Gum disease periodontal disease is a rather rare pathology. It occurs in 3% of the world's population. The disease is characterized by degenerative changes in periodontal tissue. Gingival recession occurs, the height of the alveolar process decreases. That is, all those tissues that help to keep the tooth in the hole are affected. Inflammatory processes may be absent.
Deep damage to the periodontal tissue
In the photo, periodontal disease looks terrifying, especially in the last stage: the roots of the teeth are exposed and covered with hard deposits, and blood with purulent exudate seeps from the gum canals. Of course, such formidable changes are observed only when the disease is severely neglected. If the patient turns to the dentist in time, the development of the pathological process can be stopped.
Gum disease Periodontal disease is characterized by progressive atrophy of the tissues that surround the tooth and hold it in the jawbones. Pathological processaffects:
- gingiva;
- periodontal ligament;
- tooth root cement;
- alveolar processes.
When periodontitis occurs, the neck of the tooth is exposed. The gum swells and changes color. Sometimes it becomes unnaturally pale or, conversely, blushes. After that, she begins to gradually recede, exposing the root. It has a yellow tint, so it is very different in color from the crown. The patient can independently detect the disease at an early stage only if the recession occurs in the front teeth. The change will be noticeable when you smile.
Cosmetic defect is not the only problem of periodontal disease. Case histories of patients often indicate that patients have loosening of the teeth and the appearance of a putrid odor. Many patients have no pain at all, so they are in no hurry to seek help from the dentist. In some cases, the sensitivity of the teeth increases. There is pain during the use of sour or cold foods. And also while brushing your teeth.
The pathological process is dangerous because, starting with one tooth, it will gradually cover neighboring areas. Without treatment, the situation will gradually worsen. She threatens to lose her teeth. Therefore, dentists recommend routine check-ups as often as possible. Such activities allow you to identify the problem in time and take steps to stop the pathological process. Keeping a history of moderate and initial periodontal disease is necessary for the dentist tokeep track of ongoing changes.
Causes for the development of pathology
Gum disease begins to develop when the blood supply to the tissues surrounding the teeth deteriorates. This provokes a violation of mineral and protein metabolism. Periodontal tissues lack oxygen and nutrients, and toxins accumulate. All this leads to a slowdown in tissue regeneration. Growth retardation occurs, and the alveolar part of the jaw gradually atrophies.
The complexity of the treatment of periodontitis gum disease is due to the fact that the causes of its development have not yet been established. Pathology occurs even in those people who strictly monitor oral hygiene and visit the dentist on time.
Specialists believe that the following factors can provoke the development of dystrophic changes:
- Hereditary predisposition.
- Diabetes mellitus.
- Atherosclerosis of vessels.
- Smoking. American scientists have recently established that there is a direct link between periodontal disease and nicotine addiction. Tobacco combustion products negatively affect the blood supply to the gums and alveolar processes. More than a thousand people participated in the study. Anyone who smoked about a pack a day for several years risked twice as much dental he alth as those people who did not touch cigarettes. Moreover, even if the development of the pathology could be stopped, it began to progress again as soon as the person returned to the addiction.
- Hypertension.
- Pathologies of the pituitary gland. Dysfunctionpituitary gland leads to numerous malfunctions of the body, which are accompanied by the development of pathological processes in the dentoalveolar system. Therefore, diseases of the pituitary gland and periodontal disease are closely related.
- Hypovitaminosis.
- Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Mistake.
- Alcohol abuse.
- Neurological diseases.
- Injury to periodontal tissue. For example, the installation of orthodontic structures of inadequate quality, bruises or fractures.
- Endocrine disruption.
Dentists have noticed that many patients have deposits on their teeth, on which pathogenic bacteria can develop. But in the development of periodontal disease, this factor is not decisive.
Formation of pathology in young patients often occurs against the background of vegetative-vascular dystonia. And in people over the age of fifty, periodontal disease most often affects those who suffer from hypertension. From this we can conclude that the pathology develops as a result of hypoxia, which is provoked by sclerosis or vasospasm.
Symptoms of disease
Gum disease periodontal disease is characterized by the destruction of the tissues surrounding the tooth. There is a gradual exposure of the roots. At the same time, good fixation of the tooth is maintained for a long time.
Due to the slow development, the initial stage of the pathology goes unnoticed by the patient. This is the main danger and insidiousness of the disease. Against the background of asymptomatic development, there is a significant destruction of periodontal tissue. Therefore, it is importantexamine your gums during hygiene procedures and contact your dentist if you find the following signs:
- Visually noticeable lengthening of the tooth.
- Gum whitening but no signs of inflammation.
- Formation of even minimal deposits.
- The appearance of a wedge-shaped defect, erosion of the enamel or abrasion of the tooth.
All of the above signs of bleeding gums are not accompanied. But as the pathology develops, the patient will begin to show the following symptoms:
- Sensation of itching, pain or burning in the mucosa.
- Ripple in the gums.
- Bleeding while brushing teeth or eating.
- Swollen gums.
- Split or loose teeth.
- The appearance of an unpleasant odor.
At the last stages of the pathology, the formation of a periodontal tooth occurs. His crown may be completely he althy, and most of the root will be exposed. Such a tooth will not be able to perform its function normally due to loosening. In the absence of proper treatment, inflammation may develop, which can cause sepsis.
Stages of disease
Treatment of periodontal gum disease should be started as early as possible. Only in this case, you can count on a significant slowdown or stop the process. It is impossible in most cases to completely restore the original state of the gums.
Pathology usually begins with inflammation of the mucous membrane of the alveolar process. In the gap between the teethbasophilic loose masses accumulate, which consist of single epithelial cells and colonies of microbes. There is a feeling of itching in the gums, they begin to swell. The area around the neck of the tooth becomes more sensitive. Eating solid foods can cause bleeding. All of these changes refer to the initial stage of the pathology.
Depending on the condition of the periodontium, the following stages are distinguished:
- First. There is a slight mobility of the teeth, the appearance of a stone and the exposure of the necks. The gums are swollen. The dentition is not broken yet.
- Second. The roots of the teeth are more exposed. This leads to the formation of a gingival pocket, which may be filled with blood or purulent exudate. The mucosa sometimes has a bluish tint. The mobility of the teeth in the lateral direction increases. On x-ray, you can see that the bone tissue of the root is shortened.
- Third. The roots are exposed half of their length. Their open part is covered with solid deposits. Increased tooth mobility and pocket size.
- Fourth. There is complete atrophy of the bone support. You can rotate the tooth in any direction, it is fixed only by soft tissues.
The dentist must accurately determine the stage of pathology in order to determine how to treat periodontal disease. There is no general solution for all patients. Treatment depends both on the stage of the disease, and on the patient's condition and the specifics of complications. To achieve the best result, a whole range of measures is required. These may include antibiotic therapy, taking vitamins or hormones,surgical orthopedic or physiotherapy care.
Dental procedures
Before starting treatment, the dentist must study the medical history. Periodontal disease of moderate severity cannot be completely cured. But, thanks to modern technologies, it is possible to partially restore the gum and slow down the process.
Standard therapy includes several steps:
- Initial visual examination and checking of tooth mobility.
- X-ray.
- Complete blood count.
- A swab of oral mucus.
- Probing the gingival sulcus.
- Checking vascular patency.
- Rehabilitation of the oral cavity. This includes: caries treatment, wedge fillings, sharp corners and calculus removal.
- Treat common conditions that may have caused periodontal disease.
- Physiotherapy for gums. For example, darsonvalization and electrophoresis. And also a massage. All of these procedures can improve the blood supply to the gums and saturate them with nutrients. This improves tissue regeneration and stops the process of their destruction.
- Laser treatment.
- Splinting. This technique is aimed at reducing the mobility of teeth that are loosely seated in the gums. Fixed splinting is used in the initial stages of periodontal disease. To install the structure, it is necessary that all the teeth in the row are preserved. The most common material for splinting is fiberglass thread. She uniformlydistributes the load between all teeth, does not injure them and does not affect the appearance. The procedure itself is painless and takes less than an hour. Removable splinting is used in more advanced cases of periodontal disease, when teeth begin to fall out. A prosthesis is made according to the individual measurements of the patient. It will fix the remaining teeth and close the resulting gaps.
- Gingival flap transplantation. Surgery corrects the appearance of the dentition. Unfortunately, it is not able to solve the problem of tissue damage.
At a late stage of the disease, most of the teeth fall out. As well as bone atrophy. In addition, there is an unpleasant smell from the mouth, malocclusion is observed. At this stage, the methods listed above will not be able to help the patient. The only way out is to install implants.
Medicated treatment
After the dentist has done all the necessary manipulations, the patient will be recommended drug therapy for gum disease. Treatment of periodontitis with folk remedies, which is preferred by many patients, will be effective only in combination with drugs. The patient may be prescribed immunomodulators, injections into the gums, vitamin complexes, as well as antibiotics or hormones.
In the treatment of periodontal disease, the following drugs have proven themselves best:
- "Tsiprolet A". The drug effectively eliminates oral infections.
- "Erythromycin". It is prescribed if purulent exudate is found in the gum pockets. Allocations startdecrease already on the second day of therapy.
- Clindamycin. Most often, the drug is prescribed for periodontal abscess.
- "Levosin". The ointment heated to a temperature of 36 degrees is injected into the purulent cavities.
- "Olazol". The aerosol contains sea buckthorn oil and other substances that relieve inflammation and have an analgesic effect.
Injections into the gums are one of the most effective methods of treating periodontal disease. Before and after photos taken by patients confirm the effectiveness of this procedure. Medicinal substances introduced in this way immediately enter the damaged tissues.
The following drugs are used for injections:
- Aloe extract.
- "Traumeel".
- Vitamin C.
- Biogenic stimulants.
- "Ribonuclease".
- Lidaza.
- "Methyluracil".
Recipes of traditional medicine
Alternative medicine can only help the patient at the initial stage of gum disease. Treatment of periodontal disease with folk remedies is best combined with all the recommendations given by the dentist. To improve the blood supply and nutrition of the gums, the following methods help:
- Garlic. The tooth must be cut into two parts. Make a massage with a slice, rubbing the juice into the gums.
- Sea s alt and honey mixed in equal proportions. Transfer the mixture to gauze and apply it to the gums. The duration of the procedure should be at least 40 minutes.
- Aloe leaf cut into two parts. Apply the pulp for 30 minutes togums.
- Grind 400 g of horseradish root, pour it with a liter of boiled water. Infuse the mixture for eight hours, strain. Use mouthwash.
- Add a pinch of calamus powder daily to toothpaste while brushing.
Toothpastes against periodontal disease
Many patients at the dentist's office are interested in how to treat periodontal disease at home quickly and effectively. Unfortunately, it is impossible to defeat this pathology on your own. But therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes help relieve unpleasant symptoms and improve the condition of the gums. If you use them at least twice a day, you can see significant improvements.
The best toothpastes include:
- "Splat Biocalcium". Eliminates sensitivity in wedge-shaped defects. In addition, it strengthens tooth enamel and improves gum he alth.
- "Lacalut Fluor". Regular use improves gum he alth. Sensitivity to sour and cold is greatly reduced.
- President Active Clinical. Eliminates bleeding and gum sensitivity. Triclosan, which is part of the composition, has an anti-inflammatory effect.
- "Acadet". The paste contains trace elements that prevent tooth decay. Eliminates plaque and enamel microcracks. It has a filling effect on bare necks.
- Asepta Sensitive. The paste is suitable for sensitive teeth and prevention of gum disease.
Benefitremineralization
Remineralization of teeth in the initial stage of periodontal disease can significantly slow down the course of the disease. The sooner the patient notices the beginning of the formation of the wedge-shaped defect and takes action, the better. Remineralization is the saturation of tooth enamel with phosphorus and calcium, which restore its structure.
A few years ago, only a dentist could perform such a procedure. Now the situation has changed. The patient can save time by performing the necessary manipulations at home. To do this, you need to purchase a remineralizing gel for teeth. It must be applied twice a day, after brushing your teeth. Drinking and eating within an hour after the application is prohibited.
One of the best products on the market is R. O. C. S. It eliminates wedge-shaped defects, enamel erosion, relieves tooth sensitivity and restores the normal microflora of the oral cavity. The gel is completely safe to swallow. It can be prescribed to children from infancy and pregnant women. Remineralizing gel R. O. C. S. is an effective remedy at the initial stage of gum disease, periodontal disease. Photos of patients' teeth taken before and after the use of this remedy confirm that small wedge-shaped defects are completely eliminated. And also the enamel becomes noticeably lighter.
Prevention
Science cannot name the exact causes of gum disease periodontal disease until now. Therefore, it is impossible to completely eliminate the risk of developing this pathology. However, it can be significantly reduced iffollow some simple rules:
- Take good care of your oral hygiene and visit the dentist on time.
- It is recommended to massage the gums every day after brushing your teeth.
- Quit smoking.
- Eat sensibly. Make sure that the body receives all the necessary vitamins and minerals. Limit sweets.
- Take courses of vitamin complexes.
Keep your teeth he althy not only for a snow-white smile, but also for the he alth of the body as a whole.
