Each kidney hormone performs its own function and is considered vital. Some diseases contribute to hyper- or hypoproduction of renin, erythropoietin, prostaglandin and calcitriol. A failure in the human body always leads to disastrous results, so it is necessary to pay attention to the urinary system as one of the fundamental ones.
Human urinary system
Responsible for normalizing blood pressure and maintaining hormonal levels.
Because a person is 80% water, which brings nutrients and toxins, the urinary system filters and removes excess moisture. The cleansing structure includes: two kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urethra and a bladder.
The components of the urinary system are a complex anatomical mechanism. Various infections affect it, resulting in disruption of the entire system.
Kidney prescribing
Their main functions are as follows:
- excretion from the bodyprotein breakdown products and toxins;
- participation in the body's metabolic processes;
- change in blood from arterial to venous;
- participation in selection processes;
- stable maintenance of the quantitative and qualitative composition of microelement ions;
- regulation of water-s alt and acid-base balance;
- neutralization of products from the environment;
- hormone production;
- blood filtration and urine formation.
Kidney hormones and their functions are being studied by doctors to identify new methods to normalize the body's performance.
Hormones secreted by the kidneys
The human urinary system is important for the functioning of the whole organism. The hormone that is produced in the kidneys is not one, there are several of them: renin, calcitriol, erythropoietin, prostaglandins. The performance of the body without these substances is impossible, although they do not belong to the endocrine system. After an operation to remove one or two organs (kidneys), the doctor prescribes hormone replacement therapy.
Renin
The presented hormone of the kidneys contributes to the normalization of blood pressure due to the narrowing of the vascular lumens when the body loses a large amount of fluid and s alt. Renin is produced within the walls of the kidneys. After that, the substance is distributed throughout the lymphatic and circulatory systems.
Renin functions:
- increased secretion of aldosterone;
- increased thirst.
In smallamounts of renin produced:
- liver;
- womb;
- blood vessels.
Increased renin content negatively affects the body's performance:
- The appearance of hypertension. The entire cardiovascular system suffers from an increase in the level of the hormone. Age is a complicating factor, causing over 70% of people to develop hypertension after age 45.
- Development of kidney disease. Hypertension causes the kidneys to filter blood under high pressure. Due to the increased load, the cleaning mechanisms may disrupt their work. This causes poor blood filtration and the appearance of signs of intoxication, inflammation of the excretory system.
- Development of heart failure. High blood pressure affects the ability of the heart to pump large amounts of blood.
Erythropoietin
The kidneys secrete a hormone called erythropoietin. Its production depends on the presence of oxygen in the circulatory system. With its small amount, the hormone is released and stimulates the maturation of erythroblasts. An increase in the number of red blood cells helps to reduce hypoxia in the organs.
With enough oxygen, erythropoietin is not released, and the number of red blood cells does not increase. People suffering from anemia take medications with the specified hormone as prescribed by a doctor. Increased risks are observed in patients with cancer who have undergone chemotherapy.
Because men also have testosteronecontributes to the production of this hormone, the normal level of red blood cells in the stronger sex is greater.
Prostaglandins
Presented kidney hormone is of various types: A, D, E, I. They are less studied than their counterparts. Their synthesis is stimulated by arterial hypertension, inflammatory processes, pyelonephritis or ischemia. A hormone is produced in the medulla of the kidneys.
The functions of prostaglandins are:
- increased daily diuresis;
- removal of sodium ions from the body;
- increase salivation and decrease stomach acid production;
- expansion of vascular lumens;
- stimulating smooth muscle contraction;
- regulation of water-s alt balance;
- stimulating renin production;
- normalization of blood pressure;
- activation of blood flow in the glomeruli of nephrons.
Calcitriol
Throughout life, the body produces this hormone. Production peaks in childhood and adolescence.
- The hormone regulates the amount of calcium in the skeletal system and promotes the active growth of the body.
- It promotes the absorption of vitamin D3, which a person receives from the sun and from food.
- Calcium ions activate the functions of the cilia in the intestines, so that more nutrients enter the body.
Hormones affecting the kidneys
In theirnumber included:
- Aldosterone. Its secretion is stimulated by a decrease in the amount of sodium in the blood plasma. Aldosterone is necessary to activate the reabsorption of this trace element and the release of potassium.
- Cortisol. Increases the acidity of urine and promotes the formation of ammonia.
- Mineralocorticoids. Contribute to the complete release of water.
- Vasopressin. A small amount of the substance causes the development of central diabetes insipidus. The component is needed to reabsorb water and maintain the amount in the body, as well as to concentrate urine.
- Parathyroid hormone. Needed to increase the level of calcium in the body, promotes the excretion of phosphates and bicarbonate.
- Calcitonin. The main function of the substance is to reduce the resorption of the skeletal system.
- Atrial natriuretic peptide. Promotes sodium excretion, relaxation of vascular muscles, lowering blood pressure and reducing blood volume.
The hormone of the kidneys, for whatever function it is responsible for, must be produced by the body without disturbance. Otherwise, the pathology of the urinary system will cause irreparable harm to human he alth.
