency. This strong antibiotic drug can be used in both adults and children.
About the drug
This type of antibiotic is mainly used only in the hospital, since the method of administration is most often injection. This is inconvenient for many people. After all, you need to either look for a nurse who will give injections, or learn to do it yourself. "Supraks" - both for children and adults, is devoid of this drawback, as it is taken orally.
This drug inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan, which is the main structural component of the bacterial cell membrane. Due to this, the bactericidal effect of the drug is created. "Supraks" is effective against a number of bacteria, and therefore is used in pulmonology, and in pediatrics, and in urology, and in otolaryngology.
High bioavailability of the drug allows it toeasily penetrate into the maxillary sinus, middle ear cavity, tonsils and bronchi, so doctors often prescribe Suprax for bronchitis and other respiratory diseases.
The half-life of this drug is longer than that of other cephalosporins, so it is enough to take it only once a day. This is enough to maintain the desired concentration of the substance in the blood, which is very convenient for both adults and children.
Pharmacology
Instructions for the use of "Supraksa" states that this drug is a third-generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with a wide spectrum of action for oral administration. It has a bactericidal effect. This is achieved by inhibiting the synthesis of certain substances in the bacterial cell membrane.
"Supraks" is active against gram-positive bacteria: Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as gram-negative: Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus mirabilis, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Some bacteria are resistant to cefexime. These are Pseudomonas spp., Enterococcus (Streptococcus) serogroup D, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus spp. (including methicillin-resistant strains), Enterobacter spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium spp.
Issue form
"Supraks" in pharmacies can be found in two forms: capsules and granules, from which a suspension is prepared. Some believe that there is a third form. However, this is a different drug.which is called "Supraks. Solutab" - dispersible (soluble) tablets.
Suspension doctors use mainly in pediatric practice. After all, it is easier and more pleasant to take it, thanks to flavors. However, this does not mean that it cannot be given to adults, but the necessary dosage must be observed. With severe sore throat, taking capsules can cause significant discomfort, so the suspension is a great help even in the treatment of adults.
Capsules are available in a white case with a purple cap. The H808 code is applied by the manufacturer using food ink. The capsules contain small pale yellow granules and powder. As an auxiliary substance, colloidal silicon dioxide is used in an amount of 4 mg, as well as calcium carmellose - 16 mg, magnesium stearate - 2 mg. The capsule shell is made from gelatin, contains small amounts of indigo carmine and azotrubine dyes, as well as titanium dioxide (2%).
Pharmacokinetics
Many people have a question about how to use Suprax - before or after meals. The instructions describe in detail the mechanism of absorption and distribution of the drug. The bioavailability of the antibiotic when taken orally reaches 50% and does not depend on food intake. However, after a meal, the maximum serum level of cefixime will be reached 0.8 hours faster. However, it does not matter much whether you take the Suprax antibiotic before or after meals. It will be equally effective.
If you take cefixime in capsules, then its maximum blood level will beobserved after four hours and will be 3.5 μg / ml, but when taking 200 mg suspension, Cmax will also be reached after 4 hours, but will be 2.8 μg / ml. If you increase the dose to 400 mg, then Cmax will be equal to 4.4 mcg / ml.
Half of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine during the day, and 10% of the dose is excreted through the bile.
Preparation of suspension
In the form of a suspension, Suprax is sold dry, so some patients have questions about how to prepare it correctly. It is necessary to take 40 ml of boiled water at room temperature, divide it into two parts. First you need to fill in the first part of the water, shake the bottle well and add the second part of the liquid. The result is a uniform substance, which must be allowed to settle, but be sure to shake it again before use.
If the doctor has not given a different prescription, you should follow the recommendations from the instructions for use of Suprax: babies from 6 months to a year should be given 2.5-4 milliliters of suspension, babies from 2 to 4 years old - 5 ml, and children from 5 to 11 years old - 6-10 ml each.
For kids
Now "Supraks" is one of the most powerful antibiotics, which are considered "reserve". The doctor will prescribe a similar drug only if less powerful drugs do not help. Children's "Supraks" in suspension is often used in hospital treatment.
Used for various infections of the respiratory tract, ENT organs, bones, urinary system and others. It helps a lot withinflammatory processes in the tonsils, in other words, with acute tonsillitis (angina).
"Supraks" with angina is also effective. It will help with sinusitis, otitis media and inflammation of the middle ear. However, doctors do not recommend immediately starting treatment with this antibiotic, as it belongs to the category of potent ones. If bacteria develop immunity to such "heavy artillery", it will be very, very difficult to cope with the disease, it can become chronic.
Drug dosage
"Supraks" on the pharmacological market is presented in several forms. These are granules, capsules and suspensions. It is suspensions that are best suited for children. After all, a child is much more willing to take liquid medicine than drink a pill. In this form of release, Suprax has a pleasant caramel taste, so the baby will surely like it.
The effectiveness of an antibiotic depends on how well the patient follows the schedule of taking. The fact is that during treatment it is necessary to constantly maintain the desired concentration of the drug in the blood, otherwise the bacteria may not only not die, but also develop immunity.
Usually "Supraks" is taken once or twice a day, and the course can be from seven to ten days. In no case can you change the dosage of Suprax and the duration of the course on your own. It is necessary to adhere to the doctor's prescription.
For adults and children over 12 years old and weighing over 50 kilograms, the daily dose is 400 mg. The duration of the course is usually seven to ten days. Theseparameters may vary according to the doctor's prescription depending on the disease. For example, uncomplicated gonorrhea involves a single dose of 400 mg of Suprax.
Suprax is produced in capsules and powder for suspension preparation. For children under the age of twelve, the drug is prescribed in suspension, and the dose is 8 mg per 1 kg of body weight 1 time per day. May be given 4 mg/kg once every 12 hours.
Children from 5 to 11 years old take 6-10 ml of suspension, and children from 2 to 4 years old - only 5 ml of suspension. Babies from six months to a year are prescribed 2.5-4 ml of suspension.
Side effects
"Supraks" - a strong antibiotic, but not the safest. It is reliable, but not for everyone due to the large list of side effects:
- Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, flatulence, dry mouth, hyperbilirubenemia, liver transaminase activity, gastrointestinal candidiasis, jaundice, cholestasis, dysbacteriosis. Sometimes there is pseudomembranous enterocolitis, glossitis, stomatitis.
- Headache, tinnitus, dizziness.
- Thromocytopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, bleeding.
- Vaginitis.
- Various renal dysfunction and interstitial nephritis may occur.
- Possible allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock.
However, all these side effects are not contraindications for everyone, but for some groups of people, both capsules and Suprax suspension are not recommended or prohibited for use. It is not prescribed to people withintolerance to drugs of the cephalosporin and penicillin groups.
Contraindications
"Supraks" differs from many other antibiotic drugs in that it has few contraindications. As mentioned above, it cannot be used only for the treatment of people who are hypersensitive to drugs of the penicillin and cephalosporin groups. However, there are features of use for people with impaired renal function. The doctor should adjust the dose of the drug according to the degree of impairment.
Overdose
"Supraks", like other similar drugs, in case of overdose gives the same reactions as indicated in the side effects. However, they increase, but allergic reactions are excluded.
In case of an overdose, it is necessary to do a gastric lavage. Symptomatic and supportive therapy is also carried out, which may include antihistamines, epinephrine, dopamine, norepinephrine, corticosteroids. Transfusion of infusion solutions, mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy can be applied. In large quantities, cefixime is not removed from the blood by dialysis (hemo- or peritoneal).
Allergy sufferers
Experience with the antibiotic "Supraks" and cephalosporins in general shows that patients who are hyperreactive to penicillins are predisposed to allergies to cephalosporins. Rarely, the course of treatment is more than ten days, since with an increase in this time, suppression of the natural intestinal flora can occur anduncontrolled growth of drug-resistant bacteria.
The result can be diarrhea and pseudomembranous enterocolitis. The drug "Supraks" is often used by doctors as the second stage of antibiotic therapy, if the first one took place in a hospital with the use of injectable antibiotics. For details on the application, see below or in the instructions for "Supraksa" for adults.
Special Instructions
As indicated in the instructions for use of Suprax, taking an antibiotic for a long time is often accompanied by a violation of the intestinal microflora. As a result, the number of Clostridium difficile increases, which can lead to severe diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis.
For expectant mothers
"Supraks" can be used during pregnancy. However, this is a strong drug, so, like any other antibiotics, it can cause serious harm to the fetus in the first trimester. At this time, doctors prescribe such drugs only in the most extreme cases, when the he alth benefits to the mother far outweigh the potential risk to the fetus.
In the second trimester, the use of such drugs is considered safer. However, in no case should you self-medicate. All appointments should be made by a qualified specialist who knows the intricacies of using drugs for the treatment of pregnant women.
The use of Suprax during pregnancy should take place exclusively under the supervision of doctors. At this time, it is desirable that the woman was in the department of pathology of pregnancy. Before prescribing an antibiotic,it is necessary to conduct a test for the sensitivity of pathogens to this drug. Broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs, such as the antibiotic Suprax, are often prescribed in cases where, for some reason, bacterial culture is not possible.
Avoid side effects
Despite the fact that Suprax capsules, like other antibiotic drugs, can greatly facilitate the task of doctors in maintaining the he alth of patients, they have side effects. It is very difficult to avoid them completely. However, almost any patient can reduce the negative impact of the drug to a minimum. How to do it?
- First of all, do not take antibiotics unless there is a good reason for doing so. Even if a cold or cough makes you uncomfortable, you should not immediately take the “heavy artillery” in the form of antibiotic drugs, especially such as Suprax with a wide spectrum of action. With unauthorized appointment, such a drug can not only not have a positive effect, but also harm your he alth. Remember that antibiotics primarily target bacteria, so if you don't know what microorganism is causing the disease, don't take antibiotics.
- Second, keep an antibiotic log. Record when you took this or that drug, for what disease and how long the course of treatment lasted. Write down unusual body reactions. This information can help your he althcare provider if you need a course of antibiotics again.
- Third, clearlyfollow the appointment schedule. The fact is that for an effective antibiotic action, it is necessary to maintain the optimal concentration of the drug in the patient's blood. That is why doctors advise taking the medicine at regular intervals. Use the alarm clock on your smartphone so that you don't miss your dose if you suddenly get carried away by some business.
- Fourthly, you can not stop the course of treatment. The instructions for use of "Supraks" indicate that this parameter is from seven to ten days. The rule works even if the patient has already felt an improvement. Remember that if the pathogen is not completely destroyed, the disease can become chronic. Bacteria are living organisms that are constantly evolving. They may become immune to the antibiotic. The duration of the course is usually calculated by the doctor.
- Fifth, do not adjust the dosage of Suprax. It can also cause bacteria to become resistant to the drug. Some patients believe that by lowering the dose, they can reduce the harm that antibiotics cause to the body, thereby giving the pathogen the opportunity to adapt to new conditions. By doing this, the patient can endanger not only himself, but also those close to him. Infected with such an antibiotic-resistant strain, it will be much more difficult to cure than in the usual case. Even stronger antibiotics will have to be used, which means that the consequences for the body will also be more serious.
Food Details
Importantaspect in minimizing side effects is the correction of nutrition. Antibiotic drugs affect not only pathogenic microflora. They inhibit the activity of all beneficial bacteria in our body. That is why the gastrointestinal tract suffers the most. During the course of treatment with Suprax, adjust your diet to reduce the load on the gastrointestinal tract. Avoid alcohol, smoking, fried and fatty, spicy and sour foods.
Reducing the negative effects on the gastrointestinal tract will help the introduction of fermented milk products containing probiotics into the diet. Stool upset is one of the most common side effects. Use probiotics to minimize this effect.
Reviews about the drug
Reviews of Suprax tablets, especially those that can be read on the Internet, are quite contradictory. You should not decide whether to take Suprax or not, focusing solely on reviews. After all, many factors are unknown.
For example, a child was prescribed Suprax for bronchitis, and the drug did an excellent job, but the second one had no effect. Perhaps in the second case, the pathogen was incorrectly identified. After all, antibiotic drugs act mainly on bacteria. Or, perhaps, the reception mode was not respected.
Some people write that there were a lot of side effects, and some did not have any at all.
Remember: you can not choose an antibiotic, focusing only on reviews! Take into account the opinion of qualified specialists and dataanalyses. After all, not only the causative agents of diseases and the diseases themselves differ. Each organism also has its own characteristics.
For example, "Supraks" with angina will be effective only in the case of a bacterial type. For other types, other drugs are used. However, even some doctors may prescribe an antibiotic "just in case" for no particular reason. A bacterial culture can help you figure out if you should take an antibiotic drug or not.
