Complexity of speech is a disorder of speech activity, due to which normal communication and social interaction of people with society is impossible. Violation is indicated by deviations in the work of the psychophysiological mechanisms of speech, if the development does not correspond to age.
One of the defects is slurred speech, which makes it difficult for a person to communicate. Speech therapists, neurophysiologists, neurologists, otolaryngologists and other specialists are engaged in the study and treatment of such difficulties. They work with adults and children.
Symptoms
Pathology can be expressed in the absence of speech or in violation of pronunciation. This may present with the following symptoms:
- Unclear and slow speech, its illegibility.
- A person has difficulty choosing words and naming things incorrectly.
- Fast speech but meaningless.
- Hurry thinking.
- Separating syllables and stressing each of them.
Why does it appear in adults?
Slurred speech in adults can appear suddenly or develop gradually. It can also appear in children. Specialists first find out why this happened, and only then begin treatment. Slurred speech can occur due to several factors. The reasons are as follows:
- Brain disorders.
- Injuries to the brain due to stroke or thrombosis.
- Head injuries.
- Brain tumors.
- Degenerative diseases.
- Excessive drinking.
- Weak facial muscles.
- Loose or tight dentures.
Types of disorders in children
Slurred speech in a child is associated with various ailments. The main ones include:
- The appearance of the statement is a pronunciation disorder.
- Interior design - systemic speech disorder.
Varieties of violations
Slurred speech of phonation (external) design appears separately and together with other disorders. In speech therapy, there are the following types of violations:
- Aphonia and dysophonia. There is a disorder or lack of phonation due to pathologies of the vocal apparatus. Usually there is a violation of the pitch, strength, timbre of the voice.
- Bradilalia. Speech slows down. The peculiarity is the slow implementation of the articular speech program.
- Tahilalia - speeding up the pace of speech. Accelerated articulation speech program.
- Stuttering. The organization of speech is disturbed when the muscles of the speech apparatus undergo convulsions. Usually appears inchildren.
- Dyslalia. This pathology is presented in the form of a disorder in the pronunciation of sounds, when hearing and innervation of the speech apparatus in humans are normal. There is a distorted sound design of words. This is slurred speech. The sound may be mispronounced, replaced or mixed.
- Rhinolalia. The pronunciation of sounds and the timbre of the voice is disturbed, which is associated with disorders of the speech apparatus. Changes in the timbre of the voice are manifested when the vocal stream of air passes into the nasal cavity during exhalation and pronunciation. This causes a resonance.
- Dysarthria. Pronunciation is disturbed, which is associated with insufficient innervation of the speech apparatus. This disease appears due to cerebral palsy, which are detected at an early age.
Structural and semantic design of speech
On this basis, disorders are divided into 2 types: alalia and aphasia. Each type of disease has its own symptoms. Alalia manifests itself in the form of the absence or incomplete development of speech. This occurs due to damage to the areas of the brain that are responsible for it. The disorder may appear during fetal development or at an early age.
When alalia appears slurred speech. This defect is considered one of the most difficult, since speech activity is not fully formed. Aphasia is called the loss of the ability to speak, which appeared due to local damage to the brain. Why does slurred speech appear with this disorder? This isassociated with traumatic brain injuries, neuroinfections and brain tumors.
Diagnostic features
It is necessary to analyze the complaints expressed by the patient. The history of the disease is also taken into account. Specialists usually ask when slurred speech appeared and whether there are relatives suffering from such an ailment. Be sure to visit a neurologist, to undergo an examination. The doctor will check the mandibular and pharyngeal reflexes, examine the pharynx, make sure there is atrophy of the muscles of the tongue.
Checking the reflexes of the lower and upper limbs. You should be examined by a speech therapist. The doctor evaluates the performance of speech, reveals violations of the pace, complexity. An examination by an otorhinolaryngologist is necessary, which will protect against such processes in the mouth as abscesses and tumors, which can cause problems.
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the head are being performed, which will reveal why slurred speech appeared. Causes in adults and children are also determined in consultation with a neurosurgeon. Only after a complete diagnosis, treatment methods are prescribed.
Principles of treatment
If slurred speech is detected, what should I do? It is necessary to treat the main disease that caused the violation:
- Tumours are removed surgically.
- Resection of the hematoma, if it is on the surface.
- Surgical removal of abscesses in the skull, followed by the appointment of antibacterial agents.
- Normalization of pressure.
- Use of funds to restore metabolism and brainblood flow.
People with various disorders need to visit a speech therapist so that the deficiency can be corrected with the help of special exercises. Regular practice is essential.
Speech Correction Rules
Speech disorders appear not only due to the pathology of the articulatory apparatus, neurological pathology and the habit of incorrect pronunciation. Another factor is the psychological reason. When excited, a person’s speech becomes barely audible and almost incomprehensible.
The activity of a speech therapist to restore speech is based on the following principles:
- Personal orientation.
- Creating an emotionally supportive environment.
- Interaction with parents.
- Positive motivation.
Speech therapy classes involve improving the mobility of the articulatory apparatus. There is also work on sounds and the restoration of phonemic hearing. Specialists work with children in a playful way, using speech games, a computer. Combined activities are being carried out, involving switching attention from one activity to another.
Rules for speech formation
Classes with a specialist in children allow you to form a competent speech, phonetically clear. But such activities will not be enough. The speech therapist helps only to put the sound. Everything else depends on the child and parents.
In order for speech to form successfully, the following rules must be observed:
- Notyou should scold the child for slurred speech, you just need to carefully correct it.
- Easy exercises should be shown.
- No need to focus on mistakes, stumbles.
- It is necessary to positively set up for classes with a speech therapist.
- Parents need to watch their speech as well.
Forecast and prevention
Speech disorders can be corrected by starting this work at an early age or at an early stage. An important role in improving the condition is influenced by the surrounding people and the efforts of the person himself. If the violation is detected in a timely manner, as well as treatment is started, it is possible to achieve normalization of speech. Such children continue to study in regular schools and get along well with the guys.
With complex forms of the disease, it is not easy to achieve improvement in speech. You can only correct the speech function. In such situations, the complex of measures is wider, and the patient needs to visit a specialized institution. It is necessary to observe the continuity of speech therapy organizations: go to special kindergartens, correctional schools. It is also important to be treated in neuropsychiatric hospitals if it was prescribed by a doctor.
Prevention involves the implementation of effective activities from birth. The child must be protected from neutroinfection, injuries of the skull and brain. It should not be affected by toxic factors.
It must be taken into account that success comes with a systematic approach and complex organization of events. Along with traditional treatment, non-traditional methods should not be forgotten. It is important to carry outphysical activity activities. Using a variety of methods can produce great results if used correctly.
