The main cause of a dental granuloma, or cyst, is periodontitis. The disease is an inflammatory process, which is caused by the penetration of infection into periodontal tissues. Granuloma occurs in the root area in the form of a "bag" of pus, its size varies from a few millimeters to a centimeter or more, it gradually increases over time.
What is this disease?
Tooth granuloma proceeds imperceptibly for a person, and exacerbation occurs mainly under the influence of any external factors. An asymptomatic inflammatory process poses a certain danger - as a rule, the disease is diagnosed already in a neglected state. Despite its small size, the granuloma is the source of a number of severe complications.
Education can develop for a very long time, up to several months. Usually, the granuloma is localized by connective tissues, which prevents the infection from spreading to he althy areas and usually leads to other inflammatory processes in the root of the tooth.
Causes of disease
As noted above, the cause of the disease is listed inperiodontal tissue infection, this can happen for several reasons:
-
Complications of pulpitis, a chronic disease - in this case, the infection penetrates into the periodontal tissues through the dental canals.
- Injury or fracture of a tooth, damage to the gums, wound surfaces serve as an excellent conductor of infection in deep tissues.
- Incorrect or incomplete pulp treatment can also cause granuloma. The remnants of the infected pulp penetrate into the periodontal tissues and cause inflammation.
- Incorrect antiseptic and aseptic processing of dental equipment is also a source of infection leading to inflammation.
Despite the fact that the disease is asymptomatic, external factors provoke obvious symptoms of the disease, namely:
- Periodic hypothermia.
- Various acute respiratory diseases and weakening of the immune system.
- Sharp climate change.
- Stress.
- Heavy physical activity.
All of these factors can cause the granuloma to grow rapidly, which in turn puts pressure on other tissues, causing severe pain and other symptoms.
Symptoms
Dental granuloma is a localized and limited inflammation. In the area of the disease, intensive formation and replacement of granulation tissue occurs, which contributes toincrease in growth. Until a dental granuloma reaches a certain size, it is difficult to detect - both for the patient and the dentist. Very often, granulomas are detected during x-rays. With a gradual increase in its size, a dull pain and redness of the gums appear.
Very often, with suppuration of a dental granuloma, there is a darkening of the tooth enamel, acute pain. Purulent discharge appears between the tooth and gum.
A characteristic symptom is a feeling when the tooth seems to be longer than the rest, and as if interferes with chewing food.
Dental granuloma, in which a purulent process has begun, deserves special attention. In this case, there is an acute toothache, swelling of the gums is observed. With slight pressure on the area of inflammation, fluid with pus or blood may begin to flow from the gums.
The development of a dental granuloma is often accompanied by an increase in body temperature in general, headaches and chills.
Causes of pain
When an infection enters the root canal in the oral cavity, a certain balance occurs for a while, so the inflammation does not bother the patient. Over time, during reproduction or under the influence of some external factors, the number of bacteria begins to increase uncontrollably, and the body begins to actively fight it.
Dead microbes are the very pus that forms as a result of inflammation, it also leads to high pressure in the area of \u200b\u200bbone tissue, where many nerve endings are concentrated,which causes severe pain.
A large amount of discharged pus can lead to flux. There are also frequent cases of spontaneous release of purulent masses, however, in this case, you should not hope that the outcome will be positive, because the cause has not been eliminated, and this can lead to much more serious consequences.
Possible complications and consequences for the body as a whole
The occurrence of a dental granuloma can lead to various complications and has a number of consequences for the oral cavity and the body as a whole.
Complications
- Significant reduction in bone tissue and its melting, which can lead to a jaw fracture in the future.
- Spread of inflammation beyond the affected area and infection of other he althy teeth.
- Loss of a tooth or row.
The development of a granuloma can lead to a more dangerous purulent inflammation - a cyst that requires a long and complicated treatment. Also, a granuloma can cause a fistula - a channel through which pus will flow to another area.
Granuloma can cause various diseases of the kidneys, blood, and can also lead to sepsis.
Consequences
Infection of the oral cavity and loss of part of the dentition are the most common dental consequences, but the danger of granuloma is that the whole body can suffer.
So, the oral cavity is not just a favorable area for the development of bacteria, it is also a gateway to the human body. Therefore, inflammation is oftenof the oral cavity or tooth quite easily passes to other organs. Often, the nearest “neighbors” - ears and nose - are the first to suffer.
In the case of a neglected dental granuloma, the respiratory organs are at risk, due to their proximity to the focus of inflammation. The overgrowth can easily cause bronchitis or other respiratory infections.
When a granuloma ruptures and is ingested, a dental granuloma can cause inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Diagnosis
It is impossible to diagnose a dental granuloma in the early stages. This only happens when x-rays are taken for procedures that are not related to the detection of the granuloma itself. The dentist and the patient are able to detect inflammation only after the onset of its sharp growth or suppuration.
When symptoms develop, radiography is mandatory for a final diagnosis. Only with its help it is possible to accurately make a final diagnosis and distinguish dental granuloma from other diseases. In the picture, the granuloma looks like a dark limited area near the root of the tooth.
Treatment
Today there are several ways to treat dental granuloma. The choice is made by the dentist after examination. Cyst size and complications are decisive factors.
Main treatments:
- Classic.
- Surgical intervention.
- Non-surgical.
Classic method
Classic, it is also often called a therapeutic method, it consists in the use of a complex of antibiotics according to a special scheme. In this case, the dental granuloma is treated without any problems and there is even an opportunity to save the tooth. It should be noted that this type of treatment is used only in the early stages of inflammation. However, it should be understood that sometimes tissues can be so affected that prosthetics are required.
Surgery
Another effective method. Indications for surgery:
- Capsule size approaching one centimeter.
- There is a pin in the canal, there is no possibility of filling the canal.
- The canal is not filled near the apex.
- If classical treatment fails.
Surgical intervention is applied at the advanced stage. As a rule, the operation takes place in two stages.
How to treat tooth granuloma? First, a special incision is made and a drain is inserted, which has two goals - to remove the accumulated purulent masses and allow the incision to heal.
The patient needs to take some time antibiotics and drugs that will prevent inflammation. After that, the second and main stage of the operation begins.
There are two main types of surgery:
- Cystectomy is a fairly reliable method. The surgeon cuts off the top of the root with granuloma and other neoplasms. Manipulation requires the surgeonskills and abilities, it is not carried out on molars.
- Hemisection is a common surgical operation that is used only for molars. It consists in the fact that the surgeon completely amputates the root of the tooth with a granuloma. In fact, it is not considered a full-fledged operation and is used only when other manipulations cannot be used.
Laser removal
It is also worth paying attention to the removal of a tooth granuloma by the laser method. It consists in the impact of a laser beam through the dental canal on the area of education. In this case, the channel itself is sterilized, and the neoplasm gradually decreases. This method is used if the capsule size is small.
Laser Removal Benefits:
- Low invasive.
- Fast recovery.
- Complete disinfection of the affected area.
The disadvantages include the high cost and lack of such a service in most clinics.
Consequences of the operation:
- Redness and swelling of the mucosa.
- Weakness and toothache.
- Heat temperature.
In the postoperative period, you must strictly follow the doctor's instructions. In this case, the patient may be prescribed antiseptic rinses, antibiotics, etc. If the condition worsens, it is urgent to consult a doctor.
Non-surgical method
Tooth granuloma treatment method at the root, advantagewhich lies in the simplicity and low invasiveness of the procedure. The tooth canal is expanded in a special way, and then a solution is injected - calcium copper hydroxide. The technique is based on the use of special equipment. Positively charged ions through the channel begin to move towards the negative electrode, destroying the infection on their way.
The recipe for treatment of dental granuloma is to eliminate the infection from the channels, as well as create a reliable barrier to prevent re-inflammation.
Treatment conditions:
- Availability of special equipment.
- Presence of drugs and special irrigants.
- The specialist must have significant knowledge of the anatomy of the roots, endocrine pathology, have certain skills and experience.
Drugs in treatment
The following drugs are prescribed for those who have had a granuloma after tooth extraction:
- Antibiotics - lincomycin. Responsible for reducing the number of bacteria that cause inflammation in the oral cavity.
- NSAIDs. This drug group is responsible for reducing pain and acts on the cause - inflammation. In the postoperative period, other painkillers are also prescribed by the doctor.
- Topical preparations.
Self-healing
Many are interested in what to do with a tooth granuloma at home. It is important to understand that the granuloma itself cannot be cured! In no caseyou can not take the drugs and antibiotics that are used in the treatment of dental granuloma on your own, this will lead to both serious consequences and death.
If you suspect a granuloma, you should not use hot compresses, and you should also limit yourself to taking hot food. The temperature will encourage even more bacteria to grow and make things worse.
Science has proven that no folk remedies and drugs will cure the disease, do not be mistaken. If you do not see a doctor, this will lead to surgery and serious complications.
Judging by the reviews, the treatment of tooth granuloma is effective only by surgery and medication. Don't waste time. It's best to see a dentist right away.
Disease prevention
The danger of the disease, as mentioned above, is asymptomatic in the early stages. Therefore, prevention is keeping the oral cavity clean and regular visits to the dental office. Separately, it is worth mentioning once again that self-medication will not lead to anything good.
