Currently, doctors have already identified the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Based on this, doctors have developed recommendations for maintaining a proper lifestyle. If you follow these rules, then a person will be able to keep his blood vessels and heart young for the longest possible time.
About the main provoking factors
The list of those conditions that can become a predisposing factor to the formation of such a pathology is quite extensive. Among the main ones, the following should be noted:
- hypodynamia;
- weight gain;
- eating too much s alt;
- high blood cholesterol;
- age over 45;
- male;
- hereditary predisposition;
- smoking;
- diabetes.
Such factorsthe risk of cardiovascular disease is well known. Each of them has its own negative impact that can lead to the formation of pathology. If several of these conditions are present at once, the likelihood of ailments increases.
Inactivity
Any organs and tissues for full functioning must be in good shape. This requires a periodic increase in the load on them. This is also true for blood vessels and the heart. If a person moves too little, does not engage in physical education, leads a "sedentary" or "lying" lifestyle, this leads to a gradual deterioration in the body's performance. Against the background of hypodynamia, the patient may also have other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. These include being overweight, as well as diabetes.
With physical inactivity, the vessels lose their tone. As a result, they are unable to cope with the increased volumes of blood carried. This leads to an increase in blood pressure, which, in turn, causes myocardial overstrain and possible damage to the vessels themselves.
Weight gain
All risk factors for cardiovascular disease can lead to the development of this pathology, but more often than others, the cause of their formation is overweight.
Excess weight is bad because it puts a constant extra burden on the heartvascular system. In addition, an excessive amount of adipose tissue is deposited not only under the skin, but also around the internal organs, including the heart. If this process reaches too much severity, then such a "bag" of connective tissue can interfere with normal contractions. As a result, problems arise directly with blood circulation.
Too much s alt
It has long been known that many risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease are associated with a person's gastronomic habits. At the same time, table s alt is most often called as products that should be limited in their diet to almost everyone.
The basis of its adverse effects on the body is the fact that s alt contains sodium ions. This mineral is able to retain water molecules in the cavity of the vessels. As a result, the volume of circulating blood increases, and the patient's blood pressure level may increase, which adversely affects the walls of blood vessels and the myocardium.
The only way to limit gastronomic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is through diet.
Increase in blood cholesterol
Another major risk factor for cardiovascular disease is high blood cholesterol. The fact is that with an increase in this indicator by more than 5.2 mmol / l, such a compound can be deposited on the walls. ATAs a result, an atherosclerotic plaque forms over time. Gradually increasing in size, it will narrow the lumen of the blood vessel. Such a formation becomes especially dangerous in cases where it affects those vessels that supply the heart itself with blood. As a result, coronary disease of this most important organ develops, and sometimes a heart attack.
Over 45 years old
Not all risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease can be controlled by a person and adjusted through lifestyle changes. Some of them, such as age over 45 years, sooner or later overtake the patient. Such a risk factor is due to the fact that by this period of life the cardiovascular system is already beginning to gradually wear out. Those compensatory abilities of the body that previously protected the heart and blood vessels begin to deplete. As a result, the risk of developing various pathologies of these structures is significantly increased.
Male
Another uncontrollable factor is a person's gender. Men are much more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases for the reason that they have practically no female sex hormones - estrogens. These active substances have a protective effect on the vessels and the heart itself. In the postmenopausal period, women significantly increase the risk of developing a pathology of the cardiological profile.
Heredity
A review of risk factors for cardiovascular disease would be incomplete without touching upon questions of hereditary predisposition to this type of pathology. In order to determine how high the probability of the occurrence of cardiological ailments is, it is necessary to analyze the level of their incidence among the next of kin. If the pathology of the cardiovascular system is observed in almost every loved one, then it is necessary to undergo electrocardiography, ultrasound of the heart and go to an appointment with an experienced cardiologist.
Smoking
The main risk factors for cardiovascular disease include many of those items that represent certain bad habits. Smoking causes temporary vasoconstriction. As a result, their throughput decreases. If, after smoking, a person begins to perform active actions that require an increased supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart, this is achieved only by increasing blood flow. As a result, there is a dissonance between the needs and capabilities of the vessels. Without additional oxygen and nutrients, the heart suffers, which is accompanied by pain. It is recommended to abandon this addiction as soon as possible, otherwise the pathology of the heart and blood vessels will become irreversible.
Diabetes
This disease is fraught with a large number of unpleasant complications. One of them is the inevitable detrimental effect of increasedblood glucose levels on the state of blood vessels. They get damaged fairly quickly. Particularly affected are those that have a relatively small diameter (for example, the renal vein). When such vessels are damaged, the functioning of those organs that are supplied with oxygen and nutrients thanks to them also suffers.
Ways to limit the influence of harmful factors
Of course, it is impossible to change age, sex and heredity. But the adverse effects of other risk factors can be avoided through lifestyle changes. The patient should give up bad habits, especially smoking and alcohol abuse. In this case, replacing tobacco with an electronic cigarette will not help, since the latter also contains nicotine, sometimes even in greater quantities than regular cigarettes.
The most important point in eliminating the main risk factors is to change the gastronomic behavior of a person. He should refuse to overeat, eat less various seasonings, which include a large amount of s alt in their composition. In addition, do not abuse too fatty foods. We are talking about those of them that are of animal origin. It is these foods that can increase blood cholesterol levels quite strongly.
Of course, do not neglect physical exercise. Morning exercises, periodic trips to the gym and walking in the evenings will help to avoidphysical inactivity.
If all these rules are observed, the risk of developing dangerous diseases will undoubtedly decrease, including those that affect the heart and blood vessels.
