The "Pentaxim" or "Pentavak" vaccine is a new generation immunobiological drug that has a number of advantages over the hitherto used DTP vaccination. The advantages are that Pentaxim is a complex and cell-free (acellular) drug, it is easily tolerated and has much fewer contraindications than DTP. With the latter, complications were supplemented by the presence of bacterial cell membranes.
History of Creation
"Pentaxim" universal was created in 1997, France produces it. Its most famous concern is SANOFIPASTEUR, S. A. The vaccine is purchased by all European countries and the USA. Western Europe uses a drug called Pentavac, and in all other countries, including Russia, it is known as "Pentaxim".
The drug is registered in 97 countries and is popular all over the world. It helps maintain high immunityagainst 5 diseases at once. The appearance of this universal vaccine was preceded by a long and detailed study of the vital activity of the pathogens of whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria, poliomyelitis and Hib infection. Clinical studies were conducted on 10 thousand children and recorded the presence of ready-made antibodies in the blood to pathogens in 100% of subjects.
Since 2011, WHO has introduced Pentaxim into the list of mandatory occupational vaccinations. They should be done without fail not only for he althy, but also for weakened children.
The components of "Pentax" are chosen so perfectly that they absolutely do not interfere with each other. The vaccine contains:
- cell-free pertussis toxoid;
- tetanus and diphtheria toxoid;
- poliovirus 3 types in an inactivated state;
- hemagglutinin filamentous lyophilisate.
This multi-component nature reduces the number of injections. So, separate vaccination against the above infections would be 12 injections, and the use of "Pentaxim" - only 4. The dose in 1 syringe "Pentaxim" is designed strictly for 1 child, i.e. you need to enter the contents completely.
Medication storage and expiration dates
Freezing is not allowed. The drug is stored only at positive temperatures in the refrigerator from +2 to +8 degrees. Transportation is possible only at low sub-zero temperatures - in bags with dry ice.
Then keep in the refrigerator. Best before date3 years from the date of issue. Ampoules with an expiring date or with flakes, sediment are not used. Opened ampoules are not subject to storage, but are destroyed.
Vaccination schedule
The initial course is given to a he althy child from 3 months in the form of 3 injections with a break of 1.5 months. The last revaccination is done after 1.5 years. The transfer of the next dose for several days is possible if there is a medical tap (weekends, colds with fever). The regimen is then not resumed and protective immunity may be weaker.
Parents should know that the component of the Hib vaccine after one year of age is administered only 1 time. In the future, the drug is administered without Hib-lyophilisate.
The packaging of the vaccine is aseptic, the blister contains a ready-made syringe with a dose. In their reviews, mothers say that children do not feel vaccinations - the needle is so thin. Toddlers up to a year are injected with a dose in the thigh, older - in the arm. Intramuscular administration is not practiced due to the difficulty of getting the composition of the vaccine into the blood due to a significant layer of muscles. Moreover, there is no intravenous administration.
Indications and contraindications
It is clear that the fear of vaccinations and their consequences is common to many parents. In the case of Pentaxim, this is an absolutely unfounded fear. It is important for parents to understand that it is vaccination that will keep the baby he althy and prevent him from becoming disabled. This vaccine is especially recommended for those children who haveI had a reaction to DTP. And also for those who have:
- medical tap for DTP;
- HIV infection;
- neurological burden;
- allergy;
- convulsive readiness;
- anemia and dysbacteriosis;
- atopic dermatitis;
- non-progressive encephalopathy.
There are also contraindications:
- marked unusual reaction after previous vaccination;
- individual hypersensitivity to components;
- infectious diseases with fever;
- reactions to neomycin, streptomycin, polymyxin B;
- progressive encephalopathy following vaccination within a week;
- with convulsions of afebrile or febrile nature.
Reaction after vaccination
How long does the temperature last after "Pentax"? No more than a few days. Some doctors do not advise to bring down the temperature, so as not to reduce the immune response. But if the thermometer shows hyperthermia above 38 degrees, then giving an antipyretic is possible.
Other doctors believe that if the temperature after "Pentaxim" begins to rise, it is necessary to bring it down, since the immune reaction is not determined by it, and the baby feels bad. As antipyretics, you can give the child Paracetamol or Ibuklin. An interesting fact is that after the second "Pentax" the temperature usually rises, if it was not there during the first. But the temperature after 3 "Pentax" does not happen. Why does hyperthermia occur?
Temperature after "Pentax" on the second day is possible with convulsive readiness in the baby. But if she had nothing to do with previous vaccinations, the Pentaxima vaccine is used, but carefully. When the temperature rises, antipyretics should be given immediately.
Normal reaction
The immune system gives its response to the introduction of any vaccine as a foreign element. This is the norm. If there is a lot of such a response, there may be clinical manifestations of the reaction, which are divided into local and general.
Local - these are small seals at the injection site, redness up to 8 mm in size. The child may complain that the injection site hurts, but this quickly resolves on its own.
General manifestations - malaise, sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, high temperature after Pentaxim. All this passes quickly enough on its own. How long does the temperature last after "Pentax"? Hyperthermia is noted in every 5th baby and goes away on its own in 1-3 days. Seeing a doctor about this is rare.
Possible Complications
"Pentaxim" protects against 5 diseases at once. Complications occur only in 0.6% of those vaccinated. The temperature after revaccination with Pentaxim did not create problems at all. But even if you had to go to the doctor about the temperature, no deaths were noted. The temperature after "Pentax" above 40 was noted only in 0.01% of cases. She most often disappears on the third day.
Usually the temperature after the second"Pentaxima" vaccinations are easily tolerated. Only sometimes, against the background of temperature, irritability, capriciousness, prolonged crying, refusal of the breast and poor falling asleep can be noted. In general, the temperature in a child after the "Pentaxim" vaccination does not require the presence of a doctor, as it passes quickly. Neurological symptoms in the form of seizures, muscle pain, headaches are even less common.
The fact that the temperature after the second "Pentax" is more often than after the first and third, say many reviews of mothers. Parents should be warned about this by a doctor.
More serious consequences in the form of a very high temperature after "Pentaxim" may be due to a violation of the vaccination interval, improper administration of the vaccine, or if the procedure was performed on an unhe althy child at that time. Therefore, before the injection, the pediatrician must give his reasonable opinion that the child is he althy, parents can demand it.
Rules for introducing "Pentaxim" after ARVI
If the child had a SARS or AII, then the "Pentaxim" vaccination is indicated to be carried out immediately with the temperature normalized. Residual catarrhal phenomena in the form of elements of a runny nose and cough, instability of the stool, etc., are not an obstacle. Children who have had CNS diseases, including meningitis, must receive a medical exemption for six months.
Rules for allergies
If the child is allergic, vaccination is possible only 2-3 weeks after the acute symptoms subside. Moreover, you need to enter "Pentaxim" only onagainst the background of antihistamines - inside and locally. If the allergic background means periodic bronchospasm, vaccination will be delayed for a month. And then you will need the use of hormonal bronchodilators and antihistamines.
Parental behavior
Panic about the rise in temperature after "Pentax" is not worth it, because this is the reaction of the norm. Although, according to parents, it is the temperature factor that always unnerves and makes you anxious. But such a reaction of the body indicates the work of the immune system. What temperature after Pentaxim will the baby have depends on his general condition, immunity, neurological disorders, etc. When is it advisable to turn to pills? A temperature of 38 after Pentaxim does not yet require the use of antipyretics.
In the presence of neurological complications, it is recommended to lower the temperature from 37, 5. Before taking the tablets, a small child can be wiped with vinegar or vodka to reduce the overall temperature (you must first consult a doctor, not everyone recommends such methods). It works quickly on a baby. For the same purpose, you can apply a decoction of linden flowers, chamomile or birch buds. And only if the temperature after the "Pentaxim" vaccination in the child does not fall and continues to grow, you can resort to antipyretics. This is especially true in cases where additional symptoms such as a runny nose, cough, diarrhea, etc. are added. All this already speaks of the additioninfections. An increase in temperature after Pentaxim even up to 39 degrees is also the norm, but with it it is already necessary to give antipyretics in the form of tablets or syrup. When giving antipyretics, the dose and frequency of administration should be observed.
For the prevention of temperature, it is impossible to give pills after vaccination. This behavior is not justified.
Proper preparation for vaccination
The bad thing is that pediatricians most often do not explain all the details of preparing a baby for vaccination. And it just depends on how the child will transfer it. Therefore, keep in mind that if the child is registered with any narrow specialist (neurologist, allergist, etc.), it is necessary to obtain written permission from him to administer Pentoxim. It is advisable to pass the UAC and OAM. This is necessary so that the doctor can understand whether everything is in order with the baby. Usually, doctors, due to being busy, examine the baby superficially before vaccination, without going into a detailed examination. Parents should not agree with this approach. A week before and after vaccination, it is advisable not to introduce a new type of complementary foods and not to give a new product.
One day before and two days after vaccination, it is advisable to drink more and not overfeed the child. Artificials tolerate the injection more difficult than those who are breastfed. You should also not feed 2 hours before vaccination. Water may be given immediately before vaccination.
How many days does the temperature last after the "Pentaxim" vaccination? This should be reported to the doctor in advance. Aftervaccination, if the child wants, take a walk on the street, and when you return home, do not immediately put him at the table. Give food only when the child asks for it. Food should be light, unsweetened, and low in fat.
Baby shouldn't be constipated. The chair is desirable not only the day before the procedure, but also on the day of it, and after. Otherwise, an enema is recommended. On the day of vaccination, do not wrap your baby so that he does not sweat. If a child has a runny nose for a long time, but there are no other manifestations of the disease, the child eats well, the famous doctor Komarovsky is sure that such a symptom is not an obstacle to the vaccine. After vaccination, the temperature may rise. A temperature of 37 after Pentaxim does not require the use of antipyretics if there is no neurological burden.
"Pentaxim" - analogues
If there is no Pentaxim vaccination at the clinic at the appointed time, the doctor may recommend medications that contain interchangeable components. These are vaccinations such as DTP, DTP + HepB, Tetraxim, Imovax Polio, Infanrix, Synflorix and others that the doctor will recommend.
It is better to use "Tetraxim" for revaccination, because it is produced by the same company as "Pentaxim", but it does not have a HIB component in its composition. It must be borne in mind that the temperature after 3 "Pentax" does not occur, as with the first dose (most often).
Pentaxim or DTP: which is better?
DTP, which was still usedsince the times of the USSR, was intended for the prevention of the same infections, except for Hib. That is, the adsorbed vaccine was intended for whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. The advantage of Pentaxim is that it is supplemented with a component against HIB. In addition, it is acellular, so it is less difficult to tolerate. The HIB component acts against gram-negative bacteria, the species Haemophilus influenzae, as well as their strains, united by a single antigenic structure, serotype B. This is a huge achievement of immunologists in the field of pediatrics.
Why? Hib infections, which will be discussed below, in children under 5 years of age are the cause of 80% of cases of inflammation of the epiglottis, 40% of the incidence of meningitis, and 20% of pneumonia.
DTP is inferior to "Pentax" in several other ways. Firstly, after vaccination with DPT, a child's immunity to diseases is incomplete. And Pentaxim is 100% effective, providing a highly immunogenic effect. Secondly, the cellular pertussis component "DTP" gives more severe responses in children. In addition, the oral polio vaccine is not as guaranteed to work as Pentaxim.
In addition, cases of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis have not been excluded. The anti-polio antigen in Pentaxim is inactivated, that is, the virus in it is killed. And oral vaccines contain a live but weakened virus. Therefore, the use of "Pentaxim" completely eliminates the risk of developing vaccine-associated poliomyelitis, which is today one of the mostterrible complications after vaccination with live vaccines.
Important! If the first polio vaccination was by mouth drops, the continuation of the vaccination will also be live vaccines. If the first dose of polio was Pentaxim, in the future, intramuscular injections (Imovax Polio) can be used for revaccination. If the vaccination against poliomyelitis was carried out by Pentaxim, then subsequent vaccinations against this pathology will be needed at 4, 5, 6 months, the last time - at a year and a half. All four doses of Pentaxim are well tolerated.
So how many days does the temperature last after "Pentax"? No more than two to three days after the first dose. The drug is safe for frequently ill children, which was unthinkable for DTP. If a child has had a severe reaction to DTP, then he usually tolerates Pentaxim well. "Pentaxim" is designed in such a way that with one dose the child receives only 21 antigens, and with DTP this number reaches 3002. This is a direct indication of severe post-vaccination reactions after using DTP. Thus, with the introduction of Pentaxim, the resulting antigenic load is 100 times less.
Vaccination age
Acellular pertussis component "Pentaxima" can be used to vaccinate a child or adult of any age. This also applies to other components of the vaccine. They can also be used at any age in both children and adults. But the Hib component of the Pentaxim vaccine is recommended for use only in children under six years of age,once. In other words, the full Pentaxim vaccine with the Hib component can be used to vaccinate children up to the age of 5 years 11 months and 29 days inclusive.
This is the last date for vaccinations. It should also be noted that revaccination with Pentaxim is not used in Russia and the CIS countries. Here, ADS-M is used, containing a lower dosage of antigens (maintaining a domestic manufacturer). Abroad "Pentavak" without the fifth component is used as a revaccination at any age - children and adults.
HIB vaccine component
Before talking about this topic, a few words about Hib infections in general. Hib - an infection or hemophilic - a group of acute infections, the causative agent of which is Pfeiffer's wand. In this case, the respiratory organs, the central nervous system are predominantly affected, and purulent foci appear in various organs, similar to sepsis. The route of transmission is aerogenic.
What diseases are included in this group? Purulent meningitis, sepsis, acute pneumonia, epiglottitis (inflammation of the epiglottis). The practice of immunization against Hib on a large scale began in the mid-80s of the last century, and since 1990 Hib vaccination has been introduced into the vaccination schedule in the United States, Canada and some countries of Western Europe.
This fifth component of the Pentavak vaccine is designed to protect the child from such severe infections. The fact is that in children under the age of five, CIB is characterized by a severe course, and a fatal outcome is not excluded. This is due to the fact that pathogens of the group are resistant toantibiotics.
After five years, the immune system becomes more mature, and Hib becomes less dangerous for the child. Immunity no longer allows a bacterial hemophilic infection to clear up. Bacteria are actively suppressed, which does not happen before the age of five. At the same time, Pentaxim gives high immunity after vaccination for a period of 5 years. Further revaccination is no longer needed. "Pentaxim" not only protects, but in the future the child has a greater resistance to SARS, and even if it has arisen, its course is easier. The vaccine is so effective that if a child does not receive it in the first year of life, it should be given before entering the kindergarten, when there is a risk for a home child to get sick.
Compatibility of Pentaxim with other vaccines
All vaccines registered in Russia are compatible with Pentakism. The only exception is the live polio vaccine in drops. With its use, "Pentaxim" is excluded. That is, if any other vaccine was used, subsequently Pentakism can be administered without fear. For example, at the first vaccination, you can apply "Infanrix" + "ImovaxPolio" + "Hiberix"; for the second vaccination, Pentaxim is applicable. The third time, the same two drugs, but without Infanrix, because it was replaced by DPT. The fourth revaccination - again "Infanrix".
These combinations are not a guide to action, but only a diagram of how combinations of vaccinations can be changed and alternated whenthese four vaccines.
Also, "Pentaxim" can be combined simultaneously with "Prevenar" (against pneumococci) - the temperature after "Pentaxim" and "Prevenar" does not increase, usually it is not higher than 38.
In conclusion, we can cite as an example the opinion of pediatrician Yevgeny Komarovsky, a recognized authority among children's doctors. He believes that vaccination is the best way to protect the he alth of a child from dangerous diseases and the right choice of parents, because medicine does not stand still and the drugs used today are much more effective and safer than even ten years ago. "Pentaxim" will help to avoid many problems in the future. The task of parents is to properly prepare the baby for vaccinations and do them in a timely manner. Thus, you can protect your child from many serious illnesses, How many days can the temperature after the "Pentaxima" vaccination last? This question has been answered in detail above.
