Inflammatory processes in the oral cavity are fairly common conditions. A large amount of pus that accumulates in the area of \u200b\u200bthe tooth is commonly called a flux. Many are faced with such a problem and understand exactly what it looks like. In medicine, this condition is called periostitis.
Purulent periostitis in an acute form is an inflammatory disease in the region of the periosteum. The lesion extends to the lower jaw from the outside, and in some cases appears on the upper. This condition is considered quite dangerous, it requires a mandatory consultation with a doctor and the appointment of the correct treatment.
Development Features
The following stages of the development of this disease are distinguished:
- Infection from a diseased tooth passes into the root and further into the bone tissue.
- Serous exudate forms in the bone tissue.
- Through the vessels and nerves, the infection penetrates the periosteum, exfoliating it.
- As the inflammatory process progresses, leukocytes appear in the serous exudate, and the process itself becomes purulent.
According to ICD 10, acute purulent periostitis of the lower or upper jaw has code K10.2. The number 10 indicates diseases of the jaw, and 2 - the inflammatory process in it, that is, periostitis in a purulent form.
Main causes of disease
Periostitis in rare cases manifests itself as a separate ailment, most often it occurs against the background of other pathological processes in the oral cavity and larynx. Usually the cause of such a disease is chronic periodontitis in an advanced stage, as well as periodontitis, jaw cyst, alveolitis and inflammation in the so-called wisdom teeth.
Leads to the accumulation of a large amount of pus, as a rule, and a bacterial lesion that resolves against the background of otitis media, influenza, tonsillitis, acute viral illness, measles, and scarlet fever.
Still acute periostitis of the jaw may appear when exposed to negative factors, which include:
- problems arising from tooth extraction;
- oral surgery;
- mechanical damage to the jaw resulting in wounds;
- beginning of the inflammatory process in facial tissues;
- hypothermia or, conversely, overheating, strong physical exertion;
- teething of baby's first teeth;
- improper treatment of dental diseases;
- lowered immunity.
The reason for the appearance of acute purulent periostitis of the jaw can be pronounced, in thiscase, diagnosing it will be quite simple. But everything is much more complicated when there are no visible symptoms of a pathological condition.
The inflammatory process may appear as a result of exposure to negative factors. For example, after cured caries, a wound formed near the root of the tooth, which, due to low immunity, was exposed to bacteria. As a result of this process, the development of acute purulent periostitis of the jaw begins. When visiting a doctor, the patient should give him all the information that will help determine the cause of the ailment. In this case, the treatment will be effective and comprehensive.
Symptoms of periostitis
The overall clinical picture of the disease in each patient will differ depending on the form of the lesion, the stage of development, the characteristics of the course, as well as the individual characteristics of the patient's body.
The chronic form of the disease proceeds, as a rule, sluggishly, without pronounced symptoms. The acute form of the disease cannot be overlooked, since it is most often accompanied by one or more pronounced symptoms that will not allow a person to work and rest normally.
Acute periostitis of the upper jaw can manifest itself as an independent disease or develop against the background of other diseases of the oral cavity. It is from this that the symptoms will depend, which will progress every day.
The most common complaints of purulent periostitis of the upper jaw doctors include:
- strong and sharp, in some cases throbbing pain on one side, which radiates to the ear, temple or neck;
- problems with jaw mobility that provoke severe pain when opening the mouth;
- swelling and swelling of part of the face depending on the area of pain, in some cases there are problems with facial expressions;
- purulent abscess near the root of a diseased tooth that results in yellow and watery discharge, this condition occurs from time to time and can provide temporary relief;
- inflammation of the oral mucosa, resulting in redness;
- fever in some patients up to 38-39 degrees, general malaise, feeling tired, chills;
- an increase in the size of the submandibular lymph nodes, severe pain in them.
What symptoms will accompany acute purulent periostitis of the upper jaw and lower, will directly depend on the stage of development of the disease and its progression. In most cases, suppuration of the periosteum extends to the lower lateral teeth, which provokes severe swelling of the submandibular area and cheeks. Of course, the case history of acute purulent periostitis of the lower jaw will be different for each patient.
If inflammation develops in the upper jaw, then tissue hyperemia occurs near the lips and eyes. The face acquires pronounced uneven outlines, there is a strong swelling and blue integuments.
From the appearancethe first symptoms of a lesion before the formation of a large abscess usually takes several days. After that, the pain syndrome gradually increases, and the general state of he alth only worsens.
From time to time a person's condition can be relieved, this is typical for those cases when the abscess opens on its own. But this does not mean at all that you can not visit a doctor, if you do not start the right treatment and do not clean it, then pus will accumulate in the affected area of the oral cavity again.
Who is affected?
Purulent periostitis affects mainly adults, but during the eruption of the first teeth or when injured, the disease can develop even in childhood. Diagnosis in this case can be quite difficult due to the fact that the symptoms of the disease are very similar to osteomyelitis.
Although, there are also characteristic signs of the described disease: anxiety of the child, bad behavior, crying, sleep problems, redness of the gums, swelling on one side, severe pain at the moment of touching the diseased area and a sharp rise in temperature.
In most cases, the disease occurs in children aged 3-4 years and is characterized by a severe course. Seek help from a doctor as soon as possible, without postponing the treatment of acute purulent odontogenic periostitis, as this can lead to quite dangerous pathologies.
Main types of disease
Diagnosis of acute periostitis is carried out by comparing the symptoms characteristic of all types of such a disease. Comparison helps to determine the form of pathology, to compose a complex andeffective treatment for a particular case.
According to the genesis and distribution, the inflammatory process is divided into the following types:
- odontogenic - appears as a result of other diseases of the oral cavity;
- traumatic - provoked by mechanical damage to the jaw;
- lymphogenic - the infectious process captures the lymphatic system;
- hematogenous - infection spreads through the bloodstream.
The most common form of the disease occurs in humans when exposed to odontogenic factors. But in rare cases, other types of diseases are also established, which are treated depending on the cause of their occurrence.
Development of disease
Depending on the severity of the symptoms and the severity of the lesion, dentists distinguish acute and chronic periostitis. Chronic develops for a long time, and its symptoms are mild. With such a disease, a person has an proliferation of bone tissue in the area of the affected jaw, accompanied by progressive ossification. This process is almost irreversible and very dangerous. Only timely detection of inflammation of the periosteum will help prevent complications.
Acute periostitis is characterized by severe symptoms, therefore, as already mentioned, it is simply impossible not to notice the disease. There is a purulent and serous form of the pathology. With serous periostitis, a certain amount of serous fluid accumulates in the affected area of \u200b\u200bthe mouth. For a purulent type of lesion, an abscess under the periosteum is considered characteristic. These two forms of pathology with incorrect oruntimely treatment can quickly turn into a chronic condition.
Degrees of disease
Conventionally, the disease, depending on the area of distribution, in dentistry is divided into diffuse and organic degrees.
The latter is characterized by inflammation of 1-3 teeth, while with a diffuse lesion it can spread to almost the entire jaw. In dentistry, the diffuse form of pathology is quite rare and is distinguished by its unpredictability.
This classification of periostitis helps the specialist to make an accurate diagnosis, and then prescribe an effective and comprehensive treatment of pathology.
Features of therapy
Treatment of the disease should be comprehensive. When the initial symptoms of inflammation of the jaw appear, it is important to immediately seek help from a doctor. He will conduct a visual inspection, which will reveal the area of \u200b\u200bthe lesion. To clarify the diagnosis, it is important to conduct a blood test in the laboratory. With the development of a purulent process, the level of leukocytes and ESR will be high.
The most effective diagnostics is thermography, which uses infrared radiation. With his help, the specialist manages to identify the inflammatory process and the place of its spread. In addition, the doctor performs an x-ray of diseased teeth and determines all possible additional diseases.
Treatment of acute purulent periostitis is carried out through surgery. In any case, it is important to open the abscess without fail, and then remove everything from itcontent.
To do this, the doctor makes a small incision in the area of the affected gums, removes diseased tissues and installs a special drainage for the outflow of accumulated pus. The operated area must first be anesthetized with trimecaine or lidocaine.
At the initial stage of the development of the disease, it is customary to use gum irrigation, in more difficult situations, local anesthesia is used. It is strictly forbidden to open the flux yourself, as this can only worsen the situation.
Possible consequences
With timely access to the dentist, the tooth can be saved. He is treated, and then sealed. In advanced cases, the inflammatory process is already so widespread that the doctor has to remove the tooth.
Therapy can continue for several months. In some cases, due to severe pain in the patient, an abscess is first treated and only after that the dentist begins to treat the teeth themselves. The time of therapy will directly depend on the stage of the disease, the size of the affected area and the characteristics of the pathological process.
At the second stage of therapy, the doctor prescribes medications that help heal. To do this, use antiseptic and cleansing rinses with a warm solution of potassium permanganate or soda. Most often, a doctor prescribes antibiotics to eliminate a bacterial infection. For severe pain, analgesics are used. The specialist may also prescribeanti-inflammatory, antihistamines, vitamins and minerals.
During rehabilitation, the patient is prescribed physiotherapy: UHF, neon irradiation, laser therapy, and ultrasound. To improve the condition of the muscles of the face, you need to use special therapeutic exercises.
Therapy of an acute form of periostitis at the initial stage of its development lasts only 3-5 days, including surgery and rehabilitation of the patient. If all the advice of a doctor is followed, a person completely gets rid of the problem and continues to live a full life.
At an advanced stage of the development of the disease, a longer and more complex treatment is required. The transition of pathology into a chronic form provokes irreversible changes in the tissues of the periosteum and regular relapses. In this case, the doctor must constantly monitor the patient's condition and prescribe periodic treatment.
Patients in the reviews say that you should not be afraid to visit a doctor. The cured disease will help to improve the state of he alth without large financial costs. But you should not treat the damage to the oral cavity on your own, as this can only worsen the condition and lead to irreversible complications.
Outcome will depend on the patient's individual history of acute suppurative periostitis of the maxilla.
Reviews of patients
Patients note that the treatment of the disease at the first stage of its development will require only about 660 rubles (opening an abscess). Additional costs are needed for the treatment of complications after periodontitis or pulpitis that have appearedwith advanced periostitis. Tooth extraction will cost 1500-2000 rubles.
Additional expenses include x-rays, anesthetics and antibiotics taken, in some cases hormonal drugs. With complex treatment, the patient may need about 5,000 rubles, and sometimes more. Therefore, those who have had periostitis are advised not to postpone a visit to the dentist.
